ECONOMIC REVIEW No

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1 ECONOMIC REVIEW No * 2006 CGSS2006 Jann Gustafsson and Li 2000 Zhang et al Altonji and Blank Filer Hersch % 33. 5% 2 Jaume Carmen CGSS * qshisong@ 163. com 1 Konrad et al % 33. 5%

2 6% Oaxaca - Blinder Fortin et al Zhang et al Oaxaca - Blinder Neumark 1988 index number problem Jann Heckman 1976 Oaxaca - Blinder Neumark 1988 β^ * lnw m - lnw f = X m β^ m - X f β^ f = X m - X f β^ * + X m β^ m - β^ * + X f β^ * - β^ f lnw m lnw f X m X f β^ m β^ f 2 Oaxaca Ransom 1994 Neumark β^ * = Ωβ^ m + I - Ω β^ fω = X' m X m + X' f X f -1 X' m X m X m X f 3 Neumark 4 Jann 2008 Heckman Oaxaca - Blinder β^ * β^ f β^ m 3 Oaxaca - Blinder Ω 4 Jann

3 2006 CGSS ~ 60 1 / 2 selection bias 16 / Brown 1980 CGSS2006 / / 4 / 1 2 / /

4 1 T *** ** *** *** ** *** ** ** *** / 1 / ** *** *** / *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** *** *** *** ** * 1% 5% 10% 2 α autonomy / α Heckman

5 1 2 OLS Heckman λ 2 1 lnwage *** *** *** *** *** *** ** * *** ** ** *** *** * *** *** *** *** *** ** * *** * *** * ** / / *** ** ** *** *** *** * ** *** *** ** ** *

6 2 lnwage ** *** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** R lambda *** *** *** LR χ *** ** * 1% 5% 10% 2 3 / McCrate authority 1 Schumann Brown McCrate

7 Fairris 1989 Dorman and Hagstrom Becker 1991 Nakosteen and Zimmer 1987 Ginther and Zavodny % % % % % % % % % 6% % 8. 61% %

8 3 % / 6% 70% Applet Simon Altonji Joseph G. and Rebecca M. Blank Race and Gender in the Labor Market. In Handbook of Labor Economics 79

9 Volume 3 ed. Ashenfelter Orley and D. Card North Holland Elsevier. 8. Becker Gary S A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge Enlarged Edition Cambridge Mass. and London Harvard University Press. 9. Brown Charles Equalizing Differences in the Labor Market. Quarterly Journal of Economics Dorman Peter and Paul Hagstrom Wage Compensation for Dangerous Work Revisited. Industrial and Labor Relations Review Fairris David Compensating Wage Differentials in the Union and Nonunion Sectors. Industrial Relations Filer Randall K Male - Female Wage Differences The Importance of Compensating Differentials. Industrial & Labor Relations Review Fortin Nicole Thomas Lemieux and Sergio Firpo Decomposition Methods in Economics. In Handbook of Labor Economics Volume 4 ed. Ashenfelter Orley and D. Card North Holland Elsevier. 14. Ginther Donna K. and Madeline Zavodny Is the Male Marriage Premium Due to Selection The Effect of Shotgun Weddings on the Return to Marriage. Journal of Population Economics Gustafsson Bjorn and Shi Li Economic Transformation and the Gender Earnings Gap in Urban China. Journal of Population Economics Heckman James J The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for such Models. Annals of Economic and Social Measurement Hersch Joni Male - Female Differences in Hourly Wages The Role of Human Capital Working Conditions and Housework. Industrial & Labor Relations Review Jann Ben The Binder - Oaxaca Deomposition for Linear Regression Models. The Stata Journal Konrad Alison J. Ritchie Pamela Lieb and Elizabeth Corrigall Sex Differences and Similarities in Job Attribute Preferences A Meta - Analysis. Psychological Bulletin McCrate Elaine Flexible Hours Workplace Authority and Compensating Wage Differentials in the US. Feminist Economics Nakosteen Robert A. and Michael A. Zimmer Marital Status and Earnings of Young Men A Model with Endogenous Selection. Journal of Human Resources Neumark David Employers Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination. Journal of Human Resources Oaxaca Ronald L. and Michael R. Ransom On Discrimination and the Decomposition of Wage Differentials. Journal of Econometrics Schumann Paul L. Dennis A. Ahlburg and C. B. Mahoney The Effects of Human Capital and Job Characteristics on Pay. The Journal of Human Resources Jaume García Villar and Rubio Casta o Carmen Job Characteristics and Gender Wage Differences Revisited Evidence From Spain. The 1st Annual Workshop on Gender Economics. Granada Spain FEDEA June Zhang Junsen Jun Han Pak - Wai Liu and Yaohui Zhao Trends in the Gender Earnings Differential in Urban China Industrial and Labor Relations Review The Role of Job Characters on Gender Wage Differentials in Urban China Qing Shisong School of Social Development East China Normal University Abstract Theory of compensating differentials is one of explanations for the gender wage gap. This paper uses a unique data set from Chinese General Social Survey in 2006 CGSS2006 to examine simultaneously the effects of human capital and job characters on gender wage differentials in urban China. The study shows that there are significant differences in job characteristics between men and women but some findings are inconsistent with the expectations of the compensating differentials hypothesis. Although the hierarchical position which as a set of job character variables can explain more than eight percent of the gender wage gap the explained difference between the monthly wage of men and women is not significantly increased after the inclusion of lots of job characters. It suggests that discrimination should be responsible for the gender wage gap in urban China. In this sense Chinese government is expected to take affirmative act and anti - discrimination legislation to promote gender equality. Key Words Gender Wage Gap Job Characters Compensating Differentials JEL Classification J71 J31 J16 80