Talendo. Talendo. Talendo. DuPont. The new standard in powdery mildew control

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1 DuPont Talendo Talendo Toll free professional support on plant protection: Hotline: XXX DuPont on the web: Web address DuPont subsidiary Postal Address, tel/fax THIS TECHNICAL INFORMATION DOES NOT REPLACE THE LABEL INSTRUCTIONS. PLEASE ALWAYS FOLLOW THE LABEL IF APPLYING PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS. USE PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS SAFELY AND WITH RESPONSIBLE CARE. Talendo The new standard in powdery mildew control The DuPont oval, DuPont TM, The miracles of science TM and all products marked with are protected brands by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or one of its subsidiaries.

2 Contents Powdery mildew 2 Talendo at a glance 3 Advantages of Talendo 5 Field trials 9 Application recommendation 11 Resistance management 12 Quality assurance 13 Integrated pest management 14 Powdery mildew an omnipresent and dreaded disease in grapes Powdery mildew can be found in nearly all agricultural crops and stands a wide range of climatic conditions (5-30 C, relative humidity 40%-100%). It develops and spreads extremely fast throughout vineyards. The time from infection to sporulation can be very short (5-6 days at C). Powdery mildew is a devastating disease with high economic impact - it can heavily affect both the yield and quality of grapes. Under certain conditions 100% of the yield can be lost. Uncinula necator, the causal agent of grape powdery mildew, can be controlled with fungicides. However it involves up to 7 fungicide applications per season. The fungus tends to develop resistance against fungicides. Therefore a combination of agronomic practices and the use of fungicides with different modes of action are key factors for successful protection of the grapes: Cultural (pruning, limitation of manuring) Genetic (resistant varieties) Chemical fungicides with varying modes of action (preventive, curative, eradicating) Talendo, the new mode of action fungicide from DuPont, has an important place in disease management and is an asset to control powdery mildew in vineyards. Damage caused by grape powdery mildew Yield Quality Wine harvest can be reduced to 0% Reduction of anthocyanin and 3 mercaptohexanol concentration in wine Stains on fruit Productivity loss Flavour loss Unsaleable fruits 1 Dramatic economic impact for wine growers 2

3 Talendo at a glance Talendo has a strong preventive action against powdery mildew, an unrivalled, long-lasting efficacy and has an excellent fit into IPM programmes. The product contains a new active molecule: Proquinazid. It belongs to a new chemical class of fungicides, Quinazolinone, discovered by DuPont de Nemours in the 1990 s. This new class is unrelated to any other compound used for the control of grape powdery mildew. That s why Talendo is an important tool in disease control management. Talendo - best protection against powdery mildew Grapes are highly susceptible to powdery mildew between flowering and bunch closure. So the crop should be protected from preflowering (about 10 days before the flowering) to the bunch closure. In vineyards where initial infections come from flag shoots (overwintering mycelium) it is recommended to do a prior treatment at 3-5 leaf stage. Talendo Active ingredient Formulation Packaging Registration scope Use rate Content of active ingredient Crop Target Application stage Treatment interval PHI pre harvest interval Special registration requirements: Proquinazid 200g active /l emulsifiable concentrate EC 1l can (4 hectares) 0,25l/ha 50g ai/ha All wine and table grapes Uncinula necator, the causal agent of grape powdery mildew BBCH 13 (3 leaves stage) BBCH 83 (28 days before harvest) 14 days 28 Days Country specific Overwintering of dormant mycelium in buds Winter Primary infections on shoots from infected buds Infection of buds Spring Talendo prevents infection and protects new growth Vegetative Reproduction Autumn Spread of conidia from primary infections to young shoots and fruit Summer Talendo prevents reinfection for a very long time Secondary infection cycles during the season O I N Hooked appendages Asci Ascospore release Talendo reduces the number of viable fruiting bodies at the end of the season N O Maturation of cleistothecia Sexual Reproduction Formation of fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) on infected leaves and fruit 3 4 Infection of young leaves and fruit

4 Advantages of Talendo 1 2 Strong preventive activity Once landed on the surface of grape tissue, spores of Uncinula necator usually produce a germ tube that forms an appressorium. This appressorium is able to penetrate the plant and start the infection. In the case of a crop previously protected with Talendo the germ tube continues to elongate without any appressorium formation. The fungus is unable to penetrate the plant, the infection stops. With high rates of Talendo the spores are not even able to germinate. Long lasting protection Spores of grape powdery mildew departing from a plant treated with Talendo are no longer able to infect other plants. Talendo protects grapes against secondary infections and therefore the crop remains clean for a longer period of time. Talendo application Appressorium formation No appressorium formation Inoculation 1 day after Healthy leaf Untreated 1 day preventative application of Talendo Sporulating leaf Leaf still healthy 15 days after inoculation Efficiacy % in Efficacy % Talendo shows high efficacy when applied preventively 1 day preventitive treatment - 98% 7 days preventitive treatment - 90% Talendo 50g a.i/ha Source: DUPONT Test under controlled conditions % Efficacy Efficiacy in % Talendo shows high efficacy against spore reinfection Proquinazid 50g a.i/ha - 85% Competitive fungicide 1-65% Competitive fungicide - 20% Untreated - 5.2% Source: DUPONT 2006 Destroyed spore 48 hours after treatment with Talendo 5 6

5 Talendo 16pp Bro 23/5/07 10:26 Page 9 Advantages of Talendo 3 Protection of untreated crop tissue and new growth Talendo has local systemic properties and is capable of translaminar movement. It redistributes efficiently onto the leaf. Talendo is also able to protect new growth after application. Talendo provides quick vapour redistribution on grapes within a short distance around a treated plant in the 24 hours following treatment. Due to this super halo effect, the 4 Upper and lower leaf surface protection Talendo demonstrates excellent translaminar activity from the lower to the upper side of the grape leaf. This attribute allows protection of the untreated side of a leaf and compensates for imperfect spray coverage where chemical droplets have no access. grape surface is protected comprehensively including the parts of the plants (bunches) where chemical droplets have no access. New growth protection - comparison of active ingredient redistribution Untreated Talendo Contact product Systemic product Fungicide was applied at the centre of the leaf. The disease infestation in the other parts of the leaf is significantly reduced when treated with Talendo in comparison to untreated leaves or leaves treated with other products. 10 One plant treated with Talendo placed among untreated plants % 61-80% 41-60% 21-40% 0-20% cm Talendo applied to lower leaf surface redistributes within the leaf 5 Protection against early spring infestation Talendo has been shown to affect the fruiting bodies of grape powdery mildew (cleistothecia) which play an important role in the start of a new epidemic in the following season. On Talendo treated tissue, cleistothecia are more rare and malformed. Healthy fruiting body Destroyed fruiting body Untreated 3 days after treatment with Talendo % of disease control 7 8

6 Field trials Best efficacy against grape powdery mildew Talendo shows an outstanding efficacy against grape powdery mildew in comparison to preventive as well as systemic competitive fungicides. This was demonstrated in 88 trials all over Europe independent of infestation intensity or environmental conditions. Unrivalled long lasting efficacy Talendo shows 100% protection after one week of permanent heavy inoculation with powdery mildew. Even after 14 days it reaches nearly 97% efficacy. The current standard product is not as effective in the beginning and loses efficacy even more after 10 days. % Efficacy % Efficacy Talendo 50g a.i/ha - 96% Preventative product Talendo offers better protection of bunches than the standard preventive product Competitve fungicide 50g a.i/ha - 87% Talendo 50g a.i/ha - 94% Systemic product Talendo offers better protection of bunches than the standard systemic product Competitve fungicide 50g a.i/ha - 86% acy % in Efficacy % Efficiacy % Efficacy in % Efficiacy % Efficacy in % Efficiacy % Efficacy in % Plant protection after 6 days Talendo - 100% Current Standard - 95% Untreated - 82% Plant protection after 10 days Talendo - 98% Current Standard - 92% Untreated - 70% Plant protection after 14 days Talendo - 97% Current Standard - 78% Untreated - 30% Rain fastness within 2 hours Talendo resists wash off from heavy rain, dew or irrigation. It can stand 20mm of rainfall occurring 2 hours after treatment without visible impact on powdery mildew control. There can be a slight drop in efficacy however as total rainfall and intensity increase. Efficacy relative to the unwashed control 20mm % 40mm - 85% 9 10

7 Application recommendation Since Talendo has mainly preventive activity on grape powdery mildew, it should be applied before the disease is established. Talendo offers good flexibility in a spray programme and can be used at the various stages of crop development. For resistance management, Talendo should be used in spray programmes containing fungicides with different modes of action. Talendo shows outstanding efficacy under a variety of humidity, temperature and rain conditions. When applied according to the label recommendation, Talendo exhibited reliable disease control in a large number of trials conducted in Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Germany and Portugal during several growing seasons. Talendo is compatible with most grape insecticides and fungicides. If Talendo is to be mixed with another crop protection product, follow the recommendations printed on the label. You may also receive toll free, personal plant protection advice for DuPont products by calling: Country specific DuPont hotline Talendo should be applied with a minimum water volume of 150 L/ha. Resistance management Resistance to crop protection chemicals is a natural biological phenomenon that occurs in insects, weeds and fungi. The repeated use of one chemical in the same field or in successive years selects resistance strains and allows them to multiply over several seasons. Proquinazid, the unique and novel active ingredient in Talendo, shows no cross resistance to triazoles. Thanks to this Talendo can be a useful resistance management tool as long as some important terms are considered: The number of applications should be restricted to 3 per season (country to validate). Talendo should be applied preventatively. Talendo should be used in alternation with other mildewcides with a different mode of action. Talendo should be mixed with a curative powdery mildewcide if the disease has already developed in the field. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) provides detailed fungicide resistance management guidelines to prolong the effectiveness of fungicides and to limit crop losses should resistance occur. FRAC is a Specialist Technical Group of CropLife International, the global federation representing the plant science industry: For further information on fungicide resistance and how to prevent it please contact History of fungicides against grape powdery mildew Apparition of Uncinula necator in England 1845 First application of sulphur 1850 Launching of dinocap and benzimidazole 1960 Large application of SBI in Europe 1980 Launching of strobilurins, quinoxyfen and spiroxmine Late 1990 s 2007 Talendo launch 1834 Apparition of Uncinula necator in USA 1848 Apparition of Uncinula necator in France 1980 Apparition of resistance to benzimidazole 1988 Apparition of resistance to DMI in Portugal and in France SBI: Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitor. DMI: DeMethylation Inhibitor Recommended application of Talendo Bud burst BBCH 5-19 Sulfur 3,6 kg/ha Leaf development BBCH Talendo 0,2 l/ha Inflorescence BBCH Talendo 0,25 l/ha Flowering BBCH Discus 0,18 kg/ha Fruit set BBCH Talendo 0,35 l/ha Bunch closure BBCH 77 Discus 0,24 L/ha Ripening BBCH Topas 0,24 L/ha Harvest Risk of leaf contamination by powdery mildew Risk of bunch contamination by powdery mildew Talendo use 11 12

8 Quality assurance Talendo enhances yield quality. It helps deliver undamaged, perfectly shaped grapes and reduces the threat of secondary infection with other fungi such as botrytis. Talendo also has no negative impact on grape processing (vinification) and does not leave detectable residues in wine. That makes Talendo an important tool in quality assurance programmes of table grape and wine growers. Residues in food The pre-harvest interval (PHI) for Talendo is 28 days. If applied according to growth stages specified on the registered label, residues of the active ingredient proquinazid always stay below the established Maximum residue levels (MRL). The proposed harmonized EU MRL for table and wine grapes is 0.5 mg/kg. Currently established national MRLs are mg/kg grapes. Proquinazid does not leave detectable residues in wine. Toxicological profile Talendo exhibits very low toxicity to humans and animals. It shows no significant acute toxicity (acute oral dose LD50 of the formulated product for female rats is >2000mg/kg) and is not genotoxic or teratogenic. User exposure of Talendo is low if product is applied according to label instructions and good agricultural practice. It does not exceed the thresholds given by authorities. Integrated pest management One of the most effective ways of controlling vineyard pests and diseases is the Integrated Pest Management concept, IPM. It includes for example prophylactic measures, use of chemicals with low impact on beneficial organisms and the environment, applications of chemicals at the adequate time and dose rate. Talendo is an excellent tool for IPM given its good ecotoxicological profile. Effect on higher animal species Talendo exhibits low toxicity to higher animal species as it shows no significant acute toxicity and no reproductive toxicity. Effect on Honey Bees and Beneficial Arthropods Talendo exhibits a low toxicity to honey bees and beneficial arthropods. The product is classified as harmless and considered not to pose a risk if applied according to the registration. Effect on water organisms Talendo is not acutely toxic to fish, daphnids and algae. Effects on Earthworms and Soil Macro Organisms Talendo exhibits low toxicity to earthworms (acute LC50 >198.8 mg a.s./kg soil) and other invertebrate soil species if applied according to the label. The product has no effect on soil organic matter decomposition. Environmental Fate Soil: Proquinazid is not mobile in soil: no quantifiable residues were detected below 20 cm. Proquinazid dissipates rapidly from soil (DT90<1 year). Water: The risk of contamination of groundwater is low, as the concentration of proquinazid reaching groundwater will be < 0.001µg/L, well below the trigger value of 0.1 µg/l. Air: The vapour pressure and Henry s law constant of proquinazid indicate low volatilisation of the active substance