Supplementary Table S1: Six-rowed barley landrace germplasms used in this study.

Transcription

1 Supplementary Table S1: Six-rowed barley landrace germplasms used in this study. ID Name Caryopsis structure Geographic Origin Population 1 xiningbaidamai hulled Xining, Qinghai POP3 2 xiningbailiulengqingke hulless Xining, Qinghai POP4 3 xininghongjiaoni hulless Xining, Qinghai POP4 4 yushuchangmanglanqingke hulless Yushu, Qinghai Admixed 5 yushuerchangsiduanmangbaiqingke hulless Yushu, Qinghai POP1 6 yushulanqingke hulless Yushu, Qinghai Admixed 7 yushuchangmangbaiqingke hulless Yushu, Qinghai Admixed 8 chengduoerdaomeibaiqingke hulless Chenduo, Qinghai Admixed 10 chengduochangmanghongqingke hulless Chenduo, Qinghai Admixed 11 chengduobaikangqing hulless Chenduo, Qinghai POP1 12 chengduogoumangziqingke hulless Chenduo, Qinghai POP1 13 chengduochangmangziqingke hulless Chenduo, Qinghai Admixed 14 huangyuanlanqingke hulless Huangyuan, Qinghai POP4 15 huangyuanbailiulengqingke hulless Huangyuan, Qinghai POP4 16 huangyuanhuaqingke hulless Huangyuan, Qinghai POP4 17 huangyuanbailangsan hulless Huangyuan, Qinghai POP4 18 huangzhongzaqingkezisileng hulless Huangzhong, Qinghai POP4 19 huangzhongzaqingkebailiuleng hulless Huangzhong, Qinghai POP4 20 datongbailiuleng hulless Datong, Qinghai POP4 21 datongzaqingkehongsileng hulless Datong, Qinghai POP4

2 22 datonghongliuleng hulless Datong, Qinghai POP4 23 banmahongqingke hulless Banma, Qinghai POP4 25 banmaheiqingke hulless Banma, Qinghai Admixed 26 minhehuangmaichangmangqingke hulless Minhe, Qinghai POP4 27 minhesilenglanqingke hulless Minhe, Qinghai Admixed 28 huzhubaiqingke hulless Huzhu, Qinghai POP4 29 xunhuahongliulengqingke hulless Xunhua, Qinghai POP4 30 xunhuahongmaibaiqingke hulless Xunhua, Qinghai POP4 31 nangqianchanggoumangbaiqingke hulless Nangqian, Qinghai POP1 32 nangqianzikangqing hulless Nangqian, Qinghai Admixed 33 nangqianerdaomeiziqingke hulless Nangqian, Qinghai POP1 34 nangqiangoumangbaiqingke hulless Nangqian, Qinghai POP1 35 leduheiqingke hulled Ledu, Qinghai POP3 36 ledusilengbaidamai hulless Ledu, Qinghai Admixed 37 dulanchangmangbaiqingke hulless Dulan, Qinghai Admixed 38 guidezaqingke hulless Guide, Qinghai POP4 39 maqinqingke hulless Maqin, Qinghai POP4 40 hualongchangmangqingke hulless Hualong, Qinghai Admixed 42 dulihuang hulless Menyuan, Qinghai POP5 43 abazhouqingke hulless Aba, Sichuan Admixed 44 heilaoya hulless Menyuan, Qinghai Admixed 45 shannandiquqingke hulless Shannan (Zedang), Tibet POP1 46 lasashiqingke hulless Lasa, Tibet Admixed 47 jiangzigalalan hulless Jiangzi, Tibet Admixed 95 lanmangdamai hulless Tibet POP2

3 96 heyingdamai hulless Tibet POP2 97 changmangheiyingdamai hulless Tibet POP2 98 ziyingdamai hulless Tibet POP2 99 telihaqingke hulless Tibet POP2 100 jiamandouqingke hulless Tibet Admixed 101 xianglihaqingke hulless Tibet POP1 102 sichuanliulengduanmangqingke hulless Ganzi, Sichuan POP4 103 sichuanliulengchangmang hulless Ganzi, Sichuan POP4 104 sichuanganziqingke hulless Ganzi, Sichuan Admixed 105 sichuanqingke hulless Sichuan Admixed 107 teliteqingke hulless Tibet POP2 108 liewuzonggubuhachunqingke hulless Tibet POP1 109 sichuanqianning hulless Daofu, Sichuan Admixed 110 gangshi hulless Tibet POP1 111 changduqingke hulless Changdu, Tibet POP1 112 tewu hulless Changdu, Tibet POP1 113 mali hulless Changdu, Tibet POP2 114 zatang hulless Changdu, Tibet Admixed 115 jiayuqiao hulless Luolong, Tibet Admixed 116 luolongzong hulless Luolong, Tibet Admixed 117 shuobanduo hulless Luolong, Tibet POP1 118 bianbaqingke hulless Bianba, Tibet POP2 119 tuqika hulless Changdu, Tibet POP2 120 laluqingke hulless Gongbujiangda, Tibet POP2 121 taizhaoqingke hulless Gongbujiangda, Tibet POP2

4 122 wuxiqingke hulless Tibet Admixed 123 mozhuqingke hulless Mozhugongka, Tibet Admixed 124 baiqingke hulless Tibet Admixed 125 lasaqingke hulless Lasa, Tibet Admixed 126 lasabaiqingke hulless Duilongdeqing, Tibet POP2 127 qushuiqingke hulless Qushui, Tibet POP1 128 baidiqingke hulless Langkazibaidi, Tibet POP2 129 nanggazizong hulless Lang County, Tibet Admixed 130 tasaqingke hulless Tibet POP2 131 resaqingke hulless Laziresa, Tibet Admixed 132 tangmaiqingke hulless Dazi, Tibet POP1 133 luobuqingke hulless Rikaze, Tibet Admixed 134 bannagangqingke hulless Rikaze, Tibet POP2 135 jiaqingzezaoshuqingke hulless Rikaze, Tibet Admixed 136 kuxi hulless Linzhi, Tibet POP4 137 baiyu hulless Bomi, Tibet POP2 138 xiangqingke hulless Linzhi, Tibet POP2 139 chabulai hulless Yajiang, Sichuan POP1 140 handiziqingke hulless Ganzi, Sichuan Admixed 142 xiaojinshakonggouwei hulless Xiaojin, Sichuan POP1 143 danbaheiqingke hulless Danba, Sichuan Admixed 144 wumai hulless Daofu, Sichuan Admixed 145 zumuzubaerbahei hulless Daofu, Sichuan Admixed 146 ganziheiliuleng hulless Ganzi, Sichuan Admixed 147 daimaoqingke hulless Daofu, Sichuan Admixed

5 148 baiyuqingke hulless Baiyu, Sichuan Admixed 149 ganzibailiuleng hulless Ganzi, Sichuan Admixed 150 minxianqingke hulless Minxian, Gansu Admixed 170 dulihuang hulless Gannan, Gansu POP5 171 luquziqingke hulless Luqu, Gansu POP5 172 dangchanglanqingke hulless Dangchang, Gansu Admixed 173 dangchanghuangqingke hulless Dangchang, Gansu POP5 175 daqingke hulless Linxia, Gansu POP5 176 jintaxiaoqingke hulless Jinta, Gansu Admixed 177 wupiqingke hulless Li County, Gansu Admixed 178 walanqingke hulless Tianzhu, Gansu POP4 179 changmangqingke hulless Zhang County, Gansu POP5 180 changshenziqingke hulless Lintan, Gansu POP5 181 changqingke hulless Lintan, Gansu POP5 182 liulengzichangmangbaiqingke hulless Yongchang, Gansu Admixed 183 liulengxiaoqingke hulless Linze, Gansu POP5 184 liulengziqingke hulless Lintan, Gansu Admixed 185 liulengtoubaiqingke hulless Gulang, Gansu Admixed 186 lijiazhuangliuleng hulless Lintan, Gansu POP4 199 huangyuanziqingke hulless Huangyuan, Qinghai POP4 200 huzhuheiqingke hulless Huzhu, Qinghai POP4 201 huzhuheichangmang hulless Huzhu, Qinghai POP4 202 huzhuhongchangmang hulless Huzhu, Qinghai POP4 203 huzhuziqingke hulless Huzhu, Qinghai POP4 204 datongzisilengqingke hulless Datong, Qinghai POP4

6 205 datongheiqingke hulless Datong, Qinghai POP4 206 leduheiqingke hulless Ledu, Qinghai POP4 207 leduhongjiaoni 1 hulless Ledu, Qinghai POP4 208 hualongziqingke hulless Hualong, Qinghai POP4 209 hualonghongjiaonisileng hulless Hualong, Qinghai Admixed 210 hualonghongqingke hulless Hualong, Qinghai POP4 211 hualongheichangmang hulless Hualong, Qinghai Admixed 212 xunhuashandiheiqingke hulless Xunhua, Qinghai POP4 213 xunhuaheiqingke hulless Xunhua, Qinghai POP4 214 xunhuahongqingke hulless Xunhua, Qinghai POP4 215 menyuanheilaoya hulless Menyuan, Qinghai POP4 216 guideheiqingke hulless Guide, Qinghai POP4 217 hainanziqingke hulless Gonghe, Qinghai POP4 218 delinghaqingke hulless Wulan, Qinghai POP4 220 huangyuanheiliulengqingke hulless Huangyuan, Qinghai POP4 221 datongheiliulengqingke hulless Datong, Qinghai POP4 222 leduheiqingke hulless Ledu, Qinghai POP4 223 leduhongliuleng hulless Ledu, Qinghai POP4 224 xunhuahongliulengheiqingke hulless Xunhua, Qinghai POP4 225 changgoumangziqingke hulless Nangqian, Qinghai POP1 229 rongqingke hulless Sangria, Tibet POP1 230 chunqingke hulless Nimu, Tibet POP1 277 xingqingke hulless Lasa, Tibet POP2 278 lasaqingkejia hulless Lasa, Tibet POP3 279 lasaqingkewu hulless Lasa, Tibet POP2

7 280 xunduiqingke hulless Rikazexuedui, Tibet POP2 281 bailangzong hulless Rikaze, Tibet POP2 282 dagalazaqingke hulless Longzidagala, Tibet POP1 287 baidiqingke hulless Langkazibaidi, Tibet POP2 288 changduqingke hulless Changdu, Tibet POP1 289 tewu hulless Changdu, Tibet POP1 290 mali hulless Luolong, Tibet POP2 291 shuobanduo hulless Shuodu, Tibet POP1 292 bianbaqingke hulless Bianba, Tibet POP2 293 yuechiheidamai hulled Yuechi, Sichuan POP3 294 guangtoulaomai hulled Longli, Guizhou POP3 298 damai hulless Unknown POP3 299 liulengzi hulless Unknown Admixed 300 jiachuanliuleng hulless Unknown Admixed 301 guangtoudamai hulless Unknown Admixed 302 milaomai hulless Qianxi, Guizhou POP3 303 laomai hulless Unknown POP3 342 shannannongjiapinzhong 1 hulless Shannan (Zedang), Tibet POP1 343 shannannongjiapinzhong 2 hulless Shannan (Zedang), Tibet POP1 344 lasanongjiapinzhong hulless Lasa, Tibet POP1 361 zhangyechunqingke hulless Zhangye, Gansu Admixed 362 yuzhonglanqingke hulless Yuzhong, Gansu Admixed 363 zhangxianchangmangqingke hulless Zhang County, Gansu POP5 364 gulangqingke hulless Gulang, Gansu Admixed 366 shihulubaiqingke hulless Yongchang, Gansu POP1

8 367 damaqingke hulless Lintao, Gansu POP5 368 xiaoqingke hulless Linxia, Gansu POP5 369 mahaheinike hulless Linxia, Gansu Admixed 370 wuyeerqingke hulless Gannan, Gansu Admixed 371 wuyeerziqingke hulless Xiahe, Gansu Admixed 372 liulengtou hulless Yongdeng, Gansu POP4 373 liulengdaqingke hulless Jinta, Gansu Admixed 374 liulengtouziqingke hulless Minle, Gansu Admixed 375 liulengqingke hulless Minqin, Gansu Admixed 376 liulengqingke hulless Xihe, Gansu Admixed 377 liulengqingke hulless Zhang County, Gansu POP5 378 liulengqingke hulless Lintao, Gansu Admixed 379 liulengqingke hulless Hezheng, Gansu POP3 380 liulengqingke hulless Zhuoni, Gansu POP5 381 liulenglanqingke hulless Minle, Gansu Admixed 382 shuangyaoqingke hulless Min County, Gansu POP5 383 bendimaqingke hulless Weiyuan, Gansu POP5 384 siyuehuang hulless Dangchang, Gansu POP3 385 silengqingke hulless Minqin, Gansu Admixed 386 baipiqingke hulless Zhangye, Gansu POP5 387 bailansan hulless Tianzhu, Gansu Admixed 388 baichaqingke hulless Linxia, Gansu Admixed 389 baiqingke hulless Jiuquan, Gansu Admixed 390 baiqingke hulless Yumen, Gansu POP4 391 baiqingke hulless Minle, Gansu POP4

9 392 baiqingke hulless Yongdeng, Gansu Admixed 393 laobaiqingke hulless Wudu, Gansu Admixed 394 laohongqingke hulless Wudu, Gansu POP5 395 laoqingke hulless Xihe, Gansu Admixed 396 huimangbaiqingke hulless Gulang, Gansu POP1 397 hongqingke hulless Xiahe, Gansu POP5 398 xinglongqingke hulless Yuzhong, Gansu Admixed 399 qingpiqingke hulless Hexi, Gansu Admixed 400 chunqingke hulless Yongdeng, Gansu POP4 401 qingke hulless Yuzhong, Gansu POP5 402 qingke hulless Qingshui, Gansu Admixed 403 qingke hulless Qingshui, Gansu POP5 404 qingke hulless Tianshui, Gansu Admixed 405 qingke hulless Zhangchuan, Gansu Admixed 406 qingke hulless Jingning, Gansu Admixed 407 qingke hulless Yongjing, Gansu POP5 408 qingke hulless Anxi, Gansu POP5 409 qingke hulless Wuwei, Gansu POP4 410 qingke hulless Wushan, Gansu Admixed 411 qingke hulless Qingshui, Gansu POP5 412 qingliuziqingke hulless Lintan, Gansu POP5 413 ziqingke hulless Xiahe, Gansu POP5 414 heiqingke hulless Yongchang, Gansu POP4 415 duanmangqingke hulless Gaotai, Gansu POP3 416 cuoqingke hulless Lintan, Gansu POP5

10 417 cuoqingke hulless Min County, Gansu POP3 418 lanqingke hulless Minle, Gansu Admixed 419 lanqingke hulless Minle, Gansu Admixed 420 wupidamai hulless Yumen, Gansu Admixed 421 heqingke hulless Jingtai, Gansu POP4 422 manigouliuleng hulless Linxia, Gansu POP4 423 maqingke hulless Min County, Gansu POP5 424 maqingke hulless Hezheng, Gansu POP5 425 maqingke hulless Hezheng, Gansu POP5 426 maqingke hulless Kangle, Gansu Admixed 427 maqingke hulless Xiahe, Gansu POP5 428 ziqingke hulless Zhuoni, Gansu Admixed 436 changheiqingke hulless Zhongdian, Yunnan Admixed 437 duanbaiqingke hulless Zhongdian, Yunnan Admixed 438 nuoqingke hulless Weixi, Yunnan POP3 439 songhuamai hulless Longling, Yunnan POP3 444 wenquanqingke hulless Lijiangninglang, Yunnan Admixed 454 xiaozhongdianduanbaiqingke hulless Xiaozhongdian, Yunnan POP1 455 xiaozhongdianchangheiqingke hulless Xiaozhongdian, Yunnan Admixed 456 nixijiuge hulless Nixi, Yunnan Admixed 457 ludianqingke hulless Ludian, Yunnan Admixed 458 nixibashitianqingke hulless Nixi, Yunnan POP1 459 jiuge hulless Xianggelila, Yunnan Admixed 460 baiqingke hulless Deqin, Yunnan POP3 703 ziqingke hulless Yadong, Tibet POP1

11 704 baizhengqingke hulless Jiangzi, Tibet Admixed 705 changmangqingke hulless Milin, Tibet POP1 706 bendi hulless Renbu, Tibet POP1 709 laikang hulless Renbu, Tibet POP1 710 xitong hulless Angren, Tibet POP1 711 jiangzhawuri hulless Angren, Tibet POP1 712 zhujiuma hulless Sangria, Tibet POP1 714 qiangbubai hulless Xiementong, Tibet Admixed 715 gazangqingke hulless Dingri, Tibet Admixed 736 tonghuamapengsiyuehuang hulless Wenchuan, Sichuan Admixed

12 Supplementary Table S2: Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for 255 barley landraces representing five populations. Source of variation d.f. Sum of squares Variance components Percentage of variation % P-value Among populations Within populations Total Fixation Indices, F ST = Supplementary Table S3: Population pairwise F ST values. Populations POP1 POP2 POP3 POP4 POP5 POP1 0 POP POP POP POP

13 Supplementary Table S4: Genetic diversity: the mean polymorphism information content (PIC) values of individual barley sub-populations (POP 1 to 5) and different geographic origins calculated using 1,264 DArT markers. POP POP1 POP2 POP3 POP4 POP5 Number of accessions Mean PIC (0.187#) Number of polymorphic markers Original region Tibet Yushu Sichuan Yunnan Hexi Corridor Region Hehuang valley Gannan Number of accessions Mean PIC Number of polymorphic markers Only accessions with a proportional membership (Q value) of 0.8 were considered. # Four hulled accessions not included.