Vocabulary. Red = in book Black = terms to be used in our upcoming notes. Jump to first page

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1 Vocabulary Conquistador Royal Fifth Francisco Pizarro Monopoly Hacienda Social class Treaty Hernan Cortes Debt peonage Mestizo Peninsular (Montezuma) Red = in book Black = terms to be used in our upcoming notes

2 Europeans Arrive in the Americas

3 Europeans Arrive in the Americas A. In the 1400s, European nations of Spain and Portugal were

4 Columbus B. The BIG mistake Christopher Columbus made when planning his voyage was. C. Columbus was denied money from D. Queen Isabella of agreed to sponsor (pay for) his voyage

5 E. His three ships were the,, &.

6 Columbus presents Queen Isabella and King Ferdinan with An Age of Discovery gifts from the New World A. Centuries before Columbus, people did not know B. Cities such as Genoa and Venice prospered because of

7 Dividing a Continent A. In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed a treaty. B. A Treaty is C. They created an imaginary line called the which gave Spain the right to settle and trade west (50 degrees longitude line) of that line and Portugal had east of that line

8 Conquistadors Success D. Spanish explorers hoped in the Americas E. The Spanish church also wished to spread Christianity A.

9 Conquistadors Success A. Conquistadors were given in exchange for their conquering services B. One fifth of any wealth that was found had to be set aside for the Spanish Crown. This was known as

10 Hernan Cortes ~ the Conquistador Born: 1485 to 1571 Leader of the Spanish invasion into Mexico and conqueror of the

11 Cuba ( ) In 1511, Cortés accompanied Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, an aide of the Governor of Hispaniola, in his expedition to conquer Cuba. Velázquez was appointed as governor. At the age of 26, Cortés was made clerk to the treasurer with the responsibility of ensuring that the Crown received the quinto, or customary one fifth of the profits from the expedition.

12 Cuba ( ) The Governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez, was so impressed with Cortés that he secured a high political position for him in the colony. He became secretary for Governor Velázquez. Cortés was twice appointed municipal magistrate (top law enforcement) of Santiago. In Cuba, Cortés became a man of wealth with an encomienda to provide Indian labor for his mines and cattle. This new position of power also made him the new source of leadership, which opposing forces in the colony could then turn to for help.

13 Cuba ( ) In 1514, Cortés led a group which demanded that more Indians be assigned to the settlers. As time went on, relations between Cortés and Governor Velázquez became tense. [7] This really began once rumors reached Velázquez that Juan de Grijalva had established a colony on the mainland where there was a wealth of silver and gold. It was decided to send him help. Cortés was appointed Captain-General of this new expedition in October 1518, but was advised to move fast before Velázquez changed his mind. [7]

14 Cuba ( ) With Cortés's experience as an administrator, knowledge gained from many failed expeditions, and his impeccable rhetoric he was able to gather six ships and 300 men, within a month. Predictably, Velázquez's jealousy exploded and decided to place the leadership of the expedition in other hands. However, Cortés quickly gathered more men and ships in other Cuban ports.

15 Cuba ( ) Cortés also found time to become romantically involved with Catalina Juárez, the sister-in-law of Governor Velázquez. Part of Velázquez's displeasure with Cortés seems to have been based on a belief that Cortés was trifling with Catalina's affections. Cortés was also temporarily distracted by one of Catalina's sisters but finally married Catalina, reluctantly, under pressure from Governor Velázquez. However, by doing so, he hoped to secure the good will of both her family and that of Velázquez. [8]

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17 Hernán Cortés Conquers Aztecs A. The Aztecs thought Cortés was a * They called him B. Cortés headed to Mexico with: He is credited with allowing the Spanish and Cortés to march into the Aztec lands. The Aztec people thought Cortés was an incarnation, living god, of Quetzalcoatl returning from the East to retake his lands as told in legend.

18 How did the Spaniards do it? A. Spanish had and B. Spanish also carried diseases such as that killed off many Aztecs and other natives. Smallpox vaccine Smallpox victim

19 Francisco Pizarro ~ the Conquistador Born: 1475 to 1541 Leader of the Spanish invasion into Peru and conqueror of the

20 Pizarro The unquestioned leader of the conquest of the Inca was Francisco Pizarro, illiterate Spaniard who at one time had herded the family's pigs. Pizarro was uneducated, but clever enough to exploit the weaknesses he swiftly identified in the Inca. Pizarro had help, however: his four brothers, Hernando, Gonzalo, Francisco Martín and Juan. With four lieutenants that he could fully trust. In addition he (and his brothers) partnered with Pedro de Almagro to take on the logistics of the conquest

21 Pizarro Pizarro was able to destroy the Empire and rein in the greedy, unruly conquistadors at the same time. All of the Pizarro s became wealthy, taking such a large share of the profits that eventually it sparked a civil war among the conquistadors over this wealth.

22 Pizarro Conquers Incans A. Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru to Pizarro headed into Cuzco with: The Inca-Spanish confrontation in the Battle of Cajamara left thousands of natives dead

23 Conquest or die! The 160 or so conquistadors who participated in the original expedition became wealthy beyond their wildest dreams, rewarded with treasure, land, and slaves. This inspired thousands of poor Europeans to move to South America and try their luck. Before long, desperate, ruthless men were arriving to the small towns and ports of the New World. A rumor began to grow of a mountain kingdom, richer than even the Inca had been, somewhere in northern South America. Thousands of men set out in dozens of expeditions to find the legendary kingdom of El Dorado, but it was only an illusion and never existed except in the fevered imaginations of the gold-hungry men who so desperately wanted to believe it.

24 Colonization [p ] A. By 1600s Spain claimed land throughout much of the Americas B. The Catholic church sent missionaries to the Americas to C. Other Europeans came to look for and

25 A. The Spaniards built their capital, Mexico City, on the ruins of

26 A. The Spaniards built their capital, Mexico City, on the ruins of

27 A. The Spaniards built their capital, Mexico City, on the ruins of Mexico City today

28 Spain Organizes its Empire Viceroyality (or province) of New Spain 3. = Capital of the Viceroyality of New Spain

29 Spain Organizes its Empire Viceroyality (or province) of New Spain 3. = Capital of the Viceroyality of New Spain 1. Each province was called a 2. The King of Spain appointed to rule over each Viceroyality (provinces) of Spain s two new territories.

30 Viceroyality of Peru Lima = Capital

31 Colonial Trade The Columbian exchang A. Spain wanted complete control over all trade, also known as a. B. Ships traveling from Cuba to Spain faced dangerous.

32 A. Name a few animals that were imported from Spain into the Spanish Colonies Which animal had the greatest potential for change in its new home in the America s? WHY is that?

33 A person s success in life often depended on their Define this term here:

34 SOCIAL CLASSES IN LATIN AMERICA 1. = born in Spain 2. = born in the colonies -Own land -- have slaves -- good jobs 3. = mixed Indian & European (Spanish) 4. = mixed black and white (European) - worked the land -- were the servants -- did not own land -craftspeople 5. Indians (native people) =,,

35 Living in Colonial Latin America A) When the encomienda system ended, good land in the Spanish colonies was held in estates called B) Hacienda owners controlled their workers through a system of debt peonage.

36 Spain's "New World" Empire Grew