American History Unit 1: Age of Exploration (Part 02)

Transcription

1 American History Unit 1: Age of Exploration (Part 02)

2 Christopher Columbus I. Christopher Columbus A. Born near Genoa, Italy in Expert navigator. B. Columbus had a radical idea. 1. Thought the world was round, not flat. 2. Planned to sail west to the Far East. a. The Far East (Asia) had spices. 1a. Essential for preserving food and making it taste better. II. Columbus had no money and sought help from other countries. A. Rejected by King John II of Portugal in B. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain approved the voyage in 1489, but Columbus had to wait until Spain s war with the Moors was over. (1492) King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

3 Columbus Plan vs. Reality Columbus Plan: The world as Columbus had envisioned before his first voyage. Reality: The world was bigger than Columbus had thought. About 6,000 miles more.

4 Columbus' First Voyage to the New World I. Columbus was granted three ships for the voyage by Queen Isabella. A. Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. B. Obtained crew from Spanish prisons. II. Columbus First Trip. A. Columbus found land on October 12, 1492 B. The world was about 6,000 miles bigger than he thought. C. Established a base called La Navidad in Hispaniola. 1. Modern-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic. D. Columbus called the natives he encountered, Indians. 1. Thought he had sailed to the East Indies. E. Returned to Spain a hero. F. Columbus' success triggered a great rivalry between Spain and Portugal.

5 Columbus' Other Voyages to the New World III. Columbus Second Trip. A. Returned to the New World in Columbus returned with fifteen ships and over 1000 sailors with him. B. Established a new colony called La Isabella. 1. Discovered Dominica, Guadalupe, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica. IV. Columbus Third Trip. A. Discovered Venezuela, Trinidad, and Margarita. 1. NO GOLD DISCOVERED B. King and Queen of Spain upset and placed Columbus under arrest. 1. Sent back to Spain in chains, but was acquitted. V. Columbus Fourth and last trip to the New World. A. Goal was to circumnavigate the entire globe. B. Searched for the Westward Passage 1. Way around the New World to Asia didn t exist. C. Columbus was arrested again and sent back to Spain. 1. This time for good.

6 Voyages of Columbus: Map

7 Death of Columbus VI. Columbus died a broken-hearted and poor man. A. Columbus was still convinced he had sailed to India. B. King of Spain revoked his titles and admiral s rights. C. Columbus died on May 20, 1506

8 Columbian Exchange: Diagram #1

9 EUROPE RECEIVED COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AMERICAS RECEIVED FOOD FOOD CORN, WHITE POTATOES, PUMPKINS, TOMATOES, CACAO, STRAWBERRIES, QUININE, TOBACCO SUGAR, WHEAT, RICE, CITRUS FRUITS, TEA, COFFEE, BANANAS, OKRA, BARLEY, OATS, WINE GRAPES ANIMALS ANIMALS TURKEYS, GUINEA PIGS, RATTLESNAKES, BUFFALO, RACCOONS HORSES, CHICKENS, PIGS, COWS, GOATS, SHEEP, RATS, OXEN DISEASES DISEASES SYPHILIS SMALLPOX, MEASLES, INFLUENZA RELIGION CHRISTIANITY WEAPONS AND TOOLS GUNS AND IRON TOOLS

10 New World Gets a Name I. Amerigo Vespucci A. German mapmaker names these new lands on maps in Vespucci's honor.

11 Spanish Explorers: Balboa I. Balboa: discovered the Isthmus of Panama in A. Called the "Narrow Place B. The Spanish are now certain they are not in Asia. Balboa: Discovered the Isthmus of Panama. He was later executed by the Spanish government for treason and piracy.

12 Spanish Explorers: Magellan I. Magellan: First to attempt to sail around the world A. Magellan was Portuguese, his crew was Spanish and they constantly plotted mutiny. B. Magellan s died in the Philippines. 1. Crew abandoned Magellan on shore as islanders approached and killed him. C. Only one ship, the Victoria, returned to Spain with only eighteen men who survived. 1. The remainder died of starvation or illnesses, some were eaten by the survivors.

13 Aztecs of Mexico I. Aztecs fought wars to capture prisoners, who would later be sacrificed to their gods. II. The Aztecs were conquered by the Spanish under Cortes. A. "White God" legend. 1. Thought the Spaniards were returning gods. B. The name of the Aztec leader was Montezuma C. Spaniards had armor, horses (never seen by Indians before) which they believed were dragons, muskets (thunder sticks), swords, and cannons. a. Aztecs could shoot twenty arrows before the Spaniards could reload, but the loud blast and smoke frightened the Aztec warriors.

14 Aztecs of Mexico (Cont.)

15 Aztecs of Mexico (Cont.) Hernando Cortés Meets with Montezuma Hernando Cortés

16 Conquest of the Aztecs

17 Incas of Peru I. Pizarro conquered the Incas in the name of Spain in A. Atahualpa, the Incan leader was captured during a peace conference with Pizzaro. B. He was ransomed for a room full of gold. 1. After the ransom was paid by the Incans, Atahualpa was murdered. Pizzaro: Conquered the mighty Incan Empire with only 175 men and 27 horses.

18 Incas of Peru: Map

19 Incas of Peru (Cont.) Atahualpa was originally going to be burned alive at the stake, but after he converted to Christianity, he was strangled. Incan brain surgery was primitive, but set the way for modern brain surgery. Incans believed migraine headaches were caused by evil spirits and drilled holes in peoples heads so the evil spirits could get out. What they didn t realize was that the holes relieved the pressure from brain swelling.

20 Spain Searches North America for Gold I. Conquistador means conqueror. II. All of the Indians' gold flows to Spain and Spain grew rich. A. Spanish were very cruel. 1. Robbed and enslaved the Indians. B. Spain attempted to keep other European nations from getting the gold. 1. Spanish navy transported the gold back to Spain. Spanish Gold: It s hard to imagine the amount of gold that Spain took out of Mexico and Peru. One report gives us some idea. On September 13, 1583, the Spanish fleet arrived from Spanish India (Latin America). The boats carried gold worth about $15 million in Spanish money. They left another million in Havana because the load was too heavy for the ships. Imagine so much gold it threatened to sink the ships.

21 Spain Searches North America for Gold The Spanish Controlled a huge empire in the Americas for over 300 years.

22 Spain controlled most of South and Central America, much of the Caribbean, and parts of North America. However territory that large was difficult to control and therefore was open to attack. Other European countries had seen the riches brought back by Spain and were eager to stake a claim.

23 Encomienda

24 Treaty of Tordesillas I. Directed by the Pope A. Portugal received title to eastern South America and Brazil. B. Spain was given free rights to rest of the "New World." C. The Roman Catholic Church hoped to settle problem, but England and France demanded rights to the "New World." *The Treaty of Tordesillas is the reason why Spanish is the dominate language in Central and South America while Portuguese is spoken in Brazil.

25 Age of Exploration (Part 03) Review: 1. Who was Columbus, what did he set out to accomplish, what country financed his voyages? 2. Explain the Columbian Exchange. 3. Who was Amerigo Vespucci? 4. What did the Spanish explorer Balboa discover? 5. Who was Magellan and what did he accomplish? 6. Describe the Aztec Empire. How did Cortez and 600 men conquer this mighty empire? 7. What Spanish explorer conquered the Incan Empire and how did he do it? 8. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas and what were its effects?