ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL SEASON SUMMARY

Transcription

1 ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL SEASON SUMMARY 2014 The weather conditions for the month of April and beginning of May were slightly cool. Night temperatures ranged from just above freezing to 5 C. The ground frost was melted by end of April but soil temperatures remained cool. Throughout the month of May the air temperatures fluctuated. One week the air temperatures would be slightly below average and the next week slightly above. Ideal soil moisture level made land preparation easy because the lack of any substantial rain falls at the preparation time. In the marsh, the bulk of the onion seeding occurred in the first full week of May. Dry conditions the first week of May allowed for a nice seed bed to be prepared for seeding. Air temperatures where slightly above average the second week of May which encouraged germination. Throughout the growing season a significant rainfall occurred approximately every two weeks, which decreased the need for irrigation. Sunshine was the one factor that was slightly lacking through the entire growing season. Compared to the previous 10 year averages, air temperatures in 2014 were average for May (13.8 C), June (19.4 C), August (19.2 C) and September (15.7 C), and below average for July (19.2 C). The 10 year average temperatures are: May 13.2 C, June 18.5 C, July 20.9 C, August 19.5 C and September 15.6 C. Monthly rainfall was below the 10 year average for May (58 mm), July (92 mm) and August (63 mm), above average for June (88 mm) and September (113 mm). The 10 year rainfall averages are: May 71 mm, June 71 mm, July 95 mm, August 73 mm and September 76 mm. The variety trial was seeded on May 6 and 7, a few days later than desired. A few days of light showers (May 13-16) helped keep the soil moist which aided germination. Day time temperatures for the first week after seeding were above seasonal mid-twenties ( o C) followed by seasonal temperatures which resulted in an even emergence of the onion crop. However, night temperatures were cool and slowed emergence and slightly reduced vigour. The onions established well but growth was a little less then desired for most of the spring. A significant rain fall on June 17 (44 mm) created slightly flooded conditions which had a detrimental effect on the onions. The onions were irrigated only once during season. Irrigation water was applied on July 23 (1") to compensate for the lack of rainfall before and after the second side dressing of fertilizer. Plant growth was near normal for most of the season but the slight lack of sunshine throughout the growing season seemed to have an effect on leaf colour and the amount of leaf tissue. In the month of July, the onions had a growth spurt and leaf volume increased. Bulb development appeared not to be adversely effected by the season and was better than the last few years. Early herbicide applications were carefully applied with a watchful eye on night temperature. Prowl H2O was applied on June 12, followed by a significant rain fall on June 17 (44 mm). This heavy rainfall may have slightly reduced the effectiveness of the herbicide. A second application of Prowl H2O in late June provided good weed control for the rest of the season. However, the trial was still handweeded several times throughout the summer months. At the Muck Crops Research Station, onion maggot emergence did not occurred until late May, slightly later than last year. There was a steady climb in fly numbers until the first generation peak of 7 flies/trap/day was reached on June 16. This first generation peak was almost half the number compared to last year. The second and third generation peaks were 8.5 and 11 flies/trap/day respectively. The third /continued

2 ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL SEASON SUMMARY continued generation peak was surprisingly high and resulted in a higher percentage of onion maggot damage observed in the variety trial during evaluation. Thrips pressure was low in 2014, and numbers were kept well within the economical threshold of 0.5 thrips/leaf for the entire season with timely sprays. Weather conditions through the growing season were favourable for leaf diseases. The Downy Mildew Forecasting System (DOWNCAST) predicted the possibility of disease development a few times and downy mildew was found in a few fields in the marsh late in the season, but with timely fungicide applications, downy mildew never became an issue in the variety trial. Botrytis leaf blight was first observed in the marsh in June, and with a regular spray program remained at manageable levels. No onions with bacterial rot were found within the variety trial. Stemphylium leaf blight was present in and around the station but was keep at manageable levels. Favourable conditions in July and August led to moderate, steady bulb growth. The majority of lodging took place over a four week period. Some of the later maturing varieties struggled slightly to meet full maturity in September. Cultivars Alpine and Highlander were the first to lodge, beginning July 30. It took approximately four weeks for the majority (75%) of the cultivars to reach 85% lodged. The average days to harvest for the 2014 season (108 days) was longer compared to 2012 (99 days) and 2011 (103 days) but shorter than 2013 (114 days). Onion tops were slow to dry down. Seeders were found in the trial but at low levels for most cultivars. A sample of each cultivar was pulled for judging and comparison for Grower Field Day on September 4. By Grower Field Day, most cultivars had lodged with tops between 40-60% desiccated. At harvest, which was delayed until October 1, the tops still had a little moisture in the neck, resulting in only fair neck finishes. A harvest sample of each cultivar was placed in storage on October 31 and cured artificially for approximately 24 hours to remove any field moisture. At evaluation in November, yields were above average. The majority of the onion bulbs were in the 3-2½" size range for most cultivars. The trial average for the percentage of jumbos (>3" diameter) was 23.5% which is approximately a 10% increase in jumbo averages compared the last three years ( %). Stand counts averaged 7.1 plants per foot which is slightly lower than the desired level of approximately 8 to 9 plants per foot. The number of culls increased slightly with the cause being either rot or doubles. The trial had a fair to good percentage of marketable onions. Skin quality was improved compared to the last few years with most cultivars having good ratings on skin attachment. Skin thickness remained in the average range for most cultivars. This year onion skins were a richer darker colour compared to the past years. Greening of the outer scales, along with yellow or white speckling on the outer skins, was very limited similar to 2012 and The neck finish was good on most cultivars. Some cultivars had a dry but slightly rough neck finish. The onions stayed quite firm from harvest to evaluation. Uniformity of shape was very uneven and rated average to poor for most cultivars. Maggot damage to onion bulbs ranged from 2.3% to 51.2% in the evaluation samples. This was a large jump in percent damage compared to previous years. The high onion maggot population of the third generation peak resulted in a higher percent damage to the harvested onion. Most of the onion maggot damage found was pin holes or feeding around the basel plate, and in most cases the onion would still be marketable. The trial maggot damage average of 15.6% was a large increase compared to the last 5 years.

3 ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL 2014 MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES Fertilizer: 90 kg/ha Nitrogen (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ) kg/ha Phosphorous (MAP ) kg/ha Potassium (SOP ) kg/ha K Mag (0-0-22) + 5 kg/ha Copper (99% Cu) was worked into the soil. A side dressing of 15 kg/ha Nitrogen (34-0-0) + 15 kg/ha Phosphorous (MAP ) + 25 kg/ha of Potassium (SOP ) kg /ha Cal-U- Sol was applied on 17 June. A second side dressing of 5 kg/ha Nitrogen (34-0-0) + 50 kg/ha of Potassium (SOP ) + 30 kg/ha of K-Mag (0-0-22) kg /ha Cal-U-Sol was applied on 22 July. Seeded: All trials were seeded on 6 and 7 May. Pelletized onion seed was seeded with a Stanhay Precision Seeder. Raw onion seed was seeded with a V- Belt seeder equipped with a 5 cm wide scatter shoe. Row spacing was 43 cm. The raw seed was coated with PRO GRO at 60 g/2.3 kg seed plus methyl cellulose at 100 ml/2.3 kg seed. LORSBAN 15G was applied at 18.5 kg/ha plus DITHANE DG at 8.8 kg/ha in the seed furrow. The Main Trial was replicated three times. Weed Control: Pre-emergence: Post-emergence: 1 application: PARDNER 250 ml/ha and GOAL at 150 ml/ha 14 May. 2 applications: PROWL H L/ha on 12 June and 2.3L/ha on 23 June. 1 application: PARDNER at 105 ml/ha + GOAL at 70 ml/ha and Manganese at 2.0 kg/ha on 7 June. Minor Elements: Six foliar sprays: Supafeed on 5 & 10 July (2.0 kg/ha), 18 & 24 July, 6 August (3.0 kg/ha) and 15 August (4.0 kg/ha) Five foliar sprays: Calcimax on 5 & 10 July (2.0 L/ha), 18 & 24 July, 6 August (3.0 L/ha) Four foliar sprays: Alexin on 31 July, 6, 15 & 22 August (4.0 L/ha) Four foliar sprays: Boron Max on 31 July, 6, 15 & 22 August (1.0 L/ha) Three foliar sprays: Zinc Max on 9 & 20 June (2.0 L/ha) and 18 July (3.0L/ha) Three foliar sprays: Mag Max on 10 July (2.0L/ha), 24 July (2.5 L/ha) and 5 July (3.0 L/ha) Three foliar sprays: Manganese Sulfate on 20 June & 10 July (2.0 kg/ha) and 24 July (3.0 kg/ha) Two foliar sprays: on 9 June (2.0 kg/ha) and 20 June (2.5 kg/ha) Two foliar sprays: Copper Max on 18 July (1.0L/ha) and 6 August (1.5 L/ha) Two foliar sprays: Mancozin on 31 July (2.0 L/ha) and 15 August (3.0 L/ha) Two foliar sprays: TrioMax on 10 July (2.0L/ha) and 24 July (3.0L/ha) One foliar spray: Epsom Salt on 31 July (2.0 kg/ha).../continued

4 ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL continued Insect and Disease Control: According to IPM recommendations. DITHANE DG at 2.25 kg/ha and Minor Elements on 20 June. DITHANE DG at 2.25 kg/ha + BRAVO at 1.2 L/ha and Minor Elements on 10 July. PRISTINE WG at 1.3 kg/ha + DELEGATE at 336 g/ha and Minor Elements on 18 July. QUADRIS TOP at 1.1 L/ha + MOVENTO at 365 ml/ha and Minor Elements on 24 July. RIDOMIL MZ 2.25 kg/ha + DIBROM at 550 ml/ha and Minor Elements on 31 July. PRISTINE WG at 1.3 kg/ha and Minor Elements on 6 August. DITHANE DG at 2.25 kg/ha + DIBROM at 550 ml/ha and Minor Elements on 15 August. RIDOMIL MZ 2.5 kg/ha on 18 August. DITHANE DG at 2.25 kg/ha and Minor Elements on 22 August. Harvest: The Main Trial was pulled on 8, 9, 15 & 16 September and topped on 1 October. The trial was placed in a forced air and temperature controlled storage 31 October. The trial was cured for 48 hours (25 o C, minimum 65% RH). After curing the temperature was lowered 5 o C per week until 0 o C was attained. Sprout Inhibition: Royal MH 30 XTRA at 8.63 l/ha in 550 L/ha water on 21, 22 & 29 August and 9 September. EVALUATION PROCEDURES The cultivars were evaluated November after 2 weeks in storage. # Bulbs Harvested: Total number of onions harvested from 4.66 m of row. Harvest Weight: Weights from the harvested 4.66 m of row..../continued

5 ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL continued Marketable Yield B/A: Number of onions > 76 mm (> 3"), 76 mm to 64 mm (3" to 2 ½") and 64 mm to 32 mm (2 ½" to 1¼"). Majority of Culls: D = Double PW = Pee Wee R = Rot OC = Off Colours S = Seeders SP = Sprouts Shape: HG = High Globe FG = Flatten Globe G = Globe Sp = Spindle TD = Tear Drop T = Top Colour: LG = Light Golden G = Golden DG = Dark Golden LC = Light Copper C = Copper DC = Dark Copper DR = Dark Red Skin Thickness: 10.0 = Most Desirable 7.5 = Good 6.0 = Average Skinning: 10.0 = Most Desirable, skins well attached 7.5 = Good, skins have a few small cracks 6.0 = Average, skins have cracks but still attached Overall Score: Based on quality and general appearance. Score: The average of nine marks at evaluation from Uniformity of Shape to Firmness. Average Weight/Bulb (g): The total weight in grams of all bulbs divided by the total number of bulbs. A bulb 51 mm (2") in diameter weighs approximately 70 g. A bulb 57 mm (2¼") in diameter weighs approximately 100 g. A bulb 64 mm (2½") in diameter weighs approximately 135 g. Days to Harvest: Numbers of days from seeding until 85% of the tops were down. Percent Onion Maggot Damage: Percent of onions damaged by onion maggot ranging from pin hole to completely unmarketable that were found in the 4.66 m harvest sample..../continued

6 ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL continued Top Height (cm): The average length of 20 random onion tops from the all three replicates from the ground to the tips as taken on 29 July. 50 cm is equal to 20 inches. Leaf Shape: B = Leaves are bent or hanging U = Up right leaves, straight Seeders: Average number of seeders found in each cultivar of 20m of row. Irrigation: Irrigation water was applied once on 23 July (1") to wash in the side dressing of 22 July.

7 Cultivar Source # Bulbs Harvested Total Harvest Weight (kg) Wgt. Jumbo > 76 mm (kg) Wgt. Large mm (kg) Wgt. Medium mm (kg) Marketable Yield B/A % Marketable Majority of Culls % Single Centers ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL PATTERSON BEJO 125 a* a c-f 96.8 a PW 30.0 c-f FORTRESS Sto 114 a-g ab c-j 96.5 a R 23.3 d-h FRONTIER Tak 125 ab abc d-j 95.5 ab R 6.7 ghi TREKKER Tak 122 abc b-e d-j 95.1 ab PW 3.3 hi CRUISER UNF 117 a-e d-h h-l 94.0 abc PW 76.7 a HAMLET Sto 110 a-g b-f bc 93.6 abc PW 36.7 cd LA SALLE Sto 108 a-g c-g c-g 93.5 a-d PW 33.3 cde SCORPION Cro 113 a-g d-h e-k 92.6 a-e PW 60.0 ab TRAIL BLAZER Tak 123 abc bcd c-i 92.4 a-f R 0.0 i SV 7904 Sem 112 a-g d-g c-i 92.3 a-f R 26.7 c-g Listed in order of % Marketable..../ continued * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test.

8 Cultivar Source # Bulbs Harvested Total Harvest Weight (kg) Wgt. Jumbo > 76 mm (kg) Wgt. Large mm (kg) Wgt. Medium mm (kg) Marketable Yield B/A % Marketable Majority of Culls % Single Centers ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued PRINCE BEJO 112 a-g* e-i bcd 92.2 a-f R, PW 6.7 ghi CHAMP (SS 1104) Sol 101 d-h d-h c-j 92.1 a-g D,R,PW 26.7 c-g SAFRANE BEJO 121 abc bcd ab 91.7 a-g R 13.3 e-i BRADDOCK BEJO 115 a-f d-h c-f 91.6 a-g D 3.3 hi NORSTAR Tak 122 abc b-f klm 89.9 a-h R 6.7 ghi MILESTONE Tak 95 f-j j c-g 88.5 a-h R 23.3 d-h CROCKETT BEJO 124 abc d-h b-e 88.4 a-i R 30.0 c-f MADRAS BEJO 115 a-f ghi a 88.4 a-i PW 30.0 c-f HENDRIX BCSVS 123 abc e-i i-l 88.3 a-h R 26.7 c-g STANLEY Sol 107 a-g g-j c-i 88.1 a-i D 6.7 ghi Listed in order of % Marketable..../ continued * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test.

9 Cultivar Source # Bulbs Harvested Total Harvest Weight (kg) Wgt. Jumbo > 76 mm (kg) Wgt. Large mm (kg) Wgt. Medium mm (kg) Marketable Yield B/A % Marketable Majority of Culls % Single Centers ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued SV 9694 Sem 115 a-f* d-h bcd 87.8 a-i R, S 33.3 cde PONTIAC Cro 107 a-g f-i c-j 87.5 a-i R 60.0 ab SV 4252 Sem 105 b-h ij e-k 86.3 b-i R 46.7 bc GENESIS Sol 104 c-h g-j j-m 85.9 b-i D 6.7 ghi SV 3314 Sem 111 a-g g-j d-j 84.4 c-i R 10.0 f-i ALPINE Tak 111 a-g g-j lm 83.5 d-i R 13.3 e-i HIGHLANDER Tak 125 a f-i g-l 83.0 e-i D 0.0 i ASCENT Tak 120 a-d g-j n 82.5 f-i PW 23.3 d-h CORONA BEJO 121 abc ij c-h 82.1 ghi D 3.3 hi JETT BCSVS 109 a-g hij mn 81.0 hi R 13.3 e-i Listed in order of % Marketable..../ continued * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test.

10 Cultivar Source # Bulbs Harvested Total Harvest Weight (kg) Wgt. Jumbo > 76 mm (kg) Wgt. Large mm (kg) Wgt. Medium mm (kg) Marketable Yield B/A % Marketable Majority of Culls % Single Centers ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued SEDONA BEJO 115 a-f* f-i g-l 78.6 i R 46.7 bc BUENA VISTA EZ 111 a-g k n 66.8 j PW 3.3 hi BSLY 016 Toz 72 k k op 57.2 jk R 20.0 d-i SHERMAN BEJO 86 h-k k f-k 56.8 k D 3.3 hi BSLR 0012 Toz 97 e-i k op 55.8 k D 3.3 hi BSIY 007 Toz 94 g-j k o 52.7 k R 6.7 ghi BSLW 13 Toz 42 l k pq 38.6 l D 15.0 d-i BSIY 008 Toz 79 ijk k opq 37.3 l R 26.7 c-g BSLY 010 Toz 77 jk k q 31.9 l R 0.0 i Trial Average Listed in order of % Marketable..../ continued * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test.

11 Cultivar Source Shape Uniformity of Shape Uniformity of Size Colour Colour Rating Skin Thickness Skinning Neck Finish Overall Score Score ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued PATTERSON BEJO G G a-d* 9.3 ab 7.0 e-h a FORTRESS Sto HG DG c-g 9.0 abc 6.0 hij a-h FRONTIER Tak G DG c-g 9.0 abc 8.3 bcd a-f TREKKER Tak G DG ab 8.7 a-d 7.7 def a CRUISER UNF G G f-i 8.3 b-e 6.3 g-j f-j HAMLET Sto HG DG a-d 9.7 a 7.7 def abc LA SALLE Sto HG DG a-e 9.0 abc 7.3 d-g b-h SCORPION Cro HG G d-h 9.3 ab 6.7 f-i abc TRAIL BLAZER Tak G G b-f 8.0 c-f 9.0 abc abc SV 7904 Sem G DG hi 8.7 a-d 8.0 cde d-i Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test..../ continued

12 Cultivar Source Shape Uniformity of Shape Uniformity of Size Colour Colour Rating Skin Thickness Skinning Neck Finish Overall Score Score ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued PRINCE BEJO G G a-e* 7.0 fgh 5.7 ijk b-h CHAMP (SS 1104) Sol G DG a-e 9.3 ab 7.7 def abc SAFRANE BEJO G G c-g 9.0 abc 6.3 g-j a-d BRADDOCK BEJO G G c-g 9.0 abc 6.3 g-j a-g NORSTAR Tak MIX LG ghi 6.0 hij 9.3 ab d-i MILESTONE Tak HGSP G b-f 9.0 abc 6.0 hij d-i CROCKETT BEJO G DG c-g 9.3 ab 4.7 kl c-h MADRAS BEJO HG G f-i 9.7 a 7.7 def a-e HENDRIX BCSVS FG G ghi 7.3 efg 7.7 def e-i STANLEY Sol G G a 9.3 ab 7.2 efg ab Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test..../ continued

13 Cultivar Source Shape Uniformity of Shape Uniformity of Size Colour Colour Rating Skin Thickness Skinning Neck Finish Overall Score Score ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued SV 9694 Sem G G ghi* 6.7 f-i 6.3 g-j h-m PONTIAC Cro G G e-h 8.3 b-e 5.3 jk g-l SV 4252 Sem FG DG e-h 9.0 abc 7.2 efg g-l GENESIS Sol G G c-g 8.3 b-e 7.5 def d-i SV 3314 Sem FG DG d-h 7.7 def 6.0 hij f-k ALPINE Tak G LG a-e 4.0 k 9.7 a f-j HIGHLANDER Tak SP LG ghi 5.3 j 9.3 ab d-i ASCENT Tak G LG b-f 2.0 l 10.0 a i-m CORONA BEJO G LG ghi 7.0 fgh 5.7 ijk klm JETT BCSVS G G d-h 6.7 f-i 7.7 def h-m Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test..../ continued

14 Cultivar Source Shape Uniformity of Shape Uniformity of Size Colour Colour Rating Skin Thickness Skinning Neck Finish Overall Score Score ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued SEDONA BEJO SPG G ghi 8.3 b-e 5.3 jk f-k BUENA VISTA EZ TD DG abc 6.7 f-i 7.3 d-g f-j BSLY 016 Toz TD DG a-e 7.7 def 4.0 lm j-m SHERMAN BEJO FG G c-g 8.0 c-f 7.3 d-g f-k BSLR 0012 Toz THF PR e-h 5.7 ij 4.0 lm m BSIY 007 Toz G G b-f 6.3 g-j 7.3 d-g i-m BSLW 13 Toz MIX W i 5.0 jk 3.0 m n BSIY 008 Toz G DG e-h 8.0 c-f 5.7 ijk lm BSLY 010 Toz TD DG d-h 8.0 b-f 3.0 m i-m Trial Average Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test..../ continued

15 Cultivar Source Firmness at Harvest Firmness Average Weight/Bulb (g) Stand/Foot Days to Harvest % Onion Maggot Damage % Jumbo > 76 mm Tops Height (cm) Seeders Leaf Shape Leaf Colour ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued PATTERSON BEJO a-d* e-m 8.2 a a-e 16.6 l-p U BG FORTRESS Sto d-g d-l 7.5 a-f a-d 16.6 l-p U G FRONTIER Tak b-f h-n 8.2 abc ab 17.7 i-m B LG TREKKER Tak d-g g-m 8.0 a-d abc 20.7 g-k U G CRUISER UNF fgh k-o 7.7 a-e a-d 14.2 k-o U G HAMLET Sto b-e bcd 7.2 a-h efg 29.5 d-h U LG LA SALLE Sto d-g c-g 7.1 a-h b-f 28.7 d-h U G SCORPION Cro a-d e-l 7.4 a-g a-e 19.9 h-l B BG TRAIL BLAZER Tak b-f f-m 8.0 abc a-f 24.3 f-j U G SV 7904 Sem e-h d-j 7.3 a-h c-g 28.8 d-h U G Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test..../ continued

16 Cultivar Source Firmness at Harvest Firmness Average Weight/Bulb (g) Stand/Foot Days to Harvest % Onion Maggot Damage % Jumbo > 76 mm Tops Height (cm) Seeders Leaf Shape Leaf Colour ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued PRINCE BEJO abc* bcd 7.3 a-h a-e 39.4 abc U G CHAMP (SS 1104) Sol ab bcd 6.6 e-i gh 37.4 a-d U G SAFRANE BEJO a bcd 7.9 a-d a-e 33.7 b-f B BG BRADDOCK BEJO fgh c-g 7.5 a-f abc 29.6 d-h U BG NORSTAR Tak ghi l-p 8.0 a-d a-d 9.6 m-p B G MILESTONE Tak hij bc 6.2 g-j a-e 41.3 ab U G CROCKETT BEJO a d-i 8.1 abc a-d 30.3 c-g U G MADRAS BEJO fgh b 7.5 a-f a 45.1 a U BG HENDRIX BCSVS d-g k-o 8.0 abc fgh 21.2 g-k U BG STANLEY Sol abc bcd 7.0 c-h d-g 35.1 b-e U BG Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test..../ continued

17 Cultivar Source Firmness at Harvest Firmness Average Weight/Bulb (g) Stand/Foot Days to Harvest % Onion Maggot Damage % Jumbo > 76 mm Tops Height (cm) Seeders Leaf Shape Leaf Colour ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued SV 9694 Sem d-g b-e 7.5 a-f a-e 30.2 c-g U G PONTIAC Cro fgh c-f 7.0 b-h b-g 29.0 d-h U G SV 4252 Sem fgh c-h 6.9 d-h a-f 32.7 b-f U G GENESIS Sol a-d d-k 6.8 d-h a-e 26.7 e-i U BG SV 3314 Sem e-h c-f 7.3 a-h b-g 31.7 b-f U BG ALPINE Tak j i-n 7.3 a-h a-d 20.4 h-l U BG HIGHLANDER Tak ij e-m 8.2 ab abc 14.8 j-o U BG ASCENT Tak ghi p 7.8 a-d a-d 7.4 op U BG CORONA BEJO ghi c-f 7.9 a-d a-f 30.2 c-g B G JETT BCSVS b-e l-o 7.1 a-h fgh 17.2 i-n U LG Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test.

18 Cultivar Source Firmness at Harvest Firmness Average Weight/Bulb (g) Stand/Foot Days to Harvest % Onion Maggot Damage % Jumbo > 76 mm Tops Height (cm) Seeders Leaf Shape Leaf Colour ONION CULTIVAR MAIN TRIAL continued SEDONA BEJO e-h* d-j 7.5 a-f b-g 26.9 e-i B G BUENA VISTA EZ c-g nop 7.3 a-h c-g 15.6 j-o U G BSLY 016 Toz d-g m-p 4.7 kl k 12.6 k-p U LG SHERMAN BEJO fgh a 5.6 ijk a-f 33.1 b-f B G BSLR 0012 Toz b-e op 6.4 f-i hi 8.6 m-p B G BSIY 007 Toz c-g l-p 6.2 hij jk 10.7 l-p U G BSLW 13 Toz d-h j-o 4.2 l ij 15.4 j-o B G BSIY 008 Toz d-g k-o 5.1 jkl jk 7.9 nop U LG BSLY 010 Toz b-g op 5.1 jkl k 4.0 p U G Trial Average Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD Test..../ continued

19 MAIN ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES Patterson: Nice appearance, Good tight neck finish, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Nice skin quality, Colour fairly even, Odd greening of scales, Nice packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Nice firm onion, Medium run size, Small hollowness in center (20-30%), Longer term storage onion. Fortress: Average appearance, Average neck finish but a bit rough, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Colour slightly uneven, Some yellowing on skins, Average to good packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Average firmness but a little uneven, Medium run size, Size a little uneven, Multiple centers (10%), Mid to longer term storage onion. Frontier: Good appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Odd one with skin rot, Colour slightly uneven, Some greening of scales, Good to nice packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Good firmness but a little uneven, Medium run size, Multiple centers (10%), Mid to longer term storage onion. Trekker: Cruiser: Good appearance, Good tight neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Thick skin, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Colour even, Some white spots on skins, Good packer, Uniformity of shape even, Firm onion, Firmness even, Medium run size but a little uneven, Multiple centers (20%), Mid to longer term storage onion. Average appearance, Average tight neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Average skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Odd one with skin rot, Colour a little uneven, Odd greening of scales, Average packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average firmness, Small to medium run size but uneven, A little mechanical damage, Early to mid storage onion. Hamlet: Good appearance, Good tight neck finish, Medium sized necks, Average to thick skins, Nice skin quality, Colour a little uneven, Some yellowing on skins, Good packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Good firm & solid onion, Medium to large run size but a little uneven, Mid to longer term storage onion.... / continued

20 MAIN ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES continued La Salle: Scorpion: Trail Blazer: Good appearance, Good tight neck finish, Medium sized necks, Thick skin, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Colour slightly uneven, Odd greening of scales, Odd yellowing on skins, Good packer, Uniformity of shape very uneven, Good firmness but uneven, Large run size but uneven, Small hollowness in center (10-40%), Mid to longer term storage onion. Nice appearance, Average to good neck finish but a little rough, Small and medium sized necks uneven, Average to thick skins, Nice skin quality, Colour even, Some yellowing on skins, Good to nice packer, Uniformity of shape even, Good firm onion, Firmness even, Large run size but a little uneven, Longer term storage onion. Nice appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Average skin thickness, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Some skin rot, Colour a little uneven, Some greening of scales, Nice packer, Uniformity of shape a little even, Good firm onion, Firmness even, Medium run size, Multiple centers (10%), Mid storage onion. SV 7904: Average to good appearance, Good neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Average skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Colour a little uneven, Odd yellowing on skins, Average packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Average firmness, Medium to large run size but a little uneven, Small hollowness in center (30-50%), Multiple centers (20%), Mid storage onion. Prince: Average appearance, Average neck finish a bit rough, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Average skin quality, Some skin cracking, Some skin rot, Colour slightly uneven, Average packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Good firm onion, Firmness even, Medium to larger run size, Longer term storage onion. Champ: Good appearance, Good tight neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Thick skin, Pretty good skin quality, Colour a little uneven, Odd greening of scales, Good packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Good firm onion, Firmness even, Medium to large run size, Multiple centers (10-20%), Longer term storage onion.... / continued

21 MAIN ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES continued Safrane: Good appearance, Average neck finish some bit rough, Medium & large sized necks, Average to thick skins, Nice skin quality, Colour even, Odd yellowing on skins, Good packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Nice firm & solid onion, Firmness even, Large run size, Multiple centers (10-50%), Longer term storage onion. Braddock: Norstar: Good appearance, Good neck finish odd a bit rough, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Pretty good skin quality, Colour even, Some yellowing on skins, Good packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average firmness, Firmness even, Medium to large run size, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (20-50%), Mid storage onion. Average appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Thin skin, Fair skin quality, Some skin rot, Some skin cracking a concern, Colour even, A lot of greening of scales, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Softer onion, Firmness uneven, Medium run size but a little uneven, A little mechanical damage, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (10-40%), Early storage onion. Milestone: Fair to average appearance, Average neck finish uneven, Uneven sized necks, Thick skin, Pretty good skin quality, Colour even, Odd yellowing on skins, Average packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average to good firmness, Firmness is a little uneven, Larger run size but a little uneven, Multiple centers (20%), Mid storage onion. Crockett: Average appearance, Poor neck finish rough, Medium to large sized necks, Thick skin, Nice skin quality, Darker colour even, Average packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Nice firm onion, Medium to large run size, Suspicion of doubles, Odd one with mechanical damage, Longer term storage onion. Madras: Good to nice appearance, Good tight neck finish, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Nice skin quality, Colour fairly even, Some greening of scales, Odd yellowing on skins, Good packer, Uniformity of shape even, Average firmness a little uneven, Large run size, Odd one with mechanical damage, Small hollowness in center (20-30%), Early to mid storage onion.... / continued

22 MAIN ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES continued Hendrix: Stanley: SV 9694: Good appearance, Good tight neck finish, Small & medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Average skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Some skin rot, Colour uneven, Odd greening of scales, Average packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Average firmness, Firmness a little uneven, Small to medium run size, Multiple centers (10-20%), Early to mid storage onion. Good to nice appearance, Good tight neck finish, Medium sized necks, Average to thick skins, Pretty good skin quality, Colour even, Some yellowing on skins, Nice packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Firm onion, Firmness even, Medium to large run size, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (40-60%), Longer term storage onion. Average appearance, Average neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Average skin quality & thickness, Odd one with skin cracking, Some skin rot, Colour a little uneven, Odd greening of scales, Average packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Average firmness but a little uneven, Medium to larger run size but uneven, Odd one with mechanical damage, Multiple centers (20%), Mid storage onion. Pontiac: Average appearance, Poor to average neck finish rough, Medium sized necks, Average skin quality & thickness, Odd one with skin cracking, Some skin & basel plate rot, Colour slightly uneven, Odd yellowing on skins, Average packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average firmness but a little uneven, Medium to larger run size but uneven, Mid storage onion. SV 4252: Average appearance, Average to good tight neck finish, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Some skin rot, Colour uneven, Some greening of scales, Some yellowing on skins, Average to good packer, Uniformity of shape very uneven, Average firmness, Firmness a little uneven, Medium to large run size but uneven, Multiple centers (10-30%), Mid storage onion. Genesis: Average appearance, Good tight neck finish, Small & medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Colour a little uneven, Some greening of scales, Good packer, Uniformity of shape very uneven, Good firmness, Firmness a little uneven, Medium run size, Sizes uneven, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (30%), All samples uneven, Mid storage onion.... / continued

23 MAIN ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES continued SV 3314: Average appearance, Average tight neck finish some a bit rough, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Average skin quality, Some skin cracking, Some skin rot, Colour slightly uneven, Odd greening of scales, Some yellowing on skins, Average packer, Uniformity of shape even, Average firmness, Firmness a little uneven, Large run size but uneven, Multiple centers (20-40%), Odd one with mechanical damage, Mid storage onion. Alpine: Average appearance, Perfect tight neck finish, Very small sized necks, Thin skin, Poor skin quality, Skin cracking on most onions a concern, Some skin rot a concern, Colour even, A lot of greening of scales, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Soft onion, Run size very uneven, Some mechanical damage, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (10-40%), Small hollowness in center (70-100%), Early storage onion. Highlander: Okay appearance, Great neck finish, Small sized necks, Thin skin, Poor skin quality, A lot of skin cracking a concern, Some skin rot a little concern, Colour even, A lot of greening of scales, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape even, Firmness uneven, Soft onion, Medium to large run size but uneven, Doubles a concern, Some mechanical damage, Multiple centers (30-50%), Small hollowness in center (30-50%), Early storage onion. Ascent: Very poor appearance, Perfect tight neck finish, Very small sized necks, Thin skin, Poor skin quality, Skin cracking on most onions a concern, Some skin rot, Colour even, A lot of greening of scales, Poor packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Soft onion, Small run size uneven, Some mechanical damage, Suspicion of doubles, Early storage onion. Corona: Jett: Okay appearance, Average neck finish a bit rough, Medium sized necks, Thin skin, Fair skin quality, Some skin rot, Some skin cracking, Colour a little uneven, Some greening of scales, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape very uneven, Average firmness, Firmness a little uneven, Suspicion of doubles a concern, Medium to large run size very uneven, Some mechanical damage, Multiple centers (10-60%), Early storage onion. Fair appearance, Good tight neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Thin skin, Fair to average skin quality, Some skin cracking, Colour uneven, Odd greening of scales, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Good firm onion, Medium run size but uneven, Some mechanical damage, Multiple centers (20%), Mid storage onion.... / continued

24 MAIN ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES continued Sedona: Average appearance, Poor neck finish bit rough, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Some skin rot, Colour a little uneven, Average packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average firmness, Medium run size, Sizes vary, Some mechanical damage, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (10%), Mid storage onion. Buena Vista: Fair appearance, Good tight neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Some skin cracking, Thick skin, Average skin quality, Some skin rot, Dark colour even, Some white spots on skins, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape even, Good firm onion, Small run size very uneven, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (30-40%), Mid storage onion. BSLY 016: Very poor appearance, Poor neck finish rough & ripped, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness & quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Skin rot a concern, Colour uneven, Poor packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average firmness but a little uneven, Run size very uneven, Doubles a concern, Multiple centers (10-20%), Some mechanical damage, Mid storage onion. Sherman: BSLR 0012: BSIY 007: Fair appearance, Average to good tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Thin skin, Fair to average skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Some skin rot, Colour a little uneven, Odd greening of scales, Average packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Average firmness, Extra-large run size but uneven, Doubles are an issue, Odd one with mechanical damage, Multiple centers (20-40%), Early to mid storage onion. Poor rough appearance, Poor neck finish rough & ripped, Large sized necks, Average skin thickness, Poor skin quality, A lot of skin cracking a concern, Skin, neck and basel plate rot a concern, Colour fairly even, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape a little uneven, Average firmness, Run size very uneven, Doubles are an issue, Multiple centers (50-90%), Some mechanical damage, Good interior ring colour, Mid storage onion. Poor samples, Very poor appearance, Good tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Average to thick skins, Pretty good skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, Skin, neck and basel plate rot a concern, Colour a little uneven, Odd greening of scales, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average firmness, Run size very uneven, Doubles are an issue, Multiple centers (20%), Some mechanical damage, Mid storage onion.... / continued

25 MAIN ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES continued BSLW 13: BSIY 008: Poor samples, Poor appearance, Poor neck finish rough & ripped, Medium to large sized necks, Thin to average skins, Poor skin quality, A lot of skin cracking a concern, A lot of skin rot a concern, Colour even, Some greening of scales, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average to good firmness, Run size very uneven, Doubles are an issue, Multiple centers (40-60%), Some mechanical damage, A little green in the dead center, One third of onions have botrytis on skins, Early to mid storage onion. Poor appearance, Poor & average neck finish a bit rough, Small & medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Fair skin quality, Odd one with skin cracking, A lot of skin, neck and basel plate rot a concern, Colour uneven, Odd greening of scales, Poor packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average firmness, Run size very uneven, Doubles are an issue, Multiple centers (20%), Some mechanical damage, Mid storage onion. BSLY 010: Poor samples, Very poor appearance, Poor neck finish rough & ripped, Medium sized necks, Thick skin, Average skin quality, Skin, neck and basel plate rot a concern, Dark colour, Poor to okay packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Good firmness, Run size very uneven, Doubles are an issue, Multiple centers (50-80%), Some mechanical damage, Mid to longer term storage onion.

26 LONG TERM AVERAGES OF ONION CULTIVAR TRIALS # YEARS MARKETABLE YIELD DAYS TO FIRMNESS* CULTIVAR SOURCE TESTED t/ha B/A MATURITY A B HIGHLANDER Tak ALPINE Tak HUSTLER HM PULSAR BCSVS NORSTAR Tak SHERMAN Bejo ADVANCER HM FRONTIER Tak RICOCHET Sem TRAPP-7 Cro LA SALLE Sem TRAIL BLAZER Tak ARSENAL Sem MOUNTAINEER Tak PATTERSON Bejo CORONA Bejo NEBULA BCSVS TAHOE Bejo ROCKET Sem NA 6.37 BRADDOCK Bejo Listed in order of Days to Maturity. * 10.0 = Most Desirable, 7.5 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Firmness: A = Evaluated at time of Harvest B = Evaluated in December... / continued

27 LONG TERM AVERAGES OF ONION CULTIVAR TRIALS - continued # YEARS MARKETABLE YIELD DAYS TO FIRMNESS* CULTIVAR SOURCE TESTED t/ha B/A MATURITY A B MILESTONE Tak FLAGSHIP Sto STANLEY Sol TAURUS Sem NA 6.27 HAMLET Sem CAPABLE BCSVS CAVALIER Sto LIVINGSTON Sol PARAGON BCSVS TALON Bejo TRAPP #8 E.J FORTRESS Sem SAFRANE Bejo PRINCE Bejo BENCHMARK Sem FESTIVAL Bejo INFINITY BCSVS MILLENNIUM BCSVS TAMARA Bejo CANADA MAPLE Sto NA 7.72 Listed in order of Days to Maturity. * 10.0 = Most Desirable, 7.5 = Good, 6.0 = Average * Firmness: A = Evaluated at time of Harvest B = Evaluated in December

28 Cultivar Source # Bulbs Harvested Total Harvest Weight (kg) Wgt. Jumbo > 76 mm (kg) Wgt. Large mm (kg) Wgt. Medium mm (kg) Marketable Yield B/A % Marketable Majority of Culls % Single Centers % Jumbo > 76 mm Average Weight/Bulb (g) % Onion Maggot Damage Stand/Foot ONION CULTIVAR ADAPTATION TRIAL OLYX 08 Cro PW HADES UNF PW RED CARPET BEJO D STARTER UNF PW UNF R DECAPO UNF PW VITALO UNF R RED HAWK BEJO SP ZOEY EZ D EZ PW EZ PW Listed in order of % Marketable.

29 Cultivar Source Shape Uniformity of Shape Uniformity of Size Colour Colour Rating Skin Thickness Skinning Neck Finish Overall Score Score Firmness Days to Harvest Seeders ONION CULTIVAR ADAPTATION TRIAL continued OLYX 08 Cro G G HADES UNF G G RED CARPET BEJO G DR STARTER UNF G G UNF HG G DECAPO UNF G G VITALO UNF TD G RED HAWK BEJO G DR ZOEY EZ SP LG EZ TD LG EZ TD LG Listed in order of % Marketable = Most Desirable, 8.0 = Good, 6.0 = Average

30 ADAPTATION ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES OLYX 08: Hades: Red Carpet: Good appearance, Good tight neck finish, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Some skin cracking, Average to good skin quality, Colour even, Odd one with yellowing or white spots on skin, Good packer, Uniformity of shape even, Average to good firmness, Run size a little uneven, Mid storage onion. Nice appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Average skin thickness, Odd one with skin cracking, Pretty good skin quality, Colour even, Odd one with yellowing on skin, Nice packer, Uniformity of shape even, Good firm onion, Firmness even, Medium to large run size a little uneven, Multiple centers (10%), Mid storage onion. Good appearance, Average neck finish bit rough, Medium to large sized necks, Average skin thickness, Pretty good skin quality, Some skin rot, Colour fairly even, Good ring colour, Nice interior colour, Odd one with brown spots on skin, Good packer, Uniformity of shape very uneven, Good firm onion, Firmness even, Medium to large run size, Odd one with mechanical damage, Longer term storage onion. Starter: Good appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Average skin thickness, Some skin cracking, Pretty good skin quality, Some skin rot, Colour even, Odd one with yellowing on skin, Odd one with greening of scales, Nice packer, Uniformity of shape even, Average to good firmness even, Medium run size a little uneven, Multiple centers (10%), Small hollowness in center (20%), Mid storage onion : Good appearance, Average but tight neck finish, Small to medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Some skin cracking, Average skin quality, Some skin rot, Colour uneven, Some greening of scales, Average to good packer, Uniformity of shape even, Good firmness a little uneven, Medium run size uneven, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (20%), Small hollowness in center (10%), Mid to longer term storage onion. Decapo: Nice appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Average skin thickness, Odd one with skin cracking, Pretty good skin quality, Colour fairly even, Odd one with yellowing or white spots on skin, Nice packer, Uniformity of shape even, Good firm onion, Firmness even, Medium run size even, Odd doubles, Small hollowness in center (60%), Longer term storage onion. /continued

31 ADAPTATION ONION CULTIVAR TRIAL EVALUATION NOTES continued Vitalo: Good appearance, Good tight neck finish, Medium sized necks, Average skin thickness, Odd one with skin cracking, Average skin quality, Some skin and basel plate rot, Colour uneven, Some yellowing on skins, Good packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Good firm onion, Firmness even, Medium to large run size a little uneven, Suspicion of doubles, Multiple centers (10%), Longer term storage onion. Red Hawk: Zoey: Average appearance, Average neck finish bit rough, Some tight necks, Small and medium sized necks, Odd skin cracking, Average skin thickness, Average skin quality, Some skin rot, Neck rot a little concern, Dark colour even, Dark ring colour, Nice interior colour, Odd one with white spots on skin, Average packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Average firmness a little uneven, Medium run size uneven, Some mechanical damage, Suspicion of double a concern, Multiple centers (40%), Early to mid storage onion. Poor appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Thin skins, Most skins cracking a concern, Poor skin quality, Skin rot a concern, Colour even, Some greening of scales, Poor packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Soft onion, Firmness uneven, Small run size very uneven, Doubles a concern, Multiple centers (10%), Some mechanical damage, Early storage onion : Poor sample, Okay appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Thin skins, Most skins cracking a concern, Poor skin quality, Skin rot, Colour uneven, A lot of greening of scales, Okay packer, Uniformity of shape even, Average firmness uneven, Small run size very uneven, Multiple centers (20%), Early to mid storage onion : Poor sample, Poor appearance, Great tight neck finish, Small sized necks, Thin skins, Most skins cracking a concern, Poor skin quality, Skin rot, Colour a little light uneven, Some greening of scales, Poor packer, Uniformity of shape uneven, Poor firmness uneven, Extra small run size, Multiple centers (10%), Some mechanical damage, Early to mid storage onion.