Thematic group Ink disease. Coordinator Rita Costa

Transcription

1 Thematic group Ink disease Coordinator Rita Costa

2 Evolution of chestnut production Source: O Livro Branco da Castanha Europeia (Setembro 2)

3 RESISTANT Susceptible The American Chestnut Foundation Susceptibility of chestnut to ink disease European Chestnut- C. sativa American Chestnut- C. dentata Japanese Chestnut- C. crenata Chinese Chestnut- C. mollissima

4 STRONG and WEAK points that support research STRONG POINTS WEAK POINTS - The economic impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi in crop and forestry species in Europe - No effective treatment is available - The versatility of Phytophthora cinnamomi - Availability of multiple crosses in Castanea - The high deficit of improved chestnut rootstocks for plantation in Europe - The lack of effective biological control methods - The availability of a C. mollissima draft genome - European distribution area - Adaptation to different climate conditions - Selection of new improved genotypes takes time - Long time research (disease known in Europe for more than 1years, lots of research done yet no satisfactory answer for many growers) - Grafting incompatibility - The registration of mycorrhizal fungi as biological control can be problematic. - The unavailability of the C. sativa genome

5 Goals Improving disease control Innovation in irrigation systems, fertilization and management of old orchards Development of integrated control using chemical and biological control (mycorriza and alelopathy) Improving host resistance To release new and improved plant material with resistance to ink disease (new rootstocks) into the European markets to increase production of the chestnut in Europe. The are a high deficit of improved material for plantation To understand the genetic mechanisms of resistance to Phytophthora spp that certain species of the Castanea genus present as it is the case of Japanese Chestnut (Castanea crenata) to accelerate the selection of new rootstocks with improved resistance to Phytophthora spp, adapted to different soil and climate conditions. To study the graft compatibility of the new rootstocks with local varieties

6 Mapping What research Approach can provide? C. crenata C. sativa C. mollissima X X F1 progenies available in France, Italy, Spain and Portugal

7 Estimate of days of survival Selection of new rootstocks, micropropagation and grafting (Research in Portugal), 12, 1,,, 4, 2,, Genotype*Treatment Least Squares Means SC SC SC4 SM SM SC SC12 SC2 SC SM1 SC SC SC SC SC1 SC SC55 SC51 SM4 SC24 Grafting compatibility Genotype*Treatment genotypes selected as the most RESISTANT to P. cinnamomi Micropropagation Rooting and Aclimatization

8 CmSI51A CmSI75A CmSI247A CmSIA AC 7 CC_12_ 2 CmSI2A 24 CC 24 CC 5 CmSIA 2 CmSI4A 4 CC_2_4 CmSIB CC_2_55 CmSI5A 4 CmSI4A CC_7_ CmSI2A CcPT CC_4_4 CC_7_ 4 CmSIA AC_51_ AC 1 4 CmSIA CmSI7A 4 CmSI71A CmSIA 4 CmSI1A 5 CC 5 51 CmSI7B CsPT CC_1_ CC_7_7 CC_15_ AC_4_ 55 CC_4_ CmSIA CC 7 5 CC_5_2 CC_7_ CsPT 5 CmSI7A CmSI55B CmSI7A 5 CC_15_551 CC_24_7 CC_55_1 1 CmSI7A CC_55_ CmSI5A 2 CmSI47A 4 CmSI4B 7 CmSI5A? CC_7_77 CsPT1 CC_7_5 AC_4_7 CmSI4A 7 CmSI555B CC_75_55 71 CsPT7 72 CmSI5A 7 CmSI5A CmSI1A 5 LG_A CmSI5B CmSI555B CsPT1 CmSI4B 7 CsPT7 CmSI55B 47 CmSI5B CmSI7B CmSIB 4 LG_B CC CC_7_ 1 CmSIC CC_7_ 4 CC_7_1 CC_7_ CC_412_71 CC_71_4 CC AC CC 4 CC_12_74 1 CC CC_4_2 CC_5_ CC_4_47 CmSI4C CC_4_5_b CC_74_ 2 CC_7_ LG_C 2 markers mapped/ markers genotyped 1 Cm SSRs mapped/4 Cm SSRs genotyped New SSRs mapped/ New SSRs genotyped SNPs mapped/ genotyped Total: 74 individuals Linkage groups 2 QTLS LOD=4 CC 24 CC 5 CmSIA 2 CmSI4A 4 CC_2_4 CmSIB CC_2_55 CmSI5A 4 CmSI4A CC_7_ CmSI2A CcPT CC_4_4 CC_7_ 4 CmSIA AC_51_ AC 1 4 CmSIA CmSI7A 4 CmSI71A CmSIA 4 CmSI1A 5 CC 5 51 CmSI7B CsPT CC_1_ CC_7_7 CC_15_ AC_4_ 55 CC_4_ CmSIA CC 7 5 CC_5_2 CC_7_ CsPT 5 CmSI7A CmSI55B CmSI7A 5 CC_15_551 CC_24_7 CC_55_1 1 CmSI7A CC_55_ CmSI5A 2 CmSI47A 4 CmSI4B 7 CmSI5A? CC_7_77 CsPT1 CC_7_5 AC_4_7 CmSI4A 7 CmSI555B CC_75_55 71 CsPT7 72 CmSI5A 7 CmSI5A CmSI1A 5 CmSI5B CmSI555B CsPT1 CmSI4B 7 CsPT7 CmSI55B 47 CmSI5B CmSI7B CmSIB 4 CC CC_7_ 1 CmSIC CC_7_ 4 CC_7_1 CC_7_ CC_412_71 CC_71_4 CC AC CC 4 CC_12_74 1 CC CC_4_2 CC_5_ CC_4_47 CmSI4C CC_4_5_b CC_74_ 2 CC_7_ CmSI247A CmSIA AC 7 CC_12_ 2 CmSI2A 24 CC 24 CC 5 CmSIA 2 CmSI4A 4 CC_2_4 CmSIB CC_2_55 CmSI5A 4 CmSI4A CC_7_ CmSI2A CcPT CC_4_4 CC_7_ 4 CmSIA AC_51_ AC 1 4 CmSIA CmSI7A 4 CmSI71A CmSIA 4 CmSI1A 5 CC 5 51 CmSI7B CsPT CC_1_ CC_7_7 CC_15_ AC_4_ 55 CC_4_ CmSIA CC 7 5 CC_5_2 CC_7_ CsPT 5 CmSI7A CmSI55B CmSI7A 5 CC_15_551 CC_24_7 CC_55_1 1 CmSI7A CC_55_ CmSI5A 2 CmSI47A 4 CmSI4B 7 CmSI5A? CC_7_77 CsPT1 CC_7_5 AC_4_7 CmSI4A 7 CmSI555B CC_75_55 71 CsPT7 72 CmSI5A 7 CmSI5A CmSI1A 5 CmSI5B CmSI555B CsPT1 CmSI4B 7 CsPT7 CmSI55B 47 CmSI5B CmSI7B CmSIB 4 CC CC_7_ 1 CmSIC CC_7_ 4 CC_7_1 CC_7_ CC_412_71 CC_71_4 CC AC CC 4 CC_12_74 1 CC CC_4_2 CC_5_ CC_4_47 CmSI4C CC_4_5_b CC_74_ 2 CC_7_ CmSI1D CmSID CmSI51D CmSID CmSI55D CC_7_ CmSID CmSI1D 1 CC_1_7 CC_5_5 CmSIE 5 CC_7_2 CC_7_ CC 5 1 CC CC_1_1 CC_1_5 AC_4_47 CC_7_2 CC_41_4 CC_7_4 CC_1_774 CC 41 CmSI47E CC 4 CC 2 1 CC_4_5 CmSI7E CmSI5G CsPT CmSIG CmSI4G CmSIG CC_7_4 AC CmSI5G 5 CC 12 4 CmSI74G LG_G AC_7_1 CmSIG CmSIG AC 4 CC_4_ CmSI7G LG_G1 CmSIH CmSI5H CcPT 1 CC 1 CmSI7H CC_47_4 CmSI5G CsPT CmSIG CmSI4G CmSIG CC_7_4 AC CmSI5G 5 CC 12 4 CmSI74G LG_G AC_7_1 CmSIG CmSIG AC 4 CC_4_ CmSI7G LG_G1 CmSIH CmSI5H CcPT 1 CC 1 CmSI7H CC_47_4 CmSI5G CsPT CmSIG CmSI4G CmSIG CC_7_4 AC CmSI5G 5 CC 12 4 CmSI74G LG_G AC_7_1 CmSIG CmSIG AC 4 CC_4_ CmSI7G LG_G1 CmSIH CmSI5H CcPT 1 CC 1 CmSI7H CC_47_4 CmSI47H AC_72_ 2 CC_77_ CC CC 1 CC_1_ 7 CcPT AC_2_2 CC_41_ CmSI1D 1 CC CC_55_ 5 CmSI1D 7 CcPT AC CmSID CC_5_7 CC_4_7 CC_4_ 5 CmSI7I CmSI7I CmSI72I 75 CmSII 77 CC_4_ 1 CC_5_5 2 LG_I CC_4_ CC 4 1 CC AC_1_ CC 4 CmSIJ CmSI7J CmSI51J CmSIJ CC_5_ CC_7_ CC_47_1 CC_47_5 CmSI47H AC_72_ 2 CC_77_ CC CC 1 CC_1_ 7 CcPT AC_2_2 CC_41_ CmSI1D 1 CC CC_55_ 5 CmSI1D 7 CcPT AC CmSID CC_5_7 CC_4_7 CC_4_ 5 CmSI7I CmSI7I CmSI72I 75 CmSII 77 CC_4_ 1 CC_5_5 2 CC_24_1 CC_24_15 CC_7_15 4 CmSII CmSI5I AC 5 1 CmSI75I AC_7_4 5 CsPT LG_I CC_4_ CC 4 1 CC AC_1_ CC 4 CmSIJ CmSI7J CmSI51J CmSIJ CC_5_ CC_7_ CC_47_1 CC_47_5 CmSI5J CmSIJ CcPT CmSI4J CmSI4J 5 CC_1_1 CsPT4 CmSIJ 5 CC_471_2 CC AC_1_77 CC 2 CC_2_71 1 CmSI4K CmSI4J CC_2_71 CC_7_12 CmSI7K CC_2_ AC_5 b CC_75_12 CC AC_5_ CC_77_1 CmSI4K 1 CmSI771K 5 CmSI1K AC b CmSI4K LG_K CC_47_ CC_24_4 CmSI24L CmSI5? CmSI47L CC_1_5 12 CC_1_55 CC_7_1 1 CmSI47H AC_72_ 2 CC_77_ CC CC 1 CC_1_ 7 CcPT AC_2_2 CC_41_ CmSI1D 1 CC CC_55_ 5 CmSI1D 7 CcPT AC CmSID CC_5_7 CC_4_7 CC_4_ 5 CmSI7I CmSI7I CmSI72I 75 CmSII 77 CC_4_ 1 CC_5_5 2 CC_24_1 CC_24_15 CC_7_15 4 CmSII CmSI5I AC 5 1 CmSI75I AC_7_4 5 CsPT LG_I CC_4_ CC 4 1 CC AC_1_ CC 4 CmSIJ CmSI7J CmSI51J CmSIJ CC_5_ CC_7_ CC_47_1 CC_47_5 CmSI5J CmSIJ CcPT CmSI4J CmSI4J 5 CC_1_1 CsPT4 CmSIJ 5 CmSIJ CsPT 72 CC_471_2 CC AC_1_77 CC 2 CC_2_71 1 CmSI4K CmSI4J CC_2_71 CC_7_12 CmSI7K CC_2_ AC_5 b CC_75_12 CC AC_5_ CC_77_1 CmSI4K 1 CmSI771K 5 CmSI1K AC b CmSI4K LG_K CC_47_ CC_24_4 CmSI24L CmSI5? CmSI47L CC_1_5 12 CC_1_55 CC_7_1 1 CmSI5J CmSIJ CcPT CmSI4J CmSI4J 5 CC_1_1 CC_471_2 CC AC_1_77 CC 2 CC_2_71 1 CmSI4K CmSI4J CC_2_71 CC_7_12 CmSI7K CC_2_ AC_5 b CC_75_12 CC AC_5_ CC_77_1 CmSI4K 1 CmSI771K 5 CmSI1K AC b CmSI4K LG_K CC_47_ CC_24_4 CmSI24L CmSI5? CmSI47L CC_1_5 12 CC_1_55 CC_7_1 1 CmSI5F AC_5_2 CmSIF CmSIF AC_247_51 AC_4_5_a 2 AC_77_7 CmSI4F 2 CmSI75F CC CC CcPT CmSI724F 1 CC_77_4 2 CmSI7F CC_4_ 5 CmSI5F 7 CC CC CC_2_2 4 CC_4_24 AC_4_5_b CmSI1D CmSID CmSI51D CmSID CmSI55D CC_7_ CmSID CmSI1D 1 LG_D CC_1_7 CC_5_5 CmSIE 5 CC_7_2 CC_7_ CC 5 1 CC CC_1_1 CC_1_5 AC_4_47 CC_7_2 CC_41_4 CC_7_4 CC_1_774 CC 41 LG_E CmSI47E CC 4 CC 2 1 CC_4_5 CmSI7E LG_E CmSI1D CmSID CmSI51D CmSID CmSI55D CC_7_ CmSID CmSI1D 1 CC_1_7 CC_5_5 CmSIE 5 CC_7_2 CC_7_ CC 5 1 CC CC_1_1 CC_1_5 AC_4_47 CC_7_2 CC_41_4 CC_7_4 CC_1_774 CC 41 CmSI47E CC 4 CC 2 1 CC_4_5 CmSI7E Genetic Map and P. cinnamomi resistance QTLs A B C D E F G H I J K L

9 C. sativa vs C. crenata S R Resistant R S R I S Intermediate Susceptible C. crenata showed more transcript abundance than C. sativa for each time point. Gnk2-like, PE-2, LRR-RLK and Myb4 genes discriminate response Basal expression may explain phenotypic differences.

10 Research Institutions: Participants researchers Italy: NRC- IBAF, University of Tuscia, DISAFA-UNITO () France: INRA- Bordeaux, Chambre Régionale d Agriculture Languedoc-Roussillon Midi-Pyrénées; (2) Hungary: Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen (1) Spain: University of Extremadura, Tragsa, SERIDA (Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario Asturias; Investigación Forestal de Lourizán Xunta de Galicia (4) Portugal: UTAD e INIAV (2) Companies: 5 technicians Spain Tragsa France - Chambre d Agriculture d Ardeche/ SEFRA Portugal - REFCAST

11 Thank you!