Walnut in the West Death by a Thousand Cankers
|
|
- Audra Paul
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Walnut in the West Death by a Thousand Cankers Colorado State University Ned Tisserat, Whitney Cranshaw, Curtis Utley, Emily Freeland, Bill Jacobi Boulder County CO Kathleen Alexander CO State Forest Service David Leatherman USFS California Steven Seybold UC Davis Andy Graves; Chuck Leslie Institute Perennial Plants for Food and Bioenergy (IPPFB), UT T. Ford, R. Funk USFS Purdue Keith Woeste U Missouri Mark Coggeshall U Tennessee Scott Schlarbaum Oregon State Jay Pscheidt Czech Republic Miroslav Kolarik Funding USFS, USDA CSREES
2 Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Not native to western USA Not a major component of urban landscape but it is a tough tree Street trees Backyards Farmsteads Trees can grow to very large sizes in Oregon Also have hybrids
3
4 Black Walnut Decline and Mortality in Utah in 90 s Walnut twig beetle collected near Salt Lake City UT in 1988; but walnut mortality not reported until 1990 s "If I get a little personal and even a little sentimental, I hope you will forgive me," President Hinckley said as he began to describe the origin of the pulpit. "Every year at this season we planted trees," he said. "Well, some 36 years ago I planted a black walnut. It was in a crowded area where it grew straight and tall to get the sunlight. A year ago (1999?), for some reason, it died." "The first time I saw the wood was when Brad had the log in the back of his pickup truck, (Intermountain Wood Products of Salt Lake UT) Walnut pulpit in Mormon Conference Center
5 Black Walnut Decline and Mortality in Oregon (1990 s?) Always associated with presence of twig beetle Progression slower than in Colorado? Reasons? Walnut hybrids common? Larger trees? Thicker bark? Different weather (less stress)? Note symptomless walnut at end of row
6 Extensive Mortality In New Mexico Elimination of black walnut near Santa Fe 2001 Walnut twig beetle found Reports of dieback in Albuquerque 2009 Thousand cankers disease (TCD) confirmed in 2010
7 Black Walnut Mortality in CO Walnut decline first observed in Colorado Springs and Boulder around May have been years earlier in western Colorado (90 s) Substantial mortality in Colorado Springs and Boulder by 2004 Walnut twig beetle and drought suspected Black walnut eliminated in Colorado Springs by 2008 Well over 2,000 trees dead in Denver Boulder and surrounding area; few surviving trees in Boulder
8 Red Areas indicate where Geosmithia and Pityophthorus juglandis have been found since 2008
9 Initial Symptoms Subtle and Easily Confused With Other Problems
10 May See Resprouting But Sprouts Also Succumb
11 September 2008 June 2008 June 2009
12 Walnut Twig Beetle Pityophthorus juglandis Walnut twig beetle found in Colorado 2003 on black walnut First record of insect on Juglans major in New Mexico (1927) native to the Southwest?, California? Twig beetles normally attack small, weakened twigs Range of Juglans major
13 Slide courtesy S. Seybold Identification of Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) An Über Vector of TCD OCD: Almost compulsive boring and tasting behavior on host branches Two rows of tubercles Concentric arcs of asperities
14 The walnut twig beetle is a minute bark beetle. Great picture by Jim LaBonte, OR Dept. Agriculture! It is one of few Pityophthorus species that develop in hardwoods. Pityophthorus bark beetles are collectively known as twig beetles because they normally restrict damage to small diameter twigs.
15 Walnut Twig Beetle Very aggressive on black walnut Most galleries on branches >1 inch diameter Attacks will occur on main trunk Entrance holes very difficult to see J. regia
16 Trapping is very inefficient using yellow traps or Lindgren funnels Most beetles caught in late summer 45 Beetle Captures
17 How Does Such a Small Beetle Kill Such A Big Tree?
18 Summer Coalescing cankers consistently noted around beetle galleries
19
20 Beetle galleries and cankers not evenly distributed on branches or trunk More damage on lower side of branches More damage on one side of trunk? Often west side of tree more damaged? # galleries and cankers on tree is enormous!! East side of trunk West side of trunk
21 Cankers Initially Restricted to Phloem and Don t Extend into Cambium Outer bark Phloem
22 Eventually Cankers Will Kill Cambium
23 Cankers on Walnut (Left) Differ From Open Faced Cankers (Ash Tree on Right)
24 Summer and Fall 2007 fungus consistently isolated from cankers
25 Geosmithia morbida Anamorphic genus (Ascomycota:Hypocreales) No sexual state known Off white to buff in culture, often lobed Dry conidia Unlike Ophiostomatoid and ambrosia fungi (e.g. in Raffaelea in Laurel wilt) Thermotolerant Optimal ⁰C Will grow at 37 ⁰C (99 ⁰F) Will survive 42 ⁰C (107 ⁰F)
26 Geosmithia morbida has a yeast phase
27 Geosmithia species associated with numerous beetles in Europe but has not been reported as plant pathogen Geosmithia species Insect Host G. fassatiae Scolytus intricatus Scolytus rugulosus Quercus spp. Malus G. langdonii Scolytus intricatus Scolytus rugulosus Ernoporicus fagi Scolytus multistriatus Quercus spp. Malus Fagus Ulmus G. obscura Scolytus intricatus Scolytus carpini Quercus Carpinus Geosmithia OTU s Ernoporus tiliae Hylesinus orni Ips typographus Scolytus schevyrewi Trypophloeus Xyloborinus saxeseni Xylosandrus mutilatus Tilia Fraxinus Picea Ulmus Populus Ulmus?
28 Geosmithia also has been isolated from frass, beetle A galleries, B and beetles Photo courtesy Dr. A. Graves U.C. Davis
29 G. puterillii AF G. sp. 27 RJ0911 AJ OTU2 AJ OTU RJ137m CCF3638 OTU23 AJ OTU G. rubra AM OTU G. sp. 20 CCF3641 G. adriatica CCF3655 OTU10 G. rufescens MK G. lavendula AF G. obscura AJ G. obscura AM G. sp. 8 AM G. microcorthyli CCF3861 G. sp. 16 AM G. sp. 35 RJ167m G. sp. 32 MK1801 G. sp. 30 MK1824 G. sp. 30 RJ156m G. sp. 33 MK1809b G. sp. 34 MK1832 G. sp. 31 MK G.langdoni AJ G. flava AJ G. fassatiae AJ CO 1217 CO 1234 AZ CA 1270 CA 1222 UT 1259 OR 1239 CO 1223 UT 1273 CO 1269 CA 1218 CO G. sp 11 AM G. sp. 29 CCF3753 G. sp. 21 MK592 G. sp. 12 AM G. sp. 13 AM FortCollins CO G. sp. 40 CCF3563 G. eupagioceri CCF3754 G. sp. 9 CCF3703 G. sp. 25 MK1805 G. sp. 28 RJ278m G. sp. 44 MK G. sp. 22 CCF3652 G. sp. 24 MK1822 AJ G.pallida type MK1758 G. morbida Acremonium alternatum AY Isolate from S. schevyrewi from Ulmus G. pallida species complex G.sp. 26 MK1797 Analysis courtesy M. Kolarik Pinaceae Angiosperms + Cupresaceae
30 It s A a Food Fight! Bark maceration Pityophthorus, ambrosia beetles, other insects Geosmithia, Fusaria & many other fungi B
31 Fusarium Canker of Walnut Reported in 80 s in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Kansas following harsh winter conditions Associated with ambrosia beetles
32 Death by a Thousand Cankers Initial beetle attack Cankers form around beetle galleries, but initially localized in phloem Cankers coalesce, eventually penetrate bark to cambium; resulting in branch dieback It may be years between initial beetle attack and visible symptoms The death spiral Tree vigor declines Mass attack by beetles on trunk; many cankers Secondary fungi invade (Fusarium solani and others) Trees are killed
33 Distribution of 1000 Cankers in Colorado
34 rdna ITS haplotypes of G. morbida are not geographically or host specific
35 Where Did 1000 Cankers Originate? Pityophthorus juglandis and Geosmithia morbida widespread on J. major in New Mexico and Arizona But our survey is not complete J. major not in a state of decline in its native range Do isolates vary in aggressiveness to black walnut? not so far
36 What about the California Walnuts? J. californica J. hindsii
37 Thousand Cankers Disease: Areas of Interest in CA J. regia J. regia J. regia J. hindsii J. californica Slide Courtesy of A.D. Graves, UC-Davis Dept. Plant Pathology
38 Thousand Cankers Disease: Areas of Interest in CA J. regia J. regia J. regia J. hindsii J. californica Slide Courtesy of A.D. Graves, UC-Davis Dept. Plant Pathology
39 Thousand Cankers Disease: Areas of Interest in CA Davis, Yolo Co.: Branch dieback and mortality on Juglans hindsii on city streets and along rural highways, June-Aug., 2008 J. regia J. regia J. regia J. hindsii J. californica Slide Courtesy of A.D. Graves, UC-Davis Dept. Plant Pathology
40 Thousand Cankers Disease: Areas of Interest in CA Winters, Solano Co.: Northern California black walnut is dying in its native habitat in the lower Sacramento River Valley J. regia J. regia J. regia J. hindsii J. californica Slide Courtesy of A.D. Graves, UC-Davis Dept. Plant Pathology
41 Thousand Cankers Disease: Areas of Interest in CA J. regia J. regia J. regia J. hindsii J. californica Davis, Yolo Co.: Black walnuts are dying in research germplasm collections, e.g., UCD Walnut Collection and NCGR. Mortality of a yr old Juglans californica on Paradox Rootstock, Aug. 11, 2009 Slide Courtesy of A.D. Graves, UC-Davis Dept. Plant Pathology
42 Thousand Cankers Disease: Areas of Interest in CA Piru Lake, Ventura Co.: Native endemic stands of Juglans californica in the Los Padres National Forest showing crown dieback and tree mortality, Aug. 27, 2008 J. regia J. regia J. regia J. hindsii J. californica Slide Courtesy of A.D. Graves, UC-Davis Dept. Plant Pathology
43 Thousand Cankers Disease: Areas of Interest in CA Near Glendale, Los Angeles Co: Highly symptomatic native Juglans californica in a residential backyard, Montecito Heights, June, 2009 J. regia J. regia J. regia J. hindsii J. californica Slide Courtesy of A.D. Graves, UC-Davis Dept. Plant Pathology
44 Black Walnut vs. Pecan
45 Is Juglans regia at Risk? Two dead Juglans nigra on left, healthy Juglans regia on right Photo courtesy Marion Murray, Utah State University
46 Juglans regia (Denver) in fall 2008 and June 2010.
47 Juglans microcarpa in Denver 2010
48 Butternut (J. cinerea) in Denver area 2010
49 Susceptibility of other Juglans, Carya species? Juglans microcarpa
50 Inoculations Juglans major Juglans nigra
51 Canker Development Following Inoculation With Geosmithia 160 Discolored Area (mm PDA Aspergillus Geosmithia Isolate 1217 Geosmithia Isolate 1218 Tree Species in Order of Susceptibility to Geosmithia Discolored area 6 wk after inoculation; mean of 6 trees
52 2,000 ** ** 1,500 % increase in discolored area Inoculated vs. control 1, ,500 1,000 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ** NS ** NS NS ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** NS ** ** 500 ** 0 * NS NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS C.ovata C.illinoensis J.major J.californicaB J.hindsii J.microcarpa J.californica J.regia J.cinerea J.ailantifolia J.nigra Isolate 1217 Isolate 1218
53 1000 Cankers Poses Grave Risk to Walnuts Dieback and decline of Juglans spp. in California Rapid mortality of black walnut in numerous regions of the West Disease widespread Very efficient, aggressive vector Aggressive fungus What happens if disease establishes in native range of black walnut? What if it doesn t/ can t cause damage in native range? Can we take that chance by ignoring this?
54 It Will Be Too Late To Do Anything if TCD Establishes in Native Range Other exotics introduced into native range of susceptible trees Butternut canker Chestnut blight Emerald ash borer Laurel wilt TCD is not yet in native range: we can do something
55 Can We Contain 1000 Cankers? Do We Have the Will to Contain It? Beetle infested black walnut with bark attached as advertised on the internet
56 What Should We Do Nationally? Walnut wood harbors the insect and fungus We don t know for how long, but moving wood is a very bad idea! Over 23,000 beetles emerged from these logs
57 How wood might move
58 Black Walnut Makes For Great Firewood in Colorado (and elsewhere)
59 No One in the West Wants to Destroy Infested Logs! Denver Craigslist Postings (10/29/2009) I have a full truckload of black walnut wood We have a straight, tall walnut tree, lost to disease, that needs to come down. We thought we'd offer it up to woodworkers before having it hauled off for firewood. For sale 3 stunning walnut crotch slabs. 1 bookmatched set and one other sequential slab all from the same log. These were recently cut so they are still green, you buy green, you save a pile of green.
60 Transcontinental Movement of Myth that logs are not shipped from West to East Large Logs
61 What About Bark Removal? Beetles apparently emerged from wood and then tried to reenter logs Debarking may not be a safe measure Some woodworkers don t like bark removed
62 What about chipping?
63 Walnut twig beetles were able to complete development in larger pieces following chipping
64 Right Now We Need To Prevent Movement of ANY Form of Wood!
65 What About Chemical Treatments? Not a solution to the long term survival of black walnut in native range May have some use in the West
66 What About Drenching Sprays? Drenching branch sprays (pyrethroids and others) for walnut twig beetle has not been effective possibly because of poor timing
67 Soil treatments and Walnut Twig Beetle Imidacloprid (Merit) use in Boulder may have slowed progression, but did not always save diseased trees However, most applications made curatively rather than preventively Need higher rates? Trials planned for Denver in 2010 Imidaclorprid, abamectin, possibly others Dinotefuran may work better for this application, but doesn t have food crop tolerance What about fungicides?
68 What Needs to Be Done Strong public education on the threat of Thousand Cankers Disease to black walnut in its native range Arborists, Woodworkers, Homeowners %20and%20outreach/thousand%20cankers htmlhttp://mda.mo.gov/plants/pests/thousandca nkers.php Information
69 What Needs to Be Done Immediate restrictions on the movement of walnut wood State quarantines National quarantines We must stop this!
70 Containment of 1000 Cankers Don t move infested logs or lumber with bark attached Sanitation in infested areas probably won t help Movement of fresh debarked lumber? Movement of wood chips?
71 Average Geosmithia Canker Size Utah Study Average Canker Area in mm Geo. Iso Geo.Iso Juglandaceae Species inoculated
72 Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it
73 Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) in the Not native to western US Not a major component of urban landscape Street trees Backyards Farmsteads It s a tough tree! West Oregon
74 March 2008 Canker formation in black walnut 8 weeks after inoculation with isolates of Fusarium solani and Geosmithia morbida Isolate Number of inoculation sites developing cankers Average and range ( ) of canker lengths (mm) Fusarium solani 917 2/ (16-22) Fusarium solani / (10-40) Geosmithia / (29-130) Geosmithia / (31-60) A B F. solani G. morbida
75 Geosmithia is a bark, and not a vascular pathogen Canker formation 4 weeks after inoculation in field (Utah), original inoculation point 3 mm diam.
76 Adult twig beetle tunneling on excised stem of Juglans nigra after 24 hours
77 Canker development 4 weeks after placement of adult twig beetles on excised stem of Juglans nigra
78 Other Canker Fungi Very long, vertical cankers on trunk during final stages of decline Fusarium solani isolated from cambium in 2006 (but not from around beetle galleries) Other Fusarium species have also been recovered
79
80 Walnut twig beetles readily breed in logs Dead Walnut Wood Can Host Bark Beetles and Fungus
81 Two logs, ca 5 1/2-in diameter, 18-in length
82 23,040 Beetles/2 logs = 35+ Beetles/inch 2
83 2006 in Boulder Colorado
84 Open Faced Cankers Don t Form May see bark cracking around entrance holes, star shaped wounds at leaf scars, and staining on trunk, but these are not diagnostic
85 Could Walnut Twig Beetle Kill the Tree Without Geosmithia? Geosmithia always associated with insect Does the fungus enhance the ability to attack Pityophthorus to attack bark? Reduced vigor? beneficial to insect?
86 Where Did G. morbida Come From? 1234 AZ 1263Ventura CA 1264Ventura CA 1261SanJoaquin CA 1276CSUOval CO 1217Boulder CO 1279Wheatridge CO 1224Boulder CO 1249YoloCounty CA 1227Winters CA 1273GoldenCemetery CO 1236Prosser WA 1250Boulder CO 1270SanJoaquin CA 1267SanJoaquin CA 1260 OR 1245Boise ID 1262Ventura CA UT 1268Ventura CA 1274Wheatridge CO Ventura CA 1258 OR Winters CA 1272Ventura CA YoloCounty CA 1256 OR 1266Ventura CA ITS rdna sequencing 1218Boulder CO 1259 OR 1247ColoradoSprings CO 1246ColoradoSprings CO 1285Delta CO UT 1239Westminster CO 1271GoldenCemetery CO Isolates vary slightly in DNA (rdna ITS) sequence Suggests at least some genetic diversity Probably not the result of a single introduction?
87 Juglans Germplasm Collection Positive Isolation of Geosmithia from English Walnut, J. regia, Accession No. DJUG0366.1, Block C, Row?, Tree 1, September ) Mass attack by walnut twig beetle
88 Red Areas indicate where Geosmithia and Pityophthorus juglandis have been found
Thousand Cankers Disease: Overview and Origins Whitney Cranshaw
Thousand Cankers Disease: Overview and Origins Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) An Insect/Fungal Disease Complex affecting some Juglans spp. A fungus Geosmithia
More informationCankers Disease of Walnut. Whitney Cranshaw
The Walnut Twig Beetle and its Association with 1000 Cankers Disease of Walnut Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University Thousand Cankers Disease An Insect/Fungal Disease Complex affecting some Juglans
More informationTHOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE of WALNUT: STATUS in CALIFORNIA
THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE of WALNUT: STATUS in CALIFORNIA Janine Hasey UC Cooperative Extension, Sutter & Yuba cos. Steve Seybold USDA Forest Service, Davis THOUSAND CANKERS Insect-vectored disease on walnut
More informationThousand Cankers Disease of Walnut
Thousand Cankers Disease of Walnut Richard Bostock Dept. of Plant Pathology, UC Davis Current Issues in Invasive and Emerging Pests and Diseases February 5, 2014 An epidemic in eastern black walnut, Juglans
More informationThousand Cankers Disease of Walnut
Thousand Cankers Disease of Walnut Richard Bostock Dept. of Plant Pathology, UC Davis Current Issues in Invasive and Emerging Pests and Diseases February 5, 2014 An epidemic in eastern black walnut, Juglans
More informationHost Colonization Behavior of the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, in California Hinds Walnut
Host Colonization Behavior of the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, in California Hinds Walnut Andrew Graves, Stacy Hishinuma, Shakeeb Hamud and Steven Seybold Presentation Outline
More informationThousand Cankers Disease (TCD) Simeon Wright Forest Pathologist Missouri Dept. of Conservation November 6, 2015
Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) Simeon Wright Forest Pathologist Missouri Dept. of Conservation November 6, 2015 Outline Background Monitoring for TCD Survey challenges Experience and research in other
More informationThousand Cankers Disease, Geosmithia morbida. Enhanced First Detector Training
Thousand Cankers Disease, Geosmithia morbida Enhanced First Detector Training Thousand cankers disease Potential impacts Pathogen biology and spread The vector Hosts Symptoms Scouting signs and symptoms
More informationIntroduction. Boxwood Blight Distribution. Boxwood Blight Introduction 1/11/2016 BOXWOOD BLIGHT AND THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE
Introduction BOXWOOD BLIGHT AND THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE o Both diseases are caused by fungal pathogens o Both are regulated o Neither has been found in Illinois (yet ) o Both are a concern for Illinois
More informationThousand Cankers Disease Management in Urban Forestry
Thousand Cankers Disease Management in Urban Forestry Active infestations of thousand cankers disease (TCD) of walnut are present in several pockets within Colorado and to date have caused the loss of
More informationDiagnosing Thousand Cankers Disease of Walnut Ned Tisserat & Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University
Diagnosing Thousand Cankers Disease of Walnut Ned Tisserat & Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University Thousand cankers disease (TCD) is a newly recognized disease of various species of walnut (Juglans).
More informationIssues Surrounding Thousand Cankers Disease and Its Management. Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University
Issues Surrounding Thousand Cankers Disease and Its Management Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) An Insect/Fungal Disease Complex affecting some Juglans spp. A fungus
More informationThousand Cankers Disease vs. Shallow Bark Canker Seasonal Activity of Walnut Twig Beetle in the southern San Joaquin Valley
Thousand Cankers Disease vs. Shallow Bark Canker Seasonal Activity of Walnut Twig Beetle in the southern San Joaquin Valley Botryosphaeria canker diseases Lethal Paradox Canker vs. Phytophthora Elizabeth
More informationNightmare on Walnut Street: Thousand Cankers Disease as an Emergent Threat to Juglans
Nightmare on Walnut Street: Thousand Cankers Disease as an Emergent Threat to Juglans Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University Presentation for the International Society of Arboriculture Conference Chicago,
More informationThousand Cankers Disease: Prevention & Early Detection in the Upper Midwest
Thousand Cankers Disease: Prevention & Early Detection in the Upper Midwest Upper Midwest Invasive Species Conference LaCrosse, Wisconsin October 29-31, 2012 Kathryn Kromroy, Minnesota Department of Agriculture
More informationTHOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE OF WALNUT DISTRIBUTION THE FUNGUS DISEASE SYMPTOMS THE INSECT VECTOR SURVEY AND SAMPLING MANAGEMENT OF TCD
THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE OF WALNUT DISTRIBUTION THE FUNGUS DISEASE SYMPTOMS THE INSECT VECTOR SURVEY AND SAMPLING MANAGEMENT OF TCD THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE OF BLACK WALNUT (TCD) To date, no new finds
More informationThe presence of Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) in the eastern region Cankers caused by Geosmithia morbida.
Black walnut killed by TCD in Tennessee Walnut Twig Beetle entry holes. Megan Kennelly, KSU. Lindsay Ivanyi, University of Illinois Walnut Twig Beetle & holes on walnut branch. Crown thinning & dieback
More informationEtiology of Thousand Cankers Disease in the Eastern US
Etiology of housand Cankers Disease in the Eastern US A Disease Complex Becomes More Complex Melanie Moore, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Partners Dr. Jenny Juzwik, Research Plant Pathologist
More informationTHOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE AND WALNUT TWIG BEETLE IN A THREE YEAR OLD ORCHARD, SOLANO COUNTY
THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE AND WALNUT TWIG BEETLE IN A THREE YEAR OLD ORCHARD, SOLANO COUNTY Carolyn DeBuse, Andrew Johnson, Stacy Hishinuma, Steve Seybold, Rick Bostock, and Tatiana Roubtsova ABSTRACT Some
More informationMONITORING WALNUT TWIG BEETLE ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY: OCTOBER 2011-OCTOBER 2012
MONITORING WALNUT TWIG BEETLE ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY: OCTOBER 11-OCTOBER 12 Elizabeth J. Fichtner ABSTRACT Walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, is the vector of thousand cankers
More informationCankers. FRST 307 Fall 2017
Cankers FRST 307 Fall 2017 www.forestryimages.org Website maintained by the Warnell School of Forestry at the University of Georgia, USA Unlike google images, this website is curated and accurate call
More informationThousand Cankers Disease What Have We Learned
Thousand Cankers Disease What Have We Learned J. W. Van Sambeek, Research Plant Physiologist, with the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 202 Natural Resource Building, UMC, Columbia, MO 65211-7260
More informationEmerald Ash Borer in Colorado
Emerald Ash Borer in Colorado that develops in ash trees (Fraxinus species) Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a greencolored beetle. and is Native to Asia EAB was accidentally been introduced into North America
More informationMetallic Wood Borer in the News. Emerald Ash Borer
Metallic Wood Borer in the News Emerald Ash Borer that develops in ash trees (Fraxinus species) Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a greencolored beetle. and is Native to Asia Larvae tunnel under the bark girdling
More informationMetallic Wood Borer in the News. Emerald Ash Borer
Metallic Wood Borer in the News Emerald Ash Borer that develops in ash trees (Fraxinus species) Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a greencolored beetle. and is Native to Asia Larvae tunnel under the bark girdling
More informationThousand Cankers Disease
Thousand Cankers Disease Richard Bostock Department of Plant Pathology, UC Davis 4 th NPDN National Meeting Washington, D.C. March 9, 2016 Thousand cankers disease (TCD) of Juglans species: A little history
More informationTHESIS INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF GEOSMITHIA MORBIDA THE CAUSAL AGENT OF THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE, AND EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, ISOLATE AND
THESIS INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF GEOSMITHIA MORBIDA THE CAUSAL AGENT OF THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE, AND EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, ISOLATE AND HOST FAMILY (JUGLANS NIGRA) ON CANKER DEVELOPMENT Submitted
More informationInformation sources: 1, 5
1 The twolined chestnut borer (Agrilus bilineatus) is a pest in the eastern and central United States and some southeastern parts of Canada. They were first noted in the 1900 s due to their infestation
More information2003 Tree Borer Survey
2003 Tree Borer Survey Diane Alston Utah State University 2004 Utah State Horticultural Association Convention 2003 Tree Borer Survey Status of trunk borer pests Current Utah situation 2003 tree borer
More informationButternut and Butternut Canker
Butternut and Butternut Canker Casey Jennings 10 December 2013 Photo: Casey Jennings Introduction Uncommon but valuable species (Rink 1990) Lumber valued for furniture and cabinetry Can be tapped for syrup
More informationPathway Assessment: Geosmithia sp. and Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman movement from the western into the eastern United States
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Pathway Assessment: Geosmithia sp. and Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman movement from the western into the eastern United
More informationEVALUATION OF WILD JUGLANS SPECIES FOR CROWN GALL RESISTANCE
EVALUATION OF WILD JUGLANS SPECIES FOR CROWN GALL RESISTANCE Daniel Kluepfel, Malli Aradhya, Malendia Maccree, Jeff Moersfelder, Ali McClean, and Wes Hackett INTRODUCTION Paradox is the most widely used
More informationTree injury and mortality associated with the polyphagous shot hole borer in southern California
Tree injury and mortality associated with the polyphagous shot hole borer in southern California Tom W. Coleman 1 and Steven J. Seybold 2 1 USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, San Bernardino,
More informationTHE THREAT: The disease leads to dieback in shoots and fruiting buds and an overall decline in walnut tree health.
Taking Control of Botryosphaeria in California Walnut Orchards Summary THE ISSUES: Botryosphaeria, or Bot, is a fungal disease that spreads by spores that germinate and enter the tree through existing
More informationPurdue University Department of Entomology Undergraduate Capstone Project Summary
Purdue University Department of Entomology Undergraduate Capstone Project Summary Name of Student: Sean Tormoehlen Name of Mentor: Dr. Matthew Ginzel Project Title: Seasonal flight activity of scolytine
More informationCanker Diseases in California Lodi Grape Day 2017 W. D. GUBLER DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, CA 95616
Canker Diseases in California Lodi Grape Day 2017 W. D. GUBLER DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, CA 95616 Trunk diseases Natural dieback of pruning wound Uniform color of
More informationTwo of the most important invasive Phytophthora pathways into California wildlands
Two of the most important invasive Phytophthora pathways into California wildlands Commercial Nursery 1 Landscape to Wildland Restoration Nursery Restored Wildlands Commercial Nursery 2 Restoration Nursery
More informationFor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C Price 10 cents Stock Number
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 10 cents Stock Number 0101-0222 BUTTERNUT (Juglans cinerea L.) James G. Schroeder 1 DISTRIBUTION
More informationHorticultural Insect Pests with a Threat for Introduction or Spread in Utah
Horticultural Insect Pests with a Threat for Introduction or Spread in Utah Diane Alston Utah State University Extension Entomologist Light Brown Apple Moth First Detector Training October 17, 2007 Kaysville,
More informationManagement of Wood Boring Insects. Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University
Management of Wood Boring Insects Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University Several Insects Work as Borers Some beetle larvae Flatheaded borers/metallic wood borers Roundheaded borers/longhorned beetles
More informationPest Management Workshop 2013 Ciesla, Forest Pest Control
Forest Health Issues William M. Ciesla Forest Health Management International Fort Collins, CO 2013 Tri River Area Pest Management Workshop February 19/20, 2013 Two Rivers Convention Center Grand Junction
More informationDiseases, pests, and emerging issues affecting the health of Pacific madrone. Marianne Elliott Plant Pathologist WSU Puyallup
Diseases, pests, and emerging issues affecting the health of Pacific madrone Marianne Elliott Plant Pathologist WSU Puyallup American Forests Famous and Historic Tree at Magnolia Bluffs, Seattle, WA 1996
More informationCommon Name: BUTTERNUT
Common Name: BUTTERNUT Scientific Name: Juglans cinerea Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: white walnut, oilnut Previously Used Scientific Names: Wallia cinerea (Linnaeus) Alefeld Family: Juglandaceae
More informationAg ricultural. Experiment Station. Department of Bioagricultral Sciences and Pest Management
Technical Bulletin TB-15-1 Ag ricultural Experiment Station Department of Bioagricultral Sciences and Pest Management An Annotated Bibliography of Thousand Cankers Disease Including general reports related
More informationHow to Identify an Ash Tree Infested by Emerald Ash Borer
gardens A P R I L 2 018 S O U T H DA KOTA S TAT E UN I V ER S I T Y AGRONOMY, HORTICULTURE & PLANT SCIENCE DEPARTMENT How to Identify an Ash Tree Infested by Emerald Ash Borer John Ball Professor, SDSU
More informationTuesday, June 13 Morning Session
Tuesday, June 13 Morning Session Bill Wesela APHIS-PPQ Response to Thousand Cankers Disease 2010-2017 In August 2010, the Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) leadership team explored options to respond
More informationBacterial stem canker
Forest Pathology in New Zealand No. 10 (Second Edition 2009) Bacterial stem canker M. Dick (Revised by M.A. Dick) Causal organism Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall 1902 Fig. 1 - Large resinous
More informationAN INTRODUCTION TO PLANT DISEASES. Alan Windham Professor, Plant Pathology UT Extension
AN INTRODUCTION TO PLANT DISEASES Alan Windham Professor, Plant Pathology UT Extension PLANT PATHOLOGY, AN INTRODUCTION Introductory plant pathology is often taught as an undergraduate course at an university
More informationCanker Diseases of Almond. December 10, 2015
Canker Diseases of Almond December 10, 2015 Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Florent Trouillas, UCCE Plant Pathologist Trunk and Scaffold canker diseases
More informationNectria flute canker
Forest Pathology in New Zealand No. 23 (Second Edition 2009) Nectria flute canker M.A. Dick (Revised by A.J.M Hopkins and M.A. Dick) Causal organism Neonectria fuckeliana (C. Booth) Castlebury & Rossman
More informationHISTORY USES AND HEALTH BENEFITS. Figure 31. Nanking cherries
nanking cherries Nanking cherries (Prunus tomentosa) are shrubs that grow from three feet up to ten feet tall with twigs that usually occupy an area twice as wide as the plant is tall. Up to 20 canes can
More informationProject Justification: Objectives: Accomplishments:
Spruce decline in Michigan: Disease Incidence, causal organism and epidemiology MDRD Hort Fund (791N6) Final report Team leader ndrew M Jarosz Team members: Dennis Fulbright, ert Cregg, and Jill O Donnell
More informationPomegranate Diseases: What do we know and where are we heading? Achala KC and Gary Vallad FPA Grower s Meeting Wimauma, FL 03/04/2016
Pomegranate Diseases: What do we know and where are we heading? Achala KC and Gary Vallad FPA Grower s Meeting Wimauma, FL 03/04/2016 Contents Major diseases of pomegranate in Florida Anthracnose (Colletotrichum
More informationDiagnosis of Wood Canker Causing Pathogens in Dried Plum
Diagnosis of Wood Canker Causing Pathogens in Dried Plum Themis J. Michailides David Morgan, Ryan Puckett, and Daniel Felts University of California, Davis Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center
More informationThousand Cankers Disease Survey Guidelines for 2012
Thousand Cankers Disease Survey Guidelines for 2012 United States Department of Agriculture s Forest Service (FS) and Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) April 2012 Photo credits: Bruce Moltzan (canker),
More informationCitrus. Disease Guide. The Quick ID Guide to Emerging Diseases of Texas Citrus. Citrus. Flash Cards. S. McBride, R. French, G. Schuster and K.
E-265 1/12 Citrus Flash Cards S. McBride, R. French, G. Schuster and K. Ong Citrus Disease Guide The Quick ID Guide to Emerging Diseases of Texas Citrus The Quick ID Guide to Emerging Diseases of Texas
More informationIdentification & Management of White Pine Blister Rust
Identification & Management of White Pine Blister Rust Holly Kearns USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection Sandy, Oregon A rust fungus Cronartium ribicola Complex life cycle What is White Pine Blister
More informationWalnut Council. Maryland Chapter Newsletter. Inside This Edition... Fall/Winter 2014 Volume 21, Issue 1. President s Message: They re Heeeeere...
Walnut Council Maryland Chapter Newsletter Volume 21, Issue 1 President s Message: They re Heeeeere... David Robbins In the fall of 2012, the Maryland Chapter took a bus tour to Virginia to look at the
More informationAsst. Cooperative Extension Specialist / Plant Pathologist Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology.
A new threat to California avocado industry Akif Eskalen (Ph.D.) Asst. Cooperative Extension Specialist / Plant Pathologist Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology University it of California, i
More informationWOOD DESTROYING BEETLES BORA-CARE TECHNICAL BULLETIN. 100 Nisus Drive Rockford, TN USA
WOOD DESTROYING BEETLES BORA-CARE TECHNICAL BULLETIN 100 Nisus Drive Rockford, TN 37853 USA 800.264.0870 www.nisuscorp.com BORA-CARE TECHNICAL BULLETIN: WOOD DESTROYING BEETLES (ALWAYS READ AND UNDERSTAND
More informationOutreach Highlights. Missouri Invasive Forest Pest Council
Outreach Highlights Missouri Invasive Forest Pest Council treepests.missouri.edu Cieneral Information Help slow the spread of EAB. Know the signs and symptoms of EAB and most importantly, burn firewood
More informationThe Pomology Post. Hull Rot Management on Almonds. by Brent Holtz, Ph.D., University of California Pomology Advisor
University of California Cooperative Extension The Pomology Post Madera County Volume 54, JUNE 2007 Hull Rot Management on Almonds by Brent Holtz, Ph.D., University of California Pomology Advisor Many
More informationJapanese Knotweed Red Winged Blackbird
Japanese Knotweed Red Winged Blackbird Emerald Ash Borer White Ash Tree Asian Long Horned Beetle Maple Tree I am a beautiful songbird native to North America. I live in marine and freshwater wetlands and
More informationStatus of thousand cankers disease on eastern black walnut in the eastern United States at two locations over 3 years
For. Path. 45 (2015) 203 214 doi: 10.1111/efp.12154 2014 The Author. Forest Pathology Published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
More informationDevelopment of an efficient machine planting system for progeny testing Ongoing progeny testing of black walnut, black cherry, northern red oak,
HTIRC Tree Improvement Accomplishments over the last five-years 2011-2015 by, Jim McKenna M.S. Operational Tree Breeder, USDA-FS-NRS-14 Development of an efficient machine planting system for progeny testing
More information2017 PECAN WEEVIL UPDATE
2017 PECAN WEEVIL UPDATE Brad Lewis 1, Emily Fricke 2, Ryan Hiles 2 1,2 New Mexico Department of Agriculture 1 Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science New Mexico State University Outline
More informationCommonwealth of Pennsylvania Thousand Cankers Disease Action Plan
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Thousand Cankers Disease Action Plan APRIL 13, 2012 Prepared by: Pennsylvania Forest Pest Task Force 1 Adapted from the State of Tennessee Thousand Cankers Disease Action Plan
More informationCOLD HARDY GRAFTED AVOCADOS Avocados were first introduced in Florida in 1833 & are sometimes called alligator pears.
www.anaturalfarm.com AVOCADO CARE GUIDE REVISED MARCH, 2016 COLD HARDY GRAFTED AVOCADOS Avocados were first introduced in Florida in 1833 & are sometimes called alligator pears. AVOCADO TYPES There are
More informationPeanut disease photos
NC STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Plant Pathology Peanut disease photos Disease page Disease page Aspergillus crown rot 2 Web blotch 17 Spotted wilt 3-4 Root-knot nematodes 18 Leaf spots 5-7 Rhizoctonia
More informationBorers. What kinds of insects are borers? How do borers find stressed trees?
What kinds of insects are borers? Moths Shoot tip moths (several families) Clear wing moths Others, pyralid moths, carpenter worms Beetles Metallic wood boring beetles (Flat headed borers) Long horned
More informationAndy Walker
Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch Phylloxeridae, Hemiptera Andy Walker awalker@ucdavis.edu 1 Acknowledgements California Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission / California Grape Rootstock Research Foundation
More informationTwo New Verticillium Threats to Sunflower in North America
Two New Verticillium Threats to Sunflower in North America Thomas Gulya USDA-Agricultural Research Service Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo ND 58105 gulyat@fargo.ars.usda.gov ABSTRACT A new strain
More informationCurrent research status and strategic challenges on the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus in Uganda
Current research status and strategic challenges on the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus in Uganda Dr. Godfrey Kagezi (PhD) Senior Research Officer/Plant Entomologst National Coffee Research
More informationDiscovery of Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, Associated with Forested Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, in the Eastern U.S.
Forests 2014, 5, 1185-1193; doi:10.3390/f5061185 Communication OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999-4907 www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Discovery of Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, Associated with
More informationJanice Y. Uchida Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa
Janice Y. Uchida Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa Phytophthora species Some of the most destructive pathogens The genus has a very wide host range;
More informationSpotted Wing Drosophila
Spotted Wing Drosophila Joyce Rainwater Farm Outreach Worker Lincoln University Jefferson and Washington Counties 314-800-4076 rainwaterj@lincolnu.edu Debi Kelly Horticulture/Local Foods Specialist University
More informationPlanting Trees for Energy Savings. Jesse Randall ISU Forestry Extension
Planting Trees for Energy Savings Jesse Randall ISU Forestry Extension 515-294-1168 BENEFITS OF WINDBREAKS Reduced Wind Velocity Controls Snow Drifting Source of Food Property Value Enhancement Wildlife
More informationReceived 25 August Accepted 25 January First published online 8 July 2015.
Wingnut (Juglandaceae) as a new generic host for Pityophthorus juglandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the thousand cankers disease pathogen, Geosmithia morbida (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) Stacy M. Hishinuma,
More informationFax: (613) Princiotta. Group. Greely, ON K4P 1P6. Dear Joe, proposed. Clapp Lane. issuing of such. a permit. on the subject.
P.O. Box 13593, Ottawa, ON K2KK 1X6 Telephone: (613) 839-0101 Fax: (613) 839-0114 Website: www.ifsassociates.ca Urban Forestry & Forest Management Consulting September 22, 2014 Joe Princiotta Princiotta
More informationBacterial Wilt of Dry Beans in Western Nebraska
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Panhandle Research and Extension Center Agricultural Research Division of IANR 2011 Bacterial Wilt of Dry Beans in Western
More informationManaging Pests & Disease in the Vineyard. Michael Cook
Managing Pests & Disease in the Vineyard Michael Cook Who is this guy? Challenges Facing Growers 1) Pierce s Disease 2) Pest & Disease Pressure fungal 3) Late Freeze 4) Rain excess and timing 5) Vigor
More informationThyronectria Canker Caused by: Hosts: Symptoms: Prognosis: Management: Prevention: Other information:
Thyronectria Canker Caused by: the fungus Thyronectria austro-americana Hosts: honey-locust Symptoms: causes girdling branch and trunk cankers that result in branch dieback, reduced foliage, yellowing
More informationPrepared by Louise Ferguson, Mark Bell, Mark Henderson
Prepared by Louise Ferguson, Mark Bell, Mark Henderson IPM FOR THE DISEASES Verticillium Wilt Armillaria Root Rot (Oak Root Fungus) Alterneria (Late Blight) Botrytis (Blossom, Shoot & Fruit Blight) Panicle
More informationAsian Citrus Psyllid and Huanglongbing (HLB)
Asian Citrus Psyllid and Huanglongbing (HLB) Victoria Hornbaker California Department of Food and Agriculture Feb. 2, 2016 California s iconic citrus is at risk! Approximately 70% of residences have at
More informationDisease management update for muscadines in the Southeast
Disease management update for muscadines in the Southeast Phillip M. Brannen Extension Plant Pathologist -- Fruits Plant Pathology Department University of Georgia Primary Southeastern Muscadine Diseases
More informationRecognizing and Managing Blueberry Diseases
Recognizing and Managing Blueberry Diseases 2016 Mississippi Blueberry Education Workshop Hattiesburg, Mississippi January 14, 2016 Rebecca A. Melanson, Extension Plant Pathologist Central MS Research
More informationAmerican Chestnut. Demise of an Eastern Giant
American Chestnut Demise of an Eastern Giant American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Component of Appalachian Mountain Region ecology as far back as 17-25 mya. Range stretched from Maine to Michigan (east/west)
More informationDowny Mildew Confirmed in Ohio Cucumbers
VegNet Vol. 13, No. 10. July 6, 2006 Ohio State University Extension Vegetable Crops On the WEB at: http://vegnet.osu.edu If experiencing problems receiving this fax, Call 614-292-3857 In This Issue 1.
More informationOriental Fruit Moth Invades Illinois
Oriental Fruit Moth Invades Illinois By W. P. FLINT and S. C. CHANDLER University of Illinois College of Agriculture and Agricultural Experiment Station Circular 338 THE cover picture shows a peach into
More informationManagement of cucurbit diseases in the panhandle: Notes for 2016
Management of cucurbit diseases in the panhandle: Notes for 2016 Mathews Paret, Mason Newark (PhD student), Eric Newberry (PhD student), Tatiana Sanchez (Post-doctoral fellow) & Nicholas Dufault, Laura
More informationWALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010
WALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010 Carolyn DeBuse, John Edstrom, Janine Hasey, and Bruce Lampinen ABSTRACT Hedgerow walnut orchards have been studied since the 1970s as a high density system
More informationPhytophthora ramorum: cause of sudden oak death and other diseases
Phytophthora ramorum: cause of sudden oak death and other diseases University of California Cooperative Extension Oregon State University USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service California Oak
More informationArthropod Management in California Blueberries. David Haviland and Stephanie Rill UC Cooperative Extension, Kern Co. Blueberry Field Day 20 May 2009
Arthropod Management in California Blueberries David Haviland and Stephanie Rill UC Cooperative Extension, Kern Co. Blueberry Field Day 20 May 2009 Citrus thrips White grubs Flower thrips Flatheaded borer
More informationKielty Arborist Services LLC P.O. Box 6187 San Mateo, CA
Kielty Arborist Services LLC P.O. Box 6187 San Mateo, CA 94403 January 15, 2016 California Water Service Attn: Ms. Selma Vukolic 1278 Redcliff Drive San Jose, CA 95118 Site: California Water Corporation
More informationDiagnosis and detection of fungi occurring on grapevines in Australia 8th International Congress of Plant Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand, 2003
diagnostic and research work presented at national and international conferences Diagnosis and detection of fungi occurring on grapevines in Australia 8th International Congress of Plant Pathology, Christchurch,
More informationForest Pathology in New Zealand No. 22 (Second Edition 2010) Lupin blight. Monique Williams
Forest Pathology in New Zealand No. 22 (Second Edition 2010) Lupin blight Monique Williams (Revised by M.A. Dick) Fig. 1 - Shoot of Lupinus arboreus showing crooked and twisted tip caused by Colletotrichum
More informationCornell University Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic Diagnostic Review Report
Time Period Report for August 20 th through August 26 th, 2013 Acer palmatum Maple Additional Sample Requested (Identification Analysis) 1 0 0 0 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Crown and Root Rot (Phytophthora
More informationNative Plants in the South Pasadena Nature Park - #1
Native Plants in the South Pasadena Nature Park - #1 Powerpoint Presentation and Photographs by Barbara Eisenstein, October 23, 2012 To identify plants use some of your senses (and your common sense):
More informationDiseases Insect Pests
Insect & Disease Compendium 2010 Diseases Anthracnose 1 Armillaria Root Rot 2 Bacterial Leaf Scorch 3 Bacterial Wetwood 4 Butt & Heart Rots 5 Fire Blight 6 Hypoxylon Canker 7 Phytophthora Root Rot 8 Pine
More informationPlant Disease and Insect Advisory
Plant Disease and Insect Advisory Entomology and Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University 127 Noble Research Center Stillwater, OK 74078 Vol. 7, No. 30 http://entoplp.okstate.edu/pddl/ July 28, 2008 Bacterial
More information