CDC Teal hard red spring wheat

Transcription

1 hard red spring wheat Hughes, G. R. and Hucl, P hard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci.73z Teal is an early-maturing hard red spring wheat best adapted to the Black of western Canada. It combines early maturity with good yield potential, increased kernel size and leaf and stem rust resistance. It was developed at the University of Saskatchewan from a three-way cross involving BW5l4 (Nainari 60/Huelquen), Benito and BW38 (UM953A/; UM953A : Sonora 64lTezanos Pintos Precos). Key words: Triticum aestivum, cultivar description, bread wheat Hughes, G. R. et Hucl, P B16 roux vitreux de printemps. Can. J. Plant Sci. 73: est un bl6 roux vitreux de printemps pr6coce, particulibrement bien adapt6 )r la zone des sols noirs de I'ouest canadien. En plus d'une grande pr6cocit6 et d'une bonne productivit6, il b6n6ficie d'un grain plus gros et d'une meilleure r6sistance aux rouilles des feuilles et de la tige. Il a 6td obtenu ir I'Universit6 de la Saskatchewan i partir d'un croisement i trois voies impliquant BW514 (Nainari 60 x Huelquen), Benito et BW 38 (UM953A x ). UM953A provenait du croisement Sonora 64 x Tezanos Pintos Precos). Mots cl6s: Triticum aestivum, description de cultivar, bl6 panifiable hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed jointly by the Department of Crop Science and Plant Ecology and the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan. Registration no was issued for on 10 May 1991 by the Variety Registration Office, Food Production and Inspection Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Pedigree and Breeding Method was selected from the cross BW514/Benito//BW38. BW38 rum953a/ ; UM953A : Sonora 64lTezanos Pintos Precos) and BW514 (Nainari 60/ Huelquen) are experimental lines from the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Winnipeg and the University of Saskatchewan, respectively. The three-way cross was made in1977 and the resulting population advanced to the F5 generation by a modified singleplant bulk method of selection. The F2 and F5 generations were grown in winter increase nurseries at Lincoln, New Zealand. Selection for plant height, maturity, straw strength and rust resistance occurred on a Can. J. Plant Sci. 73: (Jan. 1993) single-plant basis in the F3 and Fa generations and on single-head progeny rows in the F6 and F7 generations. The selected F7 progeny rows were harvested in bulk. These F7-derived lines were evaluated for yield and quality in tests at Saskatoon and at one to three other Saskatchewan locations per year during 1983 to One F7-derived F11 line (W84315) was entered in the Western Bread Wheat 'B' Test in This line was tested as BW616 in the Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Test from 1987 to, and in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Test from to Breeder seed of consists of the bulk of 83 breeder lines which are individually maintained. Each line was derived from a F11 head selection made in Performance and Adaptation was significantly higher yielding than (Table 1). It outyielded by 9% in the Dark Brown and by 7% inthe Black. It was similar in yield to (Tables I and 2), but significantly lower yielding than Laura in the Brown and Dark Brown s (Table 2). r93

2 194 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE Table I. Grain yield ('ffi hg ha - t) of wheat and check cultivars in Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Tests, Dark Brown " Black Mean r A 0.4 zdark Brown sites are Regina and Saskatoon; Black sites are Glenlea, Morden, Portage la Prairie, Brandon, Dauphin, Indian Head, Yorkton or Ituna, and Melfort. Table 2. Grain yield ('00 hg ha -t) of wheat and check cultivars in Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Tests Brown z Dark Brown Black Laura r zdark Brown sites are Swift Current, Stewart Valley, and Kindersley; Dark Brown s are Lethbridge, Regina, Watrous, Acme, Inicana, Scott, Elrose and Saskatoon; the Black site is Ellerslie. Table 3. Agronomic characteristics of wheat and check cultivars in Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Tests, Maturity (d) Height (cm) Lodging (t-9)" Test (kg hl-t) 1000-kernel (9.) l z,j l.j ZJ '1 : no lodging, 9 : completely lodged. is similar to in maturity, height and lodging resistance, and has better test weight but smaller kernels (Table 3). It is shorter and stronger strawed than and Laura (Table 4). In eastern Saskatchewan and Manitoba, it matures I d earlier than and 4 d earlier than. It is 2 d earlier than Laura. provides early maturity with a yield level and is best suited to the Black. is superior to and similar to and Laura for resistance to stem and leaf rust (Tables 5 and 6). It has better loose smut resistance than Laura and

3 HUGHES AND HUCL CDC TEAL HARD RED SPRING WHEAT Table 4. Agronomic characteristics of wheat and check cultivars in Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Tests, Maturity (d) Height (cm) lodging (r-9)' Test (kg hl-t) 100O-kernel G) Laura 9't.4 97.r LJ ' )L r '7 = no lodging, 9 : completely lodged. Table 5. Disease reactions of and check cultivars, Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Tests, Year Leaf Stem Loose smutj Comrnon bunty root rotx 1990 r990 r MR* MR IO R-MR t0r 3 VR l0 M VR 5 R 5 vr VR Tr MR IO MR-MS 2 R.MR 10 MR IO R-MR 10 MR-MS 20 MR.MS 3VR 1I MR 6R 2I MR 3R -R 20 MR OR 4MR 1I MR 18 MR 16 MR 36r r IR 1 7R 7R IOR 6R 22MR 33 1 zomr 4MR * S 25 44S 26 43S 25 zpercentage infection and pustule reaction type. JPercentage infection and resistance rating. xdisease index. *VR=veryresistant,R:resistant,MR:moderatelyresistant, I=intermediate,M=mesotheticreaction, MS : moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, Tr : trace infection. *,x* Significantly different from atrhe 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively. 40* 42 5g** better bunt resistance than either Laura or Other Characteristics, but is inferior to. In weather- GRowrn HABrr. Spring. ing tests, performs similarly to ColeoprIle and is inferior to-raieowa.;;&; colour' Green' its sprouting resistance is superior to that of LEAVES' Light green, glabrous, slight and is similar to (Table 7). waxy bloom.

4 196 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE Table 6. Disease reactions of and check cultivars, Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Tests, Year Iee;f Stem lnose smut! bunty root rotx 1987 ZM MR-MSW MR-M 20 R.MR l0r 3R 1l R' 6R" 13S 16 I 36r n MR-MS 20 MR R l0 MR l0 R-MR l0r 5VR Kuepwa Iaara 11 R" 3Rv 52S 73HS 5I IR 1 34S S 52S 26 4'l 2l* 35** 23* 1987 I VR 5 R l0 vr I8 MR 4R 12 MR 2ls 6I 43S 36** 58** 38 zpercentage infection and pustule reaction type. JPercentage infection and resistance rating. *Disease index. wvr=veryresistant,r=resistant,mr:moderatelyresistant, I:intermediate,MS=moderatelysusceptible, S = susceptible, Tr = trace infection. vdata from the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Test. *,*x Significantly different from atthe 5% and l% probability levels, respectively. Table 7. Mean percentage sprouted heads and falling number values after various weathering tests for and check cultrvars LSD (P : 0.05) Weathering tests % sprouted headsz FNIY FN2X FN3* zpercent intact spikes sprouted after immersion in water for 5 h then placed in a mist chamber at98% RII and 20'C for 7 d at Saskatoon (mean of two replicates of l0 spikes) in 1990 and Spikes harvested at GS 92. vfalling number values determined on grain from intact spikes treated in a mist chamber for 72 h at Saskatoon in 1990 and 1991 (mean of two replicates of 20 spikes). xfalling number values determined on grain from artificial weathering tess, Central Bread Wheat Cmperative test, 'Falling number values determined on grain from plants left standing in the field for approximately 60 d after physiological maturiq/, Central Bread Wheat Cooperative test, n ffi 445 r y 'l Cut-vt. Pronounced waxy bloom on upper internode, little or no anthocyanin at maturity, fine straight neck, hollow internodes. Helonlc. Early. SAwFLY REAcrIoN. Susceptible. SHnrrr,nrNlc. Resistant, similar to.

5 HUGHES AND HUCL _ CDC TEAL HARD RED SPRING WHEAT 197 SpnounNc TENDENcY. Medium, similar to. Weerupnnrc REsrsrANcE. Low. sirnilar to. Spike Characteristics AwNs. Apically awnletred. SHepr,. Strap or oblong, mid-dense, mid-long. ATTITUDE. ETect. Glurraes. Glabrous, white at maturity, narrow to mid-wide, mid-long; shoulders rounded to square, mid-wide; beaks narrow, acute, slight basal folds. Kernel Characteristics Coloun. Medium red. Texrunn. Hard. SHAPE. Mid-size, mid-wide, mid-long, ovate. Genv. Mid-size, oval. CnrAss. Mid-wide, deep. Cneers. Angular. BRUSH. Mid-size, mid{ong to long. KeRnnI-s. Colour medium red: cheeks angular, brush mid-size, hairs medium to long; crease medium, deep; germ mid-size, oval. Gnenp ELrcrBrLITy. Top grades of Canadian Western Red Spring Wheat. Disease Reaction Resistant to prevalent races of leaf rust caused by Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici and stem rust caused by P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.; moderately resistant to loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr. ; intermediate resistance to common bunt caused by Tilletia foetida (Wall.) Liro and T. caries (DC.) Tul.; moderately susceptible to common root rot caused by Cochliobolus satitas (to & Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dast. Maintenance and Distribution of Pedigreed Seed Breeder seed will be maintained by the Crop Development Cenffe, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0. Distribution and multiplication of pedigreed seed stocks is being handled by Value-Added Seeds Inc., Box 390, Saltcoats, Saskatchewan. Canada S0A 3R0. Appreciation is expressed to D. Lucuik, D. Beauchesne, K. Wu, D. Huel, D. Cyca, G. Irmon and D. Bergh for their technical assistance in developing this early maturing bread wheat cultivar. G.R. Hughesr and P. Hucl2 ldepartmcnt of Crop Science and Plent Ecology, Universiry of Saskntchewan, Sasl<atoon, Saskntchewan, Canqda S7N 0W0; and 2Crop Development Centre, University of Saslratchewan, Sasl<atoon, Sasketchewan, Canadn S7N 01V0. Received 31 January 1992, accepted 24 July 1992.