Cubero J.I. (ed.), Saxena M.C. (ed.). Present status and future prospects of faba bean production and improvement in the Mediterranean countries

Transcription

1 Vicia faba France Duc G., Le Guen J. Cubero J.I. (ed.), Saxena M.C. (ed.). Present status and future prospects production and improvement the Mediterranean countries Zaragoza : CIHEAM Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n pages Article available on le / Article disponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Duc G., Le Guen J. Vicia faba France. In : Cubero J.I. (ed.), Saxena M.C. (ed.). Present status and future prospects production and improvement the Mediterranean countries. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, p (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n. 10)

2 CIHEAM Options Mediterraneennes Vicia faba France G. DUC* J. LE GUEN** *INRA. STATION DE GÉNÉTIQUE ET D~AMELIORATION DES P~ANTES BV 150, 2103 DIJON CEDEX, FRANCE **INRA, STATION DIAMÉLIORATION DES PLANTES DOMAINE DE LA MOTTE AU VICOMTE BP 3550 LE RHEU, FRANCE The economic situation is The ma objectives genetics and pathology given, the name active Genetic species seems to be enough to meet most the objectives. The ma limitg immediate development the the lack cold and adequate Vicia faba en France. La situation économique de la féverole en France est décrite. Les prcipaux objectifs de recherche en amélioration génétique et en pathologie sont mentionnés asi que les laboratoires fiançais impliqués. apparaît une variabilité génétique importante au se de cette espèce, susceptible de répondre aux grands objectifs de la sélection. Les facteurs limitant actuellement l étendue de cette culture en France sont d une part un manque de résistance au froid dans les types hiver et un manque d attractivité des prix et des marchés. Among legume pea and soybean (Table 1). Unlike and is is small with an almost 1/20 th that peas, the beg 20 times below. 198, the (52000 ha, Table 2) with a the southwest the 3 successive cold have led to a the cultivated (2300 ha 1988 which one is located the southwest, Fig. 1). with should this the the cultivation is located the (27000 ha) and it The this is maly due to the goodyield with sowg dates heavy soils. This use difficult zones explas the yields with a national mean close to 3.5 t/ha, to pea which has a national mean yield close to.5 tha. used with (98% animal feed, 2% as human food). This all needs animal feed: 1985, x10 t soybean meal. is not selfsufficient sce 1987 it im 1.1~10~ t legume seeds and 19.~10~ t soybean meal. Stability needs is expected the That means that be scope faba use. Major needs production France beside classical it cludesspecific needs: types Botrytis and Ascochyta.. to the and adapted technological to get: Options n.o : Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

3 CIHEAM Options Mediterraneennes Table 1. EEC production gra legume seeds (O00 t) " Faba bean Lupe Soybean Spa United Spa United Spa Lux. EEC Spa aestimated FAO (1989) Table 2. French production seeds. hawest aestimated (CU0 ha) T Yield (tba) and a (000 t) a 13 value. Absence tanns feedg a& mals. Absence glucosides feeds a collection system, Laboratories presently workg on Vicia faba research France 1) au Vicomte, 2) G. Génétique et 150, , 3550 Le des 3) Ets Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

4 CIHEAM Options Mediterraneennes Fig. 1. Faba bean cultivated estimated types: 2300 ha. types: 2700 ha ) Thomas, ) Tivoli, Station de 1, gie, 29, 3550 Le 5) de 7) F. 5 de St 3502 de Végétale, Av Céda. enue Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

5 CIHEAM Options Mediterraneennes polyphenols: Jay, Claude Lyon de et , 922 Soil N. INRA, Station 150, 2103 Cédex. Zoology Station de Zoologie, 29, 3550 Le meu. and cytology: himal science: L. Lacassagne, m, Station de Avicoles, Station ches de la SatGilles, Technology glucosides Gueguen, Chem de la 072 Nantes Cédex. lnterpression and organizations development GE Avenue V, Avenue Wilson, 7511 conducted the fields plant pathology, physiologyandwiththe objectives stated the sections that follow. Yield improvement Study yield establishment (laboratories 1,2,3,,5,7,9) dependent ovules/pod, genotypes). Higher autertility (laboratories 1,3,1 supply, numand This types which the season when activity islow. Genetic available this Earless (laboratories 1,2,3,) is and this types dested types dicates possibilities Hybrid production (laboratories,10,11) has studies and its level is enough an economic The limit is stability available cytoplasmic male The diction stability by the cytoplasmic content plant tissues opens a new way stable male les. Resistance to Botrytis fabae and Aschochyta fabae (laboratories 1,) These two pathogens the most ones An has been developed Vicia faba. can be applied on sgle plantlets. Botrytis (obtaed and Egyptian National and Ascochyta now these techniques. yield is components seed development, 100 seed seeds pod, pods node, stems). evaluated effect on yield and its. location, density, light availability, Genetic specific a plant ideotype): difbeg studied 13 Frost resistance The level on plants is not high enough 15 C late 10 C culti Genotypes ( Côte seem to show high levels ness. They will be used conducted with the the objective Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

6 CIHEAM Options Mediterraneennes l ' will be the development an G.G. on nique. With on nut Quality improvement (laboratories 2,1,8,12,13) on cytoplasmic male ste otypes that gen With Egypt on pathology. ts the seed coat, glucosides With on. These the way is Vicia faba. International cooperation Conclusion The immediate cultivacomxted tion will depend on two ma With EEC Vicia faba and quality evaluation Two types on yield stability those adapted is. 137 Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens