Managing on-farm biosecurity risk through pre-emptive breeding: rust of pulses

Transcription

1 A Managing on-farm biosecurity risk through pre-emptive breeding: rust of pulses JUDITH LICHTENZVEIG A, ELEONORA BARILLI B, NEGUSSIE TADESSE GEBEYEHU C, RAMESH CHAND D, BAO SHYING E, SEID AHMED C, DIEGO RUBIALES B, MATTHEW RODDA F, GARRY ROSEWARNE F B C D E F

2 Pulse Pathology and Genetics group Chickpea Lentil Faba bean Field pea Ascochyta blight Pathogen diversity Effector discovery Novel sources of resistance Wild Chickpea Pea Genome

3 Rust of pulses Uromyces spp Rust on faba bean (AgEvo; Plant Health Australia FS) IT = 0 (HR) IT = 1 (R) By Joop Van Leur (NSW-DPI), China IT = 3 (MS) IT = 3,4 (S) Mature urodinia

4 Chickpea Fenugreek Alfalfa Rust of pulses taxonomy Cypres spurge Field pea (different geographical locations) Clover Bean Cowpea Field pea Faba bean & other Vicia spp Lathyrus Vetch Lentil Eleonora Barilli, Zlatko Satovic, Josefina C. Sillero, Diego Rubiales and Ana M. Torres 2010 Journal of Phytopathology. -Phylogenetic Analysis of Uromyces Species Infecting Grain and Forage Legumes by Sequence analysis of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of the ITS region using the GTR+G model. Numbers above branches are bootstrap support values (>50%) from 500 ML bootstrap replicas, and numbers below the branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (>0.50).

5 Rust of field pea and lentil Phylum: Basidiomycota; Class: Urediniomycetes; Subclass: Incertae sedis; Order: Uredinales; Family: Pucciniaceae; Uromyces pisi (Pers.) Liro, 1908 Rust of field pea, pea rust, broad bean rust Narrow host range Heteroecious: Euphorbia cyparissias (cypress spurge) Fabaceae spp. Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers.) J. Schrot, 1875 Rust of field pea; rust of broad bean, bean rust, lentil rust, vetch rust, pea rust Species complex Autoecious (sexual and asexual rep in single host) Host specificity forma specialis?

6 Host range of Uromyces viciae-fabae isolates Emeran, A. A., Sillero, J. C., Niks, R. E., and Rubiales, D Plant Disease Infection structures of hostspecialized isolates of Uromyces viciae-fabae and of other species of Uromyces infecting leguminous crops

7 Rust of pulses world distribution U. pisi U. viciae fabae Host species distribution or specific climatic requirements may be responsible for the sporadic appearance of the disease under Australian conditions, particularly in southern cropping areas. The risk of a more aggressive race developing remains distinctly possible. K. Lindbeck 2013 Contingency Plan, Plant Health Australia

8 Chickpea Fenugreek Alfalfa Rust of pulses - Australia Cypres spurge Field pea (different geographical locations) Clover Bean Cowpea Field pea Faba bean & other Vicia spp Lathyrus Vetch Lentil U. minor in Southern Hemisphere (Van der Merwe et al. 2007; Wiberg and Walker 1990) U. viciea fabae on faba bean only in Australia Barilli et al 2010 J of Phytopathology

9 Pre-emptive breeding program U. viciae fabae Field trials/isolate collection Project outputs: Evaluation of Australian field pea and lentil breeding lines for rust response (field trials and against multiple isolates) Current information on the species distribution, and pathogen population structure in key cropping areas. Parental genetic stocks in elite adapted Australian background with resistance to U. viciae-fabae (lentil and field pea) and/or U. pisi (field pea). Molecular markers flanking rust-resistant loci (within 2cM) in lentil and field pea.

10 trials in Spain Field trials in Cordoba, Spain sown in December and evaluated through March-May 2014; 84 field pea accessions of P. sativum sativum from Spain and 221 lentil accessions (211 Lens culinaris, 3 L. culinaris odemensis, 5 L. ervoides, 2 L. nigricans) were evaluated. Disease severity (%) in field pea upon infection with U. pisi isolate Up- Co01 under field conditions. Above is the outlier and quantile box plot. Disease severity (%) in lentil upon infection with U. viciae-fabae (ex. lentil) isolate, Uvf-Va10 under field conditions. In dark green, the wild accessions. Prof Diego Rubiales & Dr Eleonora Barilli

11 trials in Spain Prof Diego Rubiales & Dr Eleonora Barilli Disease severity (%) of Lens accessions according to the disease severity observed post infection with various U. viciae-fabae (ex lentil) isolates. Right to the each histogram is the outlier and quantile box plot.

12 trials in Ethiopia (lentil) The lentil Australian (n=80) and Ethiopian materials (n= 110) were evaluated at the research stations at Chefe Donsa, (08 44 N, and E, 2400 m.a.s.l) and Sinana (7 N latitude and 40 E longitude; and 2400 m.a.s.l.) in September 2014 during the main cropping season under natural rust infections. Dr Seid Ahmed & Dr Negussie Tedesse The nursery was planted in a single 1m-row with three replications at Chefe Donsa (Fig. 1) and two replication at Sinana. Every 10 test entries, susceptible and resistant lentil referent genotypes were planted at both stations. The field trial sites were surrounded by local landraces highly susceptible to rust. It is noted that El-142 (S-reference) will be replaced by another more susceptible line in the coming season.

13 trials in Ethiopia (lentil) Dr Seid Ahmed & Dr Negussie Tedesse Isolate collection worldwide library in Spain

14 Entry Potential risks to Australian Industry U. pisi U. vicieae fabae Low-Medium (sexual alt host; asexual with passengers and food; difficult to visualised) Establishment Medium (susceptible cultivars; late detection; U. pisi in template areas eg. Spain; alternative host in TAS but not widespread) Spread Economic Medium (wind dispersed long distances; restricted host range; susceptible cultivars; spores transported in seed or machinery long distances; wind-blown plant debris) Medium (substantial diseases severity in susceptible cultivars) Environmental Negligent Negligent Social Low Low Overall MEDIUM MEDIUM Adapted from K. Lindbeck s contingency plan for rust of field pea and lentil Medium (sexual and asexual stages with passengers and food; difficult to visualised High (established in AU on other pulse crops over a wide geographic and climatic area; field pea and most lentil cultivars in Australia are susceptible to U. viciaefabae rust; late detection) High (wind dispersal of spores; can reproduce every 8-10 days; broad host range; spores transported in seed or machinery for long distances; wind-blown plant debris) Medium (substantial diseases severity in susceptible cultivars)

15 Ethiopian lentil (pulse) industry Landrace Alamaya Jirru

16 Sporadic rust epidemic hits hard in 2015 Landrace Alamaya 15BIR / KG LENTIL BIR / KG LENTIL IN 2015 It impacts everybody s plate

17 Pulse Pathology and Genetics group Dr Judith Lichtenzveig Dr Bernadette Henares Dr Robert Lee Dr Wing Yee Liu (Dr) Robert Syme Ms Christy Grime Ms Lina Farfan Caceres Mr Johannes Debler Mr Chala Turo Dr Negussie Dr Seid Prof Rubiales

18 With Seid Ahmed Ethiopia early season AUG 2015