Developing reference tree ring data sets for dating and provenancing Iberian shipwrecks

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1 Developing reference tree ring data sets for dating and provenancing Iberian shipwrecks Marta Domínguez Delmás University of Santiago de Compostela Department of Botany ForSEAdiscovery Fellow (PITN 2013 GA )

2 Species Oak (Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. faginea, Q. pyrenaica, Q. pubescens) Pine (Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris)

3 Dendrochronology and dendro provenancing

4 Existing chronologies in 2014 Broadleaf Conifers Domínguez Delmás et al Journal of Archaeological Science 57,

5 Approach

6 1. Division into watersheds 2. Definition of provenance micro units 4. Retrospective extension of chronologies 3. Development of local chronologies 5. Dendroprovenancing Domínguez-Delmás et al Int J Nautical Archaeology

7 Challenges we are facing

8 1. Finding the forests

9 1. Finding the forests

10 2. Finding the trees

11 3. Finding the signal: oaks Quercus pyrenaica Quercus faginea

12 3. Finding the signal: pines Temporal variation of correlation between chronologies ( ) Black pine (Pinus nigra) Domínguez Delmás et al. 2013, European Journal of Forest Research 132(4)

13 4. Finding suitable dendro samples 47 rings YAR01 001W 01S, Quercus subg. quercus (dendro code YAR00010)

14 4. Finding suitable dendro samples 228 rings!!! RIB01 006W 01S, Quercus subg. quercus (dendro code RIB00060)

15 4. Finding suitable dendro samples 144 rings Insert pics of the shipwrecks from last year or MAG01 010W 01S, Quercus subg. Quercus (dendro code MAG00080)

16 353 trees (Quercus sp. and Pinus nigra) in Gipuzkoa, Araba, Navarra and Jaen 220 timber elements (Quercus sp. and Pinus sp.) from buildings in Gipuzkoa, Segovia, Jaen and Granada 131 shipwreck samples

17 Preliminary results

18 Oaks in the Basque Country Sites Species N Span N r rings trees AZK Q. robur UZK1m Q. robur UZK2u Q. robur OIR Q. robur ALB Quercus sp JUG Q. pyrenaica Q. robur OTE Q. faginea (492) (1524) GOR1 Q. pyrenaica (470) (1546) GOR2 Q. petraea

19 Oaks in the Basque Country Sites Species N Span N r rings trees AZK Q. robur UZK1m Q. robur UZK2u Q. robur OIR Q. robur ALB Quercus sp JUG Q. pyrenaica Q. robur OTE Q. faginea (492) (1524) GOR1 Q. pyrenaica (470) (1546) GOR2 Q. petraea

20 Oaks in the Basque Country Sites Species N Span N r rings trees AZK Q. robur UZK1m Q. robur UZK2u Q. robur OIR Q. robur ALB Quercus sp JUG Q. pyrenaica Q. robur OTE Q. faginea (492) (1524) GOR1 Q. pyrenaica (470) (1546) GOR2 Q. petraea CC=0.69 tbp=12.2

21 Oaks in the Basque Country Sites Species N Span N r rings trees AZK Q. robur UZK1m Q. robur UZK2u Q. robur OIR Q. robur ALB Quercus sp JUG Q. pyrenaica Q. robur OTE Q. faginea (492) (1524) GOR1 Q. pyrenaica (470) (1546) GOR2 Q. petraea OTE GOR1 TBP = 11.4 CC = 0.48 OTE GOR2 TBP =7.81 CC = 0.53

22 Oaks in the Basque Country Sites Species N Span N r rings trees AZK Q. robur UZK1m Q. robur UZK2u Q. robur OIR Q. robur ALB Quercus sp JUG Q. pyrenaica Q. robur OTE Q. faginea (492) (1524) GOR1 Q. pyrenaica (470) (1546) GOR2 Q. petraea OTE ALB TBP = 9.15 CC = 0.52 GOR1 ALB TBP =7.96 CC = 0.48

23 Buildings in coastal areas contain only timbers from fast grown trees La Antigua church, Zumarraga, Basque Country

24 Buildings in coastal areas contain only timbers from fast grown trees St. Martin of Tours church, Urretxu, Basque Country

25 Pines in Andalusia Sites Species N rings Span N r trees LIN NAV PMB P. nigra LSA CBR CBS

26 Pinus nigra shows strong teleconnections over large distances Tie beams and rafters AD 1614 SPAI SPAI PMB

27 Pinus nigra shows strong teleconnections over large distances Window sleeper AD 1771 SPAI SPAI071 n.s. PMB

28 Timbers from Andalusian buildings are an excellent source of tree ring data

29 Shipwrecks IHP and ForSEAdiscovery Yarmouth Roads Fotos: archivo Archaeonauta Cee 2 Cee 1 Bayonnaise Ribadeo Barreiros Magdalena Belinho Foto: archivo SEAS Fotos: M. Domínguez Delmás Praça do Municipio Delta I Delta II Foto: archivo CASC Foto: archivo CODEX Arqueologia i Patrimoni

30 Shipwrecks IHP and ForSEAdiscovery 30% suitable samples

31 Concluding remarks Oaks show high inter species correlation: potential for a Quercus spp. master chronology Pines show good teleconnections over large distances, which will facilitate dating of samples. The strong elevation signal however may hinder dating of timbers from lower elevations Sampling of shipwreck timbers must be biased towards timber elements obtained from slow grown trees

32 Acknowledgements Peter Groenendijk Ignacio García González Linar Akhmetzyanov Mohamed Traore Fadi Hajj Tomasz Wazny Reyes Alejano Monge Javier Vázquez Piqué Isis Farias

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