REPORT OF ACTIVITIES OF THE ISSCT CANE BREEDING SECTION AND SECTIONAL COMMITTEE ON GERMPLASM

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1 REPORT OF ACTIVITIES OF THE ISSCT CANE BREEDING SECTION AND SECTIONAL COMMITTEE ON GERMPLASM Meeting. FOR THE INTERIM YEARS BETWEEN THE XVIII and XIX CONGRESSES Don J Heinz, Chairman. A meeting of the Sectional Committee on Germplasm and Plant Breeding was held May 7-12, 1984, at the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India. A copy of the minutes of that meeting is attached as a part of this report. Germplasm Collection Locations. The International Society of Sugarcane Technologists has designated two world collections of sugarcane germplasm. These are located at and under direction of scientists at (1) the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India, with the bulk of the collection at Cannanore, (2) the USDA-ARS at Canal Point, with the bulk of the collection at Coral Gables outside Miami, Florida. The Miami collection is on a marl soil; frosts have occurred in the last five years; it is not conducive for growth of the Saccharurn officinarurns, nor can the collection as a whole be characterized at this location. The Saccharurn spontaneurns are maintained in buckets. Although the collection had 716 Saccharurn officinarurns when the collection was originally established in Miami in 1980, only 540 clones (75%) are surviving at this time. the USDA-ARS on advice from the Sugarcane Crops Advisory Committee comprised of sugarcane workers within the United States, is uprading agronomic conditions at the Miami site and adding personnel; the collection should be in better condition within one year. The collection at Coimbatore, India is a well-maintained collection with no losses recorded from that collection, However, the USDA-ARS Miami collection and the collection in India are not exact duplicates of each other. Efforts are now being made to exchange clones between the collections so that they fully complement each other. Workers in the Cuban industry through Dr. Galvez had asked for a duplication of the collection in Cuba. Arrangements were made with the USDA-ARS through Dr. Miller to send cuttings from each of the clones in the collection to Cuba but Cuba has never responded nor asked for the shipment. Table I lists the number of clones in each collection by genus, species and the total number of clones distributed from the collection. Manmade hybrids totaling 118 (see Exhibit A) have been designated to be included in the World Collection for distribution without restrictions.

2 TABLE I. Number of clones in the world collections of sugarcane at Miami, Florida, U.S.A. and Coimbatore and Cannanore, India. Genus and Species Numbers India U.S.A. Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Saccharum robustum Saccharum barberi Saccharum sinense Saccharum edule Unclassifieda Erianthus species Related Genera (Erianthus, Sclerostachya, Narenga, Miscanthus, etc.) foreign clonal shipments (1983-June 1986) "From recent collections in India Collection Priorities Geographical regions where adequate exploration and collections have not been made are: 1. Pakistan. A proposal was approved by IBPGR in Rome for collection of S. spontaneum in Pakistan. Collections are to be made in Indonesia a. The western part of Irian Jaya, especially the Mamberambo River. b. Sulawesi. The Lake Poso area will be important for the collection of S. robustum and S. spontaneums. The area between Poso and Bonebone is of greatest interest. 3. China 4. Burma I recommend that personnel at the Sugarcane Research Institute, Pasuruan City, East Java, ~ndonesia, make the collections in Sulawesi and Irian Jaya, It is important that we have a greater collection of Saccharum robustum. We have a very limited number of clones in the world collection. Other species of Saccharum are fairly adequately represented. Germplasm Cellections Germplasm collections were conducted in the following areas:

3 1224 a. Personnel(l) from the Indonesia Sugar Eqeriment Station, Pasuruan, Indonesia, HSPA and the University of Florida collected clones of Saccharum species and related genera in Sulawesi, Halmahera, Ceram, Kai and Irain Jaya in Funding was provided by International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) and sugarcane industries in the United States. b. Personnel from the Indonesia Sugar Experiment Station, Pasuruan, collected clones of Saccharum species and related genera in Irian Jaya during Philippines: Personnel(2) of the Philippine sugar Commission and Fiji Sugar Corporation, with funding from IBPGR, collected a total of 319 clones of various Saccharum species and related genera on parts of Mindanao and Luzon during 1984 and India. Personnelc3) of the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India, collected in the following areas: a. Bihar-Nepal Border-1981 b. Sikkim-1982 c. Arunachal Pradesh in the India/China-Burma Border region-1984 and 1985 A total of 484 clones from these expeditions were established at Coimbatore and Cannanore. 4. Thailand. Personnelc4) of the Botanical Section, Botany and Weed Science Division, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand, collected 198 clones of Saccharum species and related genera in Thailand during 1983, with funding provided by IBPGR. Generic and Specific Names A problem has arisen in the use of Ripidium to replace Erianthus as the legitimate generic name for this genus a proposed by Grassl. Dr. Ed Terrell of the USDA-ARS Plant Exploration & Taxonomy Unit advised the USDA-ARS Sugarcane Crop Adisory Committee that the generic name Ripidium was inappropriate with respect the graminae. References indicate that Ripidium was first used to name a fern species. Attached is a paper prepared by Joe Daniels and Brian Roach listing the appropriate generic names for Saccharum and related genera. We are proposing that Ripidium be dropped and that it be included for legitimacy purposes as Erianthus sec. Ripidium Henrard. As Chairman of the ISSCT Germplasm Committee, I have circulated this to various breeders and sugarcane workers around the world and they have approved the proposal. (I) Tew, T.L., L.H. Purdy, S. Lamadj and Irawan Indonesia sugarcane germplasm collecting expedition Sugarcane; 1986 No. 2: 15-M. (2) Medina, R.E., M. Krishnamurthi, E. Lapastora, R. Dosayla, N. Dininagracia (Mrs.) G. Silverio, and I.B. Cano th ISSCT Congress Proceedings (in press). c3) Publications listed as follows without journals: Sreenivasan et al., 1982, 1983, 1985; Sreenivasan and Palanichami, 1985; please write to the authors at the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India. (4) Sadakorn; Jaroy Exploration and collection of Saccharum spp. in Thailand. AGPG:IBPGR/83/ pages.

4 We propose that the XIX ISSCT Congress adopt Daniels and Roach's paper (see attachment) as a basis for designating the Saccharurn species and related genera. This should clear up confusion concerning the genus and species names that has entered the literature. Maintenance and Seed Storage. The most critical issue for the sugarcane world collection is the maintenance of the germplasm for use by future generations. The concept of true seed storage for sugarcane has been introduced and discussed. Sugarcane scientists in the U.S. are working with personnal at the USDA-ARS Seed Storage Facility, Fort Collins, Colorado and they have determined that long-term storage of seed is a viable option. Dr. Stanwood has placed sugarcane seed for preservation under liquid nitrogen, brought the seed back out, and'found that survival is excellent. Their studies have shown that if the seed can survive entry into the storage at very cold temperatures and withdrawal from storage with excellent germination that these type seeds can be stored indefinitely in liquid nitrogen. Provisions have been made with the USDA- ARS to have the S. officinarurn collection transferred to Hawaii where the S. officinorurns will be intercrossed by polycross for the production of seed. Seed collected from each of the various clones will be prepared for storage and stored at the Fort Collins facility under liquid nitrogen. Plans are being made to store seed of all the species of Saccharurn and related genera at Fort Collins thus preserving the germplasm for future generations. Details on grow-out and the frequency of grow-out and feplenishment of the sources and who will do this work are to be determined at future dates. It was the U.S. Sugarcane Crop Advisory Committee's concern that preservation of Saccharurn and related genera as clonal materials, leaves it vulnerable to losses, especially vulnerable to the inclinations and wishes of the collection curators. Clonal Listings and Information Data Bases An up-to-date listing of clones in the USDA-ARS collection at Miami is available. An up-to-date list and description of clones of S. spontaneurns, S. barberi, S. sinense, S. robusturn and S. edule in the Indian collection is also available from the Coimbatore station. The USDA-ARS has developed a Genetic Resource Information Network (GRIN) which will include a complete listing of sugarcane information. The U.S. Crop Advisory Committee was supplied with a printout of the Miami accessions, revisions have been made to the listing, and data are being prepared for entry into the GRIN network. It should be completed by mid The users manual for GRIN is in the hands of U.S. workers who are in the process of preparing the list in accordance with the passport data necessary to enter GRIN. Additionally, there are descriptors that are available to enter in the system and also room for entry of characterization data. Once an initial listing has been made from the GRIN system, it will be distributed to workers around the world asking them to enter data relevant to the clones listed in the world collection.

5 1226 The following passport information has been recommended for use in the GRIN system for Saccharurn and related genera. 1.1 Cultivar name. 1.2 Accession number-a PI number for USDA as allocated by APHIS. An NC number for India. 1.3 Donor name. 1.4 Other numbers or names associated with the accession Other number 1, e.g. USDA import number (US) Other number 2, e.g. India import number (IQ) Serial number, e.g for Scientific name Genus Species Form. 1.6 Parentage. 1.7 Type of maintenance. 2. Colletion data. 2.1 Collector's number. Characterization of the collections The following characters were adopted as a minimum descriptor list. Flowering data Flowering intensity Stalk length Stalk diameter Pithiness of the stalk Growth habit Sucrose (refractometer solids) Disease susceptibility Breeding value Fiber Drought tolerance Cold tolerance Herbicide damage Cytogenetic data Areas of Concern Of greatest concern at the present time is collection of all Saccharurn species and related genera into the world collections of sugarcane. Materials have been collected in Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan, Japan, People's Republic of China, and other locations which should be placed in the world collections. Procedures for movement of materials into the world collection, as outlined by ISSCT procedures, are as follows: 1. Clones are shipped to the USDA-ARS quarantine facility in Beltsville, Maryland. 2. After one year of quarantine the clones are moved into the Miami collection through a secondary quarantine at Fort Meyer, Florida. 3. Duplicates of those in the quarantine are sent to India for a secondary quarantine in India prior to movement to Coimbatore and Cannanore. Cooperation by all sugarcane workers is necessary for collection of materials into the designated world collections.

6 1227 Exhibit A List of Clones Of Man-Made Hybrids in World Collection January 1985 CP M2173/63 CP M657/66 CP M3035/60 CP Mex CP NA CP N52/219 CP NCo3 1 O* CP NCo376 CR6101 Nil CR67400 CR74250 Nip3 PHIL62120 PHIL6723 POJ213* EAK6940 PO J2364* EAK6941 PO 52725' POJ3016 F108* PR980* F134 PS30 F148 PS41 F152 Pindar*, H 109' Q63 H ' Q68 ~ Q77 H Q78 H Q80 ~ HQ-409 Q90 IAC52/ 150 R570 L60-25 RB L62-96 Ragnar L65-69 SP M134/32* Saipan 17 M63/39 Triton M3 1 /45 Trojan* M93/48 ' 25 clones chosen to be included in the Collection because of their historical breeding