FLORA OF THE CARLETON ARBORETUM

Transcription

1 FLORA OF THE CARLETON ARBORETUM Species are listed alphabetically by family, followed by genus and species. Nomenclature follows that used by the USDA Plants Database. When necessary, clarification was sought from the Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Minnesota (Anita F. Cholewa, 2011). Species names are followed by the first year observed and the collector, if known. This list was first compiled by Paul Jensen, Professor of Biology ( ), and was later revised by Mark McKone, Professor of Biology and Research Supervisor of Cowling Arboretum ( ). Other collectors include Nancy Braker, Arboretum Director ( ), Matthew Elbert, Arboretum Manager ( ), and alumni Chris Lund ( 90), Charles Umbanhowar, Jr. ( 85), David Heiser ( 92), Patrick McIntyre ( 97), Holly Pearson ( 91), and Marie Schaedel ( 15). No collecting of plants, plant parts (seeds) or animals, including insects, is permitted without permission from Carleton College. For more information contact the Carleton College Arboretum Director, Nancy Braker, nbraker@carleton.edu or , or visit www. carleton.edu/campus/arb/ * Nonnative species introduced from agricultural land use Intentionally introduced species Unmarked species are naturally occurring DIVISION PTERIDOPHYTA: Vascular plants without seeds Adiantaceae Adiantum pedatum; Maidenhair fern DH. Dryopteridaceae Athyrium filix-femina; Lady fern Cystopteris fragilis; Fragile fern Dryopteris carthusiana; Tooth wood-fern Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense; Field horsetail Equisetum laevigatum; Smooth scouring rush Ophioglossaceae Botrychium multifidum; Leathery grapefern. Osmundaceae Osmunda claytoniana; Interrupted fern Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris palustris; Marsh fern CU. DIVISION CONIFEROPHYTA: Cone-bearing vascular plants Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana; Eastern red cedar AC. Thuja occidentalis; Arborvitae ME. Pinaceae Larix sp.; Larch Picea glauca; White spruce Pinus banksiana; Jack pine AC. Pinus resinosa; Red pine AC. Pinus strobus; White pine AC. DIVISION GINKGOPHYTA: Ginkgo tree Ginkgoaceae *Ginkgo biloba; Maidenhair tree. DIVISION MAGNOLIOPHYTA: Flowering vascular plants Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa; Red-berried elder AC. *Viburnum lantana; Wayfaring tree Viburnum lentago; Nannyberry AC. Viburnum opulus; Highbush cranberry Alismataceae Alisma triviale; Northern water-plantain Sagittaria latifolia; Arrowhead CU. Alliaceae Allium canadense; Meadow garlic Allium stellatum; Wild onion Allium tricoccum; Wild leek. MM Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus; Rough pigweed Froelichia floridana; Plains snakecotton. Anacardiaceae Rhus glabra; Smooth sumac AC. Rhus typhina; Staghorn sumac AC. Toxicodendron rydbergii; Poison ivy AC. Apiaceae Angelica atropurpure; Purplestem angelica Cicuta bulbifera; Bulbous water hemlock CU. Cryptotaenia canadensis; Honewort DH. Eryngium yuccifolium; Rattlesnake master HP. Heracleum maximum; Cow-parsnip Osmorhiza claytonii; Bland sweet cicely DH. Osmorhiza longistylis; Long-styled sweet cicely DH. *Pastinaca sativa; Parsnip Sanicula marilandica; Black snakeroot DH. Sanicula odorata; Black snakeroot DH. Taenidia intergerrima; Yellow pimpernel

2 Zizea aurea; Golden alexander CL. Zizia aptera; Meadow zizia Apocynaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium; Spreading dogbane Apocynum cannabinum; Hemp-dogbane Asclepias exaltata; Tall milkweed Asclepias incarnata; Swamp milkweed CU. Asclepias syriaca; Common milkweed CL. Asclepias tuberosa; Butterfly milkweed Asclepias verticillata; Whorled milkweed CL. Araceae Arisaema triphyllum; Jack-in-the-pulpit DH. Lemna minor; Lesser duckweed Araliaceae Aralia nudicaulis; Wild sarsaparilla DH. *Eleutherococcus senticosus; Siberian ginseng NB. *Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus NB. Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadensis; Wild ginger DH. Asparagaceae *Asparagus officinalis; Asparagus HP. Asteraceae Achillea millefolium; Common yarrow CL. Ageratina altissima; White snakeroot Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Common ragweed Ambrosia coronopifolia; Western ragweed Ambrosia trifida; Giant ragweed Anaphalis margaritacea; Pearly everlasting Antennaria sp.; Pussy-toes CL. Arctium minus; Common burdock Artemisia campestris; Field sagewort Artemesia ludoviciana; White sage Artemesia serrata; Toothed sage Aster ericoides; Heath aster. CL Aster novae-angliae; New England aster CL. Aster oolentangiensis; Azure aster Aster sericeus; Silky aster Bidens cernua; Bur-marigold Bidens vulgata; Tall beggar-ticks Brickellia eupatorioides; False boneset CL. *Carduus acanthoides; Plumeless thistle Cirsium arvense; Canada thistle Cirsium discolor; Field thistle *Cirsium vulgare; Bull thistle Conzya canadensis; Horseweed CL. Coreopsis palmata; Finger coreopsis *Crepis tectorum; Hawks beard Cyclachaena xanthifolia; Carelessweed *Echinacea angustifolia; Purple coneflower. Erigeron annuus; Annual fleabane Erigeron philadelphicius; Philadelphia fleabane DH. Erigeron strigosus; Daisy fleabane Eupatorium perfoliatum; Boneset CU. Eupatorium purpureum; Joe-pye weed Eutrochium maculatum; Spotted joe pye weed. Helianthus giganteus; Swamp sunflower Helianthus grosseserratus; Sawtooth sunflower Helianthus maximiliani; Maximilian sunflower Helianthus pauciflorus; Stiff sunflower Helianthus tuberosus; Jerusalem artichoke Heliopsis helianthoides; Ox-eye Heterotheca villosa; Golden aster Hieracium umbellatum; Narrow-leaf Hawkweed NB. *Lactuca serriola; Prickly lettuce *Leucanthemum vulgare; Ox-eye daisy Liatris aspera; Gayfeather HP. Liatris ligulistylis; Northern plains blazing star Liatris punctata; Blazing star Liatris pycnostachya; Thick-spike blazing star Oligoneuron rigidum; Stiff goldenrod Parthenium intergrifolium; Wild quinine CL. Polymnia canadensis; Leafcup Ratibida pinnata; Grayhead prairie coneflower Rudbeckia hirta; Black-eyed susan CL. Rudbeckia laciniata; Cutleaf coneflower Silphium lacinatum; Compass plant CL. Silphium perfoliatum; Cup plant HP. Silphium terebinthinaceum; Prairie dock CL. Solidago altissima; Canada goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis; Zigzag goldenrod. Solidago gigantea; Smooth goldenrod Solidago missourieensis; Missouri goldenrod CL. Solidago nemoralis; Gray goldenrod CL. Solidago speciosa; Showy goldenrod Sonchus arvensis; Sow thistle Symphyotrichum ericoides; White heath aster Symphyotrichum lanceolatum; White panicle aster Symphyotrichum laeve; Smooth blue aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae; New England aster Symphyotrichum oblongifolium; Aromatic aster. Symphyotrichum oolentangiense; Skyblue aster Symphyotrichum pilosum; Hairy white oldfield aster Symphyotrichum sericeum; Western silver aster *Taraxacum officinale; Common dandelion *Tragopogon dubius; Goat's beard CL. *Tragopogon pratensis; Goat's beard Vernonia fasciculata; Ironweed

3 Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis; Orange jewelweed Impatiens pallida; Yellow jewelweed Berberidaceae Caulophyllum thalictroides; Blue cohosh DH. Podophyllum peltatum; May-apple DH. Betulaceae Alnus incana; Speckled alder ME. Betula alleghaniensis; Yellow birch AC. Betula papyrifera; Paper birch Betula pumila; Bog birch CU. Corylus americana; American hazelnut AC. Ostrya virginiana; Hop hornbeam AC. Boraginaceae Ellisia nyctelea; Waterpod Hydrophyllum virginanum; Virginia waterleaf *Cynoglossum officinale; Hound's tongue HS. Hackelia virginiana; Stickseed *Lappula squarrosa; European stickseed Lithospermum canescens; Hoary puccoon Lithospermum caroliniense; Carolina puccoon. Lithospermum inisum; Narrow-leaved puccoon Mertensia virginica; Eastern bluebell Onosmodium molle; False gromwell *Symphytum officinale; Common comfrey. Brassicaceae Arabis glabra; Tower mustard Arabis hirsuta; Rock cress HP. Arabis shortii; Rock cress *Barbarea vulgaris; Winter cress DH. *Berteroa incana; Hoary allysum *Brassica nigra; Black mustard *Capsella bursa-pastoris; Shepherd's purse DH. Cardamine concatenata; Toothwort Cardamine pensylvanica; Bitter cress *Erysimum cheiranthoides; Wormseed mustard *Hesperis matronalis; Dame's rocket Lepidium densiflorum; Peppergrass *Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum; Watercress Rorippa palustris; Bog yellow cress Sisymbrium altissimum; Tumble mustard *Thlaspi arvense; Field penny-cress Campanulaceae Campanula aparinoides; Marsh bellowflower Campanula rapunculoides; Creeping bellflower HP. Campanula rotundifolia; Harebell Campanulastrum americanum; Tall bellflower Cannabaceae *Cannabis sativa; Marijuana HP. Caprifoliaceae Lonicera dioica; Wild honeysuckle NB. *Lonicera tatarica; Tartarian honeysuckle AC. Sambucus canadensis; Common elder AC. Sambucus nigra; American elderberry Symphoricarpos occidentalis; Wolfberry *Triosteum perfoliatum; Horse gentian NB. Caryophyllaceae *Cerastium fontanum; Common mouse-ear chickweed Cerastium nutans; Mouse-ear chickweed *Dianthus armeria; Deptford pink Moehringia lateriflora; Grove sandwort DH. Silene antirrhina; Sleepy catchfly CL. *Silene latifolia; White campion CL. *Silene latifolia ssp. alba; Bladder campion Silene stellata; Starry campion Celastraceae Celastrus scandens; Bittersweet Euonymus atropurpureus; Burning bush Chenopodiaceae *Chenopodium album; Lamb's quarters Cistaceae Helianthemum bicknellii; Frostweed Clusiaceae Hypericum ascyron; Great St. John's-wort Hypericum perforatum; Common St. Johnswort Hypericum punctatum; Spotted St. Johnswort Colchicaceae Uvularia grandiflora; Large bellwort Commelinaceae Tradescantia bracteata; Spiderwort Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium; Hedge bindweed HP. *Convolvulus arvensis; Field bindweed Cornaceae Cornus alternifolia; Pagoda dogwood AC. Cornus amomum; Silky dogwood Cornus racemosa; Gray dogwood AC. Cornus sericea; Red-osier dogwood Cucurbitaceae Echinocystis lobata; Wild cucumber Sicyos angulatus; Bur cucumber Cuscutaceae Cuscuta gronovii; Dodder

4 Cyperaceae Carex alopecoidea; Foxtail sedge Carex amphibola; Eastern narrowleaf sedge Carex comosa; Longhair sedge CL. *Carex conjuncta; Soft fox sedge ME. Carex gravida; Heavy sedge Carex hitchcockiana; Hitchcock s sedge Carex lacustris; Hairy sedge CL. Carex lasiocarpa; Woollyfruit sedge CU. Carex muehlenbergii; Muhlenberg s sedge Carex pedunculata; Longstalk sedge Carex rosea; Rosy sedge Carex rostrata; Beaked sedge CU. Carex stipata; Awlfruit sedge Carex stricta; Hummock sedge, 2016 NB. Carex sychnocephala; Manyhead sedge Carex vulpinoidea; Fox sedge Cyperus sp.; Sedge Scirpus atrovirens; Green bulrush Scirpus cyperinus; Woolgrass CU. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rhomboidea; Common threeseed mercury Euphorbia corollata; Flowering spurge *Euphorbia cyparissias; Cypress spurge *Euphorbia esula; Leafy spurge Fabaceae Amorpha canescens; Leadplant CL. Amorpha fruticosa; False indigo Amphicarpaea bracteata; Hog-peanut Astragalus canadensis; Canada milk vetch CL. Astragalus crassicarpus; Ground plum CL. Baptisia alba; Wild false indigo *Caragana arborescens; Pea tree Chamaecrista fasciculata; Partridge pea *Coronilla varia; Crown-vetch Dalea candida; White prairie-clover Dalea purpurea; Purple prairie-clover CL. Dalea villosa; Silky prairie-clover Desmodium canadense; Canada tickleclover Desmodium glutinosum; Tick-trefoil *Gleditsia triacanthos; Honey locust ME. Gymnocladus dioicus; Kentucky coffee-tree AC. Lathyrus ochroleucus; Pale pea DH. Lespedeza capitata; Roundhead lespedeza CL. Lespedeza leptostachya; Prairie bush clover. *Lotus corniculatus; Birdsfoot trefoil Lupinus perennis; Wild lupine *Medicago lupulina; Black medick *Medicago sativa; Alfalfa *Melilotus officinalis; Sweet clover Pediomelum esculentum; Prairie turnip *Robinia pseudoacacia; Black locust ME. *Trifolium hybridum; Alsike clover HP. *Trifolium pratense; Red clover *Trifolium repens; White clover HP. Vicia americana; American vetch DH. Fagaceae Quercus alba; White oak. Quercus ellipsoidalis; Northern pin-oak AC. *Quercus imbricaria; Shingle oak ME. Quercus macrocarpa; Bur oak AC. Quercus rubra; Northern red oak AC. Fumariaceae Dicentra cucullaria; Dutchman's breeches DH. Gentianaceae Gentiana alba; Plain gentian Geraniaceae Geranium maculatum; Wild geranium DH. Grossulariaceae Ribes americanum; Wild black currant AC. Ribes cynosbati; Prickly gooseberry Ribes missouriense; Missouri gooseberry DH. Ribes odoratum; Buffalo currant Hyacinthaceae *Scilla siberica; Siberian squill Hydrangeaceae *Philadelphus inodorus; Scentless mock orange Iridaceae Iris versicolor; Blue flag CU. Sisyrinchium campstre; Blue-eyed grass Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis; Hickory. Juglans cinerea; Butternut AC. Juglans nigra; Black walnut AC. Juncus tenuis; Path rush Lamiaceae Agastache foeniculum; Fragant giant hyssop Agastache scrophulariaefolia; Purple giant hyssop *Galeopsis tetrahit; Hemp-nettle *Glechoma hederacea; Creeping Charlie CL. Hedeoma hispida; Rough pennyroyal *Leonurus cardiaca; Motherwort Lycopus uniflorus; Bugleweed CU. Mentha arvensis; Field mint Monarda fistulosa; Wild bergamot *Nepeta cataria; Catnip CL. *Origanum vulgare; Wild marjoram Physostegia virginiana; Virginia lionsheart Prunella vulgaris; Self-heal Pycnanthemum virginianmum; Mountain-mint Scutellaria lateriflora; Mad-dog skullcap CU. Scutellaria ovata; Forest skullcap Scutellaria parvula; Small skullcap

5 Stachys palustris; Woundwort Teucrium canadense; American germander Liliaceae Erythronium albidum; Trout lily Lilium michiganense; Michigan lily Lilium philadelphicum; Wood lily. Maianthemum canadense; Wild lily-of-the-valley Maianthemum racemosum; False Solomon's seal DH. Trillium cernuum; Nodding trillium Trillium flexipes; Bent trillium Linaceae Linum sulcatum; Grooved flax Lobeliaceae Lobelia siphilitia; Great lobelia Lobelia spicata; Pale-spike lobelia Lythraceae *Lythrum salicaria; Purple loosestrife Malvaceae *Abutilon theophrasti; Velvet-leaf *Malva neglecta; Common mallow DH. Tilia americana; American linden DH. Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense; Moonseed Moraceae * Morus alba; White mulberry Morus ruba; Red Mulberry. Myrsinaceae Lysimachia ciliata; Fringed losestrife *Lysimachia nummularia; Creeping loosestrife Lysimachia thyrsiflora; Tufted loosestrife CU. Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis hirsute; Hairy four-o'clock Mirabilis nyctaginea; Wild four-o'clock Oleaceae Forsythia sp.; Forsythia Fraxinus nigra; Black ash TS. Fraxinus pennsylvanica; Red ash AC. Onagraceae Calylophus serrulatus; Yellow sundrops Circaea lutetiana; Enchanter's nightshade Epilobium coloratum; Willow herb HS. Oenothera biennis; Common evening primrose Oenothera clelandii; Cleland s evening primrose TS. Orchidaceae Galearis spectabilis; Showy orchid DH. Orobanchaceae Castilleja sessiliflora; Downy paintbrush Oxalidaceae Oxalis dillenii; Gray-green wood sorrel Oxalis stricta; Yellow wood sorrel DH. Papaveraceae Sanguinaria canadensis; Bloodroot Penthoraceae Penthorum sedoides; Ditch stonecrop CU. Phrymaceae Mimulus ringens; Allegheny monkey-flower Plantaginaceae Besseya bullii; Kittentail *Linaria vulgaris; Butter-and-eggs CL. Lindernia dubia; False pimpernel Penstemon grandiflorus; Large beardtongue *Plantago major; Common plantain Plantago rugelii; American plantain *Veronica anagallis-aquatica; Water speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia; Thyme-leaved speedwell Veronicastrum virginicum; Culver's root Poaceae *Agropyron sp.; Wheatgrass *Agrostis gigantea; Redtop Agrostis hyemalis; Winter bentgrass Agrostis scabra; Rough bentgrass *Agrostis stolonifera; Creeping bentgrass Andropogon gerardii; Big bluestem CL. Bouteloua curtipendula; Side oats grama Brachyelytrum erectum; Shorthusk *Bromus inermis; Smooth brome *Bromus japonicus; Japanese brome Bromus kalmii; Arctic brome Bromus latiglumis; Earlyleaf brome Bromus pubescens; Canada brome Calamagrostis canadensis; Bluejoint CU. Cenchrus longispinus; Sandbur *Dactylis glomerata; Orchard grass Dichanthelium oligosanthes; Heller s rosette grass Dichanthelium villosissimum; Whitehair rosette grass *Digitaria ischaemum; Smooth crabgrass *Digitaria sanguinalis; Hairy crabgrass

6 *Echinochloa frumentacea; Billion-dollar grass Echinochloa muricata ; Barnyard grass Elymus canadensis; Canada wild rye CL. Elymus hystrix; Bottlebrush grass Elymus trachycaulus; Slender wheatgrass Elymus virginicus; Virginia wild rye *Elytrigia repens; Quackgrass CL. *Eragrostis cilianensis; Stinkgrass Eragrostis pectinacea; Carolina lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis; Purple lovegrass *Eriochloa villosa; Hairy cupgrass Festuca subverticillata; Nodding fescue *Festuca trachphylla; Hard fescue Glyceria grandis; Tall mannagrass Hordeum jubatum; Foxtail barley Koeleria macrantha; Junegrass Leersia oryzoides; Rice cutgrass CU. *Lolium perenne; Perennial ryegrass Muhlenbergia cuspidata; Plains muhly Muhlenbergia racemosa; Marsh muhly Muhlenbergia schreberi; Nimblewill Panicum capillare; Witchgrass Panicum dichotomiflorum; Fall panicgrass *Panicum miliaceum; Broomcorn millet Panicum virgatum; Switchgrass Phalaris arundinacea; Reed canary grass CU. *Phleum pratense; Timothy *Poa compressa; Canada bluegrass Poa palustris; Fowl meadowgrass Poa pratensis; Kentucky bluegrass CU. Schizachyrium scoparium; Little bluestem CL. *Setaria faberi; Chinese foxtail *Setaria glauca; Yellow foxtail *Setaria viridis; Green foxtail Sorghastrum nutans; Indian grass Spartina pectinata; Prairie covergrass Sphenopholis obtusata; Prairie wedgegrass Sporbolus heterolepis; Prairie dropseed Stipa spartea; Porcupine grass CL. Polemoniaceae Phlox divaricata; Blue phlox DH. Phlox pilosa; Prairie phlox CL. Polygalaceae Polygala senega; Seneca snakeroot Polygonaceae Fallopia scandens; Climbing false buckwheat Persicaria pensylvanicum; Pennsylvania smartweed Polygonum convlvulus; Black bindweed Polygonum pensylvanicum; Pennsylvania smartweed *Polygonum persicaria; Lady's thumb HP. Rumex acetosella; Sheep sorrel *Rumex crispus; Curly dock Rumex orbiculatus; Great water dock CU. Portulacaceae Claytonia virginica; Spring beauty *Portulaca oleracea; Common purslane Ranunculaceae Actaea pachypoda; White baneberry. Actaea rubra; Red baneberry Anemone canadensis; Canada anemone Anemone cylindrica; Thimbleweed CL. Anemone quinquefolia; Wood anemone DH. Aquilegia canadensis; Columbine CL. Caltha palustris; Marsh marigold Clematis virginiana; Virgin's bower Delphinum carolinianum; Prairie larkspur Enemion biternatum; False rue anemone DH. Hepatica nobilis; Hepatica DH. Pulsatilla patens; Eastern pasqueflower. Ranunculus abortivus; Early wood buttercup DH. Ranunculus hispidus; Swamp buttercup DH. Ranunculus pensylvanicus; Bristly crowfoot Ranunculus sceleratus; Cursed crowfoot Thalictrum dasycarpum; Tall meadow rue Thalictrum dioicum; Early meadow rue DH. Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus; New Jersey tea *Frangula alnus; Alder buckthorn *Rhamnus cathartica; Buckthorn AC. Rosaceae Agrimonia gryposepala; Agrimony Carpinus caroliniana; Blue beech ME. Comarum palustre; Marsh cinque CU. Fragaria virginiana; Virginia strawberry. Geum aleppicum; Yellow avens Geum canadense; White avens Geum triflorum; Prairie smoke CL. Malus ioensis; Prairie crab-apple ME. Physocarpus opulifolius; Ninebark Potentilla arguta; Tall cinque Potentilla norvegica; Strawberry weed *Potentilla recta; Sulphur five-finger CL. Prunus americana; Wild plum AC. Prunus pensylvanica; Pin-cherry Prunus pumila; Sandcherry Prunus serotina; Black cherry AC. Prunus virginiana; Chokecherry AC. Rosa arkansana; Prairie rose. Rosa blanda; Smooth rose Rosa sp.; Rose AC. Rubus allegheniensis; Common blackberry Rubus flagellaris; Eastern dewberry Rubus idaeus; American red raspberry Rubus occidentalis; Black raspberry AC. Sorbaria sorbifolia; False spiraea AC. Rubiaceae Galium aparine; Catchweed bedstraw Galium boreale; Northern bedstraw DH. 6

7 Galium concinnum; Shining bedstraw Galium tinctorium; Southern three-lobed bedstraw Galium trifidum; Small bedstraw CU. Galium triflorum; Sweet-scented bedstraw Ruscaceae *Convallaria majalis; Lily-of-the-valley Polygonatum biflorum; Solomon's seal Rutaceae Ptelea trifoliata; Hop-tree Zanthoxylum americanum; Common prickly ash AC. Salicaceae Populus deltoides; Eastern cottonwood TS. Populus grandidentata; Big-toothed aspen AC. Populus tremuloides; Quaking aspen Salix alba; White willow MS. Salix amygadaloides; Peachleaf willow Salix discolor; Pussy willow Salix eriocephala; Missouri willow DH. Salix nigra; Black willow Santalaceae Comandra umbellata; Bastard toadflax Sapindaceae *Acer ginnala; Siberian maple AC. Acer negundo; Boxelder AC. *Acer platanoides; Norway maple Acer rubrum; Red maple Acer saccharinum; Silver maple AC. Acer saccharum; Sugar maple AC. Aesculus glabra; Ohio buckeye AC. Saxifragaceae Heuchera richardsonii; Prairie alumroot Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia lanceolata; Figwort Scrophularia marilandica; Carpenter's square *Verbascum thapsus; Common mullein CL. Solanaceae Physalis heterophylla; Clammy ground cherry Physalis virginiana; Virginia ground cherry Solanum dulcamara; Climbing nightshade Solanum ptycanthemum; Black nightshade Staphyleaceae Staphylea trifolia; Bladdernut Typhaceae Typha latifolia; Broad-leaved cat-tail CU. Ulmaceae Celtis occidentalis; Hackberry AC. Ulmus americana; American Elm AC. *Ulmus pumila; Siberian Elm AC. Ulmus rubra; Slippery elm AC. Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica; Bog-hemp Laportea canadensis; Wood nettle DH. Pilea sp.; Clearweed Urtica dioica; Stinging nettle Valerianacae *Valeriana officinalis; Garden valerian NB. Verbenaceae Phryma leptostachya; Lopseed Verbena bracteata; Creeping vervain Verbena hastata; Common vervain Verbena stricta; Hoary vervain Verbena utricifolia; White vervain Violaceae Viola canadensis; Canada violet DH. Viola pubescens; Yellow forest violet DH. Viola sororia; Downy blue violet Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia; Virginia creeper TS. Parthenocissus vitacea; Woodbine ME. Vitis riparia; River-bank grape AC. Smilacaceae Smilax lasioneura; Blue Ridge carrionflower Smilax tamnoides; Bristly greenbrier