Supplementary Materials for

Transcription

1 advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/8/e /dc1 upplementary Materials for The biodiversity cost of carbon sequestration in tropical savanna Rodolfo C. R. Abreu, William A. Hoffmann, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, Natashi A. Pilon, Davi R. Rossatto, iselda Durigan This PD file includes: Published 30 August 2017, ci. Adv. 3, e (2017) DOI: /sciadv fig. 1. Relationships between the EVI and vegetation structure. fig. 2. Relationships used to hindcast historical vegetation change. fig. 3. Response of plant growth forms to vegetation structure. fig. 4. Relationships between tree basal area and characteristics of surface soils (0 to 20 cm) in table 1. Plant species recorded at BE, Brazil, in table 2. Ant species sampled at BE, Brazil, in table 3. Details of the 30 study plots in this study.

2 EVI (2015) Basal Area (m 2 ha -1 ) Leaf area index fig. 1. Relationships between the EVI and vegetation structure. The broken lines mark the approximate EVI values that correspond to transitions between shrub savanna, tree savanna, and forest. tatistical details: Left, r 2 = 0.76, Y= X X 2, Right, r 2 = 0.89, Y= X X 2.

3 100 A. Number of plant species avanna species: y = 87.48/ (1+exp((x )/0.0172)) r 2 = 0.79 orest and generalist species y = *exp(9.4674*x) r 2 = Number of ant species B. 50 avanna species y = / (1+exp((x )/0.0112)) r 2 = orest and generalist species y = *exp(8.0529*x) r 2 = C. 120 Ecosystem carbon (Mg ha -1 ) y = *exp(9.883*x) r 2 = fig. 2. Relationships used to hindcast historical vegetation change. These include the relationships between the satellite-derived vegetation index (EVI) and plant (A) species richness, (B) ant species richness, and (C) ecosystem carbon stocks in These relationships were used to hindcast historical vegetation change. EVI

4 Number of species 60 Trees hrubs orbs 50 raminoids Basal Area (m 2 ha -1 ) fig. 3. Response of plant growth forms to vegetation structure. The tree growth form includes treelets and palms; shrubs include subshrubs; forbs comprise all herbaceous dicots; graminoids comprise species of Poaceae and Cyperaceae. tatistical details: Trees, r 2 = 0.81, P<0.0001, Y = X X 2 ; hrubs r 2 = 0.79, P<0.0001, Y = X X 2 ; orbs r 2 = 0.79, P<0.0001, Y = X X 2 ; raminoids: r 2 = 0.82, P<0.0001, Y = X X 2.

5 Organic matter (%) K Cu d) r 2 = P< g) r 2 = P= a) r 2 =0.46 P< ph P B e) 6.0 r 2 =0.40 P= b) h) r 2 = P= r 2 =0.20 P=0.014 CEC and (%) f) i) c) r 2 =0.37 P= r 2 =0.30 P= r 2 =0.49 P< Clay (%) j) r 2 = P= Basal area (m2/ha) ilt (%) k) r 2 =0.45 P< Basal area (m2/ha) 76 Basal area (m2/ha) fig. 4. Relationships between tree basal area and characteristics of surface soils (0 to 20 cm) in Only significant relationships are shown; there was no significant relationship between basal area and Ca (P=0.14), Mg (P=0.32), Zn (P=0.16), or Mn (P= 0.10, not shown).

6 table 1. Plant species recorded at BE, Brazil, in pecies are categorized according to their phytogeographic range ( = savanna, = generalist, = forest, E = exotic) and life form (forb, grass, palm, subshrub, shrub, tree, treelet). Phytogeographic Plant pecies range Life form Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze herb Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. herb Actinostemon schomburgkii (Klotzsch) Hochr. treelet Adenocalymma axillare (K.chum.) L..Lohmann shrub Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker herb Aegiphila integrifolia (Jacq.) Moldenke tree Aegiphila verticillata Vell. tree Aeschynomene falcata (Poir.) DC. herb Agenium leptocladum (Hack.) Clayton grass Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A.Rich. treelet Allagoptera campestris (Mart.) Kuntze palm Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze herb Amaioua intermedia Mart. ex chult. & chult.f. tree Anacardium humile A.t.-Hil. subshrub Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) peg. tree Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L.B.m. herb Andira humilis Mart. ex Benth. subshrub Andropogon leucostachyus Kunth grass Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) tellfeld ex de ouza subshrub Annona cacans Warm. tree Annona coriacea Mart. tree Annona crassiflora Mart. tree Annona dioica A.t.-Hil. shrub Annona nutans (R.E.r.) R.E.r. shrub Annona sylvatica A.t.-Hil. tree Anthaenantia lanata (Kunth) Benth. grass Aristida jubata (Arechav.) Herter grass Aristida megapotamica var. brevipes Henrard grass Aristida recurvata Kunth grass Aristida riparia Trin. grass Asemeia hirsuta (A.t.-Hil. & Moq.) J..B.Pastore & J.R.Abbott herb Asemeia violacea (Aubl.) J..B.Pastore & J.R.Abbott herb Aspicarpa pulchella (riseb.) O'Donell & Lourteig herb Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. tree Aspilia foliacea (preng.) Baker herb Aspilia reflexa (ch.bip. ex Baker) Baker herb Attalea geraensis Barb.Rodr. palm Axonopus aureus P. Beauv. grass Axonopus marginatus (Trin.) Chase grass

7 Axonopus pellitus (Nees ex Trin.) Hitchc. & Chase grass Axonopus pressus (Nees ex teud.) Parodi grass Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. treelet Baccharis sessiliflora Vahl subshrub Banisteriopsis campestris (A.Juss.) Little shrub Banisteriopsis variabilis B.ates shrub Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) teud. shrub Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) teud. tree Bidens gardneri Baker herb Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O.Berg tree Borreria poaya (A.t.-Hil.) DC. herb Borreria verticillata (L.).Mey. herb Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth tree Bromelia balansae Mez herb Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul treelet Buchnera lavandulacea Cham. & chltdl. subshrub Bulbostylis fimbriata (Nees) C.B.Clarke sedge Bulbostylis hirtella (chrad.) rb. sedge Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B.Clarke sedge Butia paraguayensis (Barb.Rodr.) Bailey palm Byrsonima basiloba A.Juss. tree Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth tree Byrsonima intermedia A.Juss. shrub Byrsonima subterranea Brade & Markgr. subshrub Byttneria oblongata Pohl subshrub Calea triantha (Vell.) Pruski herb Calyptranthes concinna DC. tree Calyptranthes lucida Mart. ex DC. tree Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O.Berg shrub Campomanesia guaviroba (DC.) Kiaersk. tree Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O.Berg tree Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O.Berg tree Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze tree Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. tree Casearia decandra Jacq. tree Casearia gossypiosperma Briq. tree Casearia lasiophylla Eichler tree Casearia sylvestris w. tree Cedrela fissilis Vell. tree Cenchrus latifolius (preng.) Morrone grass Centrosema angustifolium (Kunth) Benth. herb Centrosema pubescens Benth. herb Cestrum mariquitense Kunth shrub Chamaecrista calycioides (DC. ex Collad.) reene herb Chamaecrista cathartica (Mart.) H..Irwin & shrub

8 Barneby Chamaecrista desvauxii (Collad.) Killip var. desvauxii subshrub Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) reene subshrub Chamaecrista ramosa var. parvifoliola (H..Irwin) H..Irwin & Barneby subshrub Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) reene herb Chaptalia integerrima (Vell.) Burkart herb Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. shrub Chomelia obtusa Cham. & chltdl. treelet Chresta sphaerocephala DC. subshrub Chromolaena congesta (Hook. & Arn.) R.M.King & H.Rob. subshrub Chromolaena laevigata (Lam.) R.M.King & H.Rob. shrub Chromolaena maximilianii (chrad. ex DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. shrub Chromolaena oxylepis (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. shrub Chromolaena squalida (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. shrub Chrysolaena obovata (Less.) Dematt. subshrub Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. & Arn.) Radlk. tree Cissampelos ovalifolia DC. subshrub Citrus x limon (L.) Osbeck tree Clibadium armani (Balb.) ch.bip. ex O.E.chulz herb Coccocypselum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. herb Commelina erecta L. herb Connarus suberosus Planch. treelet Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist herb Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. tree Cordia sellowiana Cham. tree Cordiera obtusa (K.chum.) Kuntze subshrub Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K.chum. tree Crotalaria balansae Micheli herb Crotalaria pallida var. obovata (.Don) Polhill herb Croton antisyphiliticus Mart. subshrub Croton campestris A.t.-Hil. subshrub Croton floribundus preng. tree Croton glandulosus L. herb Crumenaria polygaloides Reissek herb Cupania tenuivalvis Radlk. treelet Cupania vernalis Cambess. tree Cuphea micrantha Kunth herb Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart. tree Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. sedge Dalbergia miscolobium Benth. tree Daphnopsis fasciculata (Meisn.) Nevling tree Daphnopsis racemosa riseb. tree

9 Dasyphyllum brasiliense (preng.) Cabrera tree Davilla elliptica A.t.-Hil. shrub Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & chult.) Kuntze subshrub Dendropanax cuneatus (DC.) Decne. & Planch. tree Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. subshrub Desmodium incanum (w.) DC. herb Digitaria insularis (L.) edde E grass Dimerostemma brasilianum Cass. herb Dimorphandra mollis Benth. tree Diospyros hispida A.DC. tree Doryopteris concolor (Langsd. & isch.) Kuhn herb Duguetia furfuracea (A.t.-Hil.) aff. shrub Dyckia tuberosa (Vell.) Beer herb Elephantopus mollis Kunth herb Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex Wight herb Epistephium sclerophyllum Lindl. herb Eragrostis leucosticta Nees ex Döll grass Eragrostis lugens Nees grass Eriope crassipes Benth. herb Eriosema campestre Benth. var. campestre herb Eriosema campestre var. macrophyllum (rear) ortunato herb Eriosema heterophyllum Benth. herb Eriotheca gracilipes (K.chum.) A.Robyns tree Eryngium juncifolium (rb.) Mathias & Constance herb Erythroxylum campestre A.t.-Hil. subshrub Erythroxylum cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E.chulz shrub Erythroxylum deciduum A.t.-Hil. tree Erythroxylum pelleterianum A.t.-Hil. treelet Erythroxylum suberosum A.t.-Hil. treelet Esenbeckia febrifuga (A.t.-Hil.) A. Juss. ex Mart. treelet Eugenia anomala D.Legrand subshrub Eugenia arenosa Mattos subshrub Eugenia aurata O.Berg treelet Eugenia bimarginata DC. shrub Eugenia dysenterica (Mart.) DC. subshrub Eugenia florida DC. tree Eugenia livida O.Berg treelet Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. tree Eugenia pitanga (O.Berg) Nied. subshrub Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. treelet Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. treelet Eugenia sp subshrub Eugenia speciosa Cambess. tree

10 Eugenia suberosa Cambess. treelet Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees grass Euterpe edulis Mart. palm Evolvulus fuscus Meisn. herb Evolvulus sericeus w. var. sericeus herb Evolvulus sericeus var. holosericeus (Kunth) Ooststr. herb aramea montevidensis (Cham. & chltdl.) DC. tree icus citrifolia Mill. tree icus gomelleira Kunth tree icus guaranitica Chodat tree icus sp. tree imbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl sedge ridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L..Lohmann shrub roelichia procera (eub.) Pedersen herb alactia decumbens (Benth.) Chodat & Hassl. subshrub alactia martii DC. subshrub aleandra montana Barb.Rodr. herb omphrena macrocephala A.t.-Hil. herb uapira graciliflora (Mart. ex chmidt) Lundell tree uapira hirsuta (Choisy) Lundell tree uapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz tree uatteria australis A.t.-Hil. tree ymneia interrupta (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley & J..B.Pastore herb ymnopogon foliosus (Willd.) Nees grass ymnopogon spicatus (preng.) Kuntze grass Hancornia speciosa omes tree Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos tree Helicteres brevispira A.t.-Hil. treelet Helietta apiculata Benth. tree Hemipogon acerosus Decne. herb Heteropterys byrsonimifolia A.Juss. shrub Hexasepalum teres (Walter) J.H. Kirkbr. herb Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne tree Hypenia pauliana (Epling) Harley herb Hyptis campestris Harley & J..B. Pastore herb Ipomoea procurrens Meisn. herb Ixora venulosa Benth. tree Jacaranda caroba (Vell.) DC. shrub Jacaranda decurrens Cham. subshrub Jacaranda micrantha Cham. tree Jacaranda oxyphylla Cham. shrub Jacaranda rufa ilva Manso shrub Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc. tree Lacistema hasslerianum Chodat treelet

11 Lafoensia vandelliana Cham. & chltdl. tree Lantana camara L. shrub Lasiacis ligulata Hitchc. & Chase grass Leandra melastomoides Raddi treelet Lepidaploa chamissonis (Less.) H.Rob. shrub Leptolobium elegans Vogel tree Lessingianthus bardanoides (Less.) H.Rob. shrub Lessingianthus grandiflorus (Less.) H.Rob. subshrub Lessingianthus tomentellus (Mart. ex DC.) H.Rob. subshrub Licania humilis Cham. & chltdl. subshrub Limnosipanea erythraeoides (Cham.) K.chum. herb Lippia lupulina Cham. subshrub Lippia origanoides Kunth shrub Lippia stachyoides Cham. subshrub Lithrea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. tree Loudetiopsis chrysothrix (Nees) Conert grass Luehea candicans Mart. & Zucc. tree Luehea grandiflora Mart. & Zucc. tree Machaerium acutifolium Vogel tree Machaerium brasiliense Vogel tree Machaerium stipitatum Vogel tree Mandevilla pohliana (tadelm.) A.H.entry herb Maprounea guianensis Aubl. tree Matayba elaeagnoides Radlk. tree Maytenus gonoclada Mart. tree Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K.imon &.W.L.Jacobs E grass Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv. E grass Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka E grass Melothria campestris (Naudin) H. chaef. &.. Renner herb Miconia albicans (w.) Triana treelet Miconia fallax DC. shrub Miconia ligustroides (DC.) Naudin treelet Miconia paucidens DC. shrub Miconia sellowiana Naudin tree Miconia stenostachya DC. shrub Microlicia serpyllifolia D.Don herb Microstachys serrulata (Mart. & Zucc.) Müll.Arg. herb Mimosa debilis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. subshrub Mimosa dolens var. acerba (Benth.) Barneby shrub Mimosa dolens var. rigida (Benth.) Barneby shrub Mimosa gracilis var. capillipes (Benth.) Barneby herb Mimosa xanthocentra Mart. subshrub Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. herb

12 Mnesithea aurita (teud.) de Koning & osef grass Mollinedia widgrenii A.DC. tree Moquiniastrum barrosoae (Cabrera). ancho shrub Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.). ancho tree Moquiniastrum pulchrum (Cabrera).ancho shrub Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC. treelet Myrcia lasiantha DC. tree Myrcia multiflora (Lam.) DC. tree Myrcia retorta Cambess. tree Myrcia splendens (w.) DC. tree Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC. tree Myrcia venulosa DC. tree Myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex Willd.) O.Berg tree Myrsine coriacea (w.) R.Br. ex Roem. & chult. tree Myrsine guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze tree Myrsine lancifolia Mart. tree Myrsine umbellata Mart. tree Nectandra cuspidata Nees tree Nectandra lanceolata Nees tree Nectandra oppositifolia Nees tree Ocotea corymbosa (Meisn.) Mez tree Ocotea diospyrifolia (Meisn.) Mez tree Ocotea minarum (Nees & Mart.) Mez tree Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees tree Ocotea pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Mez tree Ocotea velloziana (Meisn.) Mez tree Ocotea velutina (Nees) Rohwer tree Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. E herb Orthopappus angustifolius (w.) leason herb Ouratea spectabilis (Mart.) Engl. tree Oxalis conorrhiza Jacq. herb Oxypetalum capitatum Mart. herb Palicourea marcgravii A.t.-Hil. shrub Palicourea rigida Kunth subshrub Panicum campestre Nees ex Trin. grass Panicum cervicatum Chase grass Panicum millegrana Poir. grass Panicum sellowii Nees grass Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan tree Paspalum ammodes Trin. grass Paspalum carinatum Humb. & Bonpl. ex lüggé grass Paspalum gardnerianum Nees grass Paspalum guenoarum Arechav. grass Paspalum hyalinum Nees ex Trin. grass Paspalum pectinatum Nees ex Trin. grass

13 Peltaea polymorpha (A.t.-Hil.) Krapov. & Cristóbal subshrub Pera glabrata (chott) Poepp. ex Baill. tree Peritassa campestris (Cambess.) A.C.m. subshrub Persea willdenovii Kosterm. tree Pfaffia jubata Mart. herb Pfaffia tuberosa (preng.) Hicken herb Phyllanthus orbiculatus Rich. herb Pinus elliottii L. E tree Piper mollicomum Kunth shrub Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J..Macbr. tree Piptocarpha axillaris (Less.) Baker tree Piptocarpha rotundifolia (Less.) Baker treelet Piriqueta rosea (Cambess.) rb. herb Plathymenia reticulata Benth. tree Platypodium elegans Vogel tree Plenckia populnea Reissek tree Pleroma stenocarpa (chrank et Mart. ex DC.) Triana tree Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. herb Portulaca mucronata Link herb Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. tree Pouteria sp. tree Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk. tree Pradosia brevipes (Pierre) T.D.Penn. subshrub Prescottia stachyodes (w.) Lindl. herb Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand tree Prunus myrtifolia (L.) rb. tree Psidium australe Cambess. shrub Psidium cinereum Mart. ex DC. shrub Psidium grandifolium Mart. ex DC. shrub Psidium guajava L. E tree Psidium laruotteanum Cambess. treelet Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. shrub Psychotria hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex chult.) Müll.Arg. herb Psychotria marcgravii (A.t.-Hil.) preng. shrub Psychotria vellosiana Benth. treelet Pterocaulon angustifolium DC. herb Pterocaulon balansae Chodat herb Pterocaulon rugosum (Vahl) Malme herb Qualea cordata preng. tree Qualea grandiflora Mart. tree Qualea multiflora Mart. tree Randia calycina Cham. treelet Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek tree

14 Rhynchospora consanguinea (Kunth) Boeckeler sedge Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth sedge Rhynchospora gigantea Link sedge Richardia stellaris (Cham. & chltdl.) teud. herb Rodriguezia decora (Lem.) Rchb.f. herb Roupala montana Aubl. tree Ruellia bulbifera Lindau herb Ruellia geminiflora Kunth herb chefflera vinosa (Cham. & chltdl.) rodin & iaschi treelet chizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Nees grass chizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston grass chwenckia americana var. angustifolia J.A.chmidt herb enna pendula (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) H..Irwin & Barneby treelet enna rugosa (.Don) H..Irwin & Barneby shrub erpocaulon latipes (Langsd. & isch.) A.R.m. herb etaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen grass ida ciliaris L. herb ida linifolia Cav. herb iparuna guianensis Aubl. tree isyrinchium restioides preng. herb olanum lycocarpum A.t.-Hil. shrub olanum palinacanthum Dunal herb orghastrum minarum (Nees) Hitchc. grass porobolus cubensis Hitchc. grass tryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville tree tryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. tree tylosanthes acuminata M.B.erreira & ousa Costa herb tylosanthes bracteata Vogel herb tyrax camporum Pohl tree tyrax ferrugineus Nees & Mart. tree tyrax pohlii A.DC. tree weetia fruticosa preng. tree yagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. palm yagrus loefgrenii lassman palm yagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) lassman palm yagrus sp. palm ymplocos pubescens Klotzsch ex Benth. treelet ymplocos revoluta Casar. tree Tabernaemontana catharinensis A.DC. tree Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) aertn. herb Tapirira guianensis Aubl. tree Terminalia glabrescens Mart. tree Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & chltdl.) K.chum. shrub

15 Tontelea micrantha (Mart. ex chult.) A.C.m. subshrub Trachypogon plumosus (Kunth) Nees grass Tragia uberabana Müll.Arg. herb Trichilia pallida w. tree Tristachya leiostachya Nees grass Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. herb rochloa decumbens (tapf) R.D.Webster E grass Vernonanthura beyrichii (Less.) H.Rob. shrub Vernonanthura oligolepis (ch.bip. ex Baker) H.Rob. shrub Vernonanthura polyanthes (prengel) Vega & Dematteis shrub Vitex megapotamica (preng.) Moldenke tree Vochysia tucanorum Mart. tree Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers. herb Waltheria communis A.t.-Hil. herb Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. tree Zeyheria montana Mart. shrub Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell.) Bureau ex Verl. tree Zornia reticulata m. herb

16 table 2. Ant species sampled at BE, Brazil, in pecies are classified according to functional group ( = savanna; = generalist; = forest; = uncertain) - see methods for details. pecies whose taxonomic identification was not possible were assigned a morphospecies code. Voucher specimens are deposited at the Zoological Collection of the ederal niversity of berlândia in Brazil. unctional Ant species group Acromyrmex aspersus Acromyrmex sp. 17 Anochetus inermis Apterostigma sp. 01 Apterostigma sp. 03 Apterostigma sp. 05 Atta laevigata Brachymyrmex pilipes Brachymyrmex sp. 01 Brachymyrmex sp. 02 Brachymyrmex sp. 05 Brachymyrmex sp. 12 Brachymyrmex sp. 15 Brachymyrmex sp. 21 Camponotus balzani Camponotus cingulatus Camponotus iheringi Camponotus lespesii Camponotus melanoticus Camponotus renggeri Camponotus rufipes Camponotus senex Camponotus sp. 09 Camponotus sp. 10 Camponotus sp. 14 Camponotus sp. 35 Camponotus sp. 42 Camponotus sp. 44 Camponotus sp. 52 Camponotus sp. 74 Carebara brevipilosa Centromyrmex brachycola Cephalotes pusillus Crematogaster sp. prox. obscurata Crematogaster (crinosa complex) sp. 04 Crematogaster sp. 11 Crematogaster sp. 13 Cyatta abscondita Cyphomyrmex rimosus

17 Cyphomyrmex sp. 07 Cyphomyrmex sp. 33 Cyphomyrmex transversus Dinoponera australis Dorymyrmex goeldii Dorymyrmex sp. 10 Ectatomma edentatum Ectatomma lugens Ectatomma opaciventre Ectatomma permagnum Ectatomma planidens Ectatomma tuberculatum namptogenys acuminata namptogenys striatula namptogenys sulcata Hylomyrma reitteri Hypoponera forelius Hypoponera sp. 01 Hypoponera sp. 11 Hypoponera sp. 12 Hypoponera sp. 13 Hypoponera sp. 14 Labidus coecus Linepithema cerradense Linepithema micans Linepithema sp. 11 Megalomyrmex sp. 06 Mycetagroicus cerradensis Mycetophylax lectus Mycetophylax olitor Mycocepurus goeldii Mycocepurus smithii Myrmelachista nodigera Myrmelachista sp. 04 Myrmelachista sp. 05 Myrmelachista sp. 06 Neivamyrmex pseudops Neoponera marginata Nesomyrmex spininodis Nesomyrmex sp. 06 Nesomyrmex sp. 09 Nylanderia sp. 01 Nylanderia sp. 04 Nylanderia sp. 05 Odontomachus chelifer Odontomachus meinerti

18 Odontomachus sp. 06 Oxyepoecus browni Oxyepoecus sp. 03 Pachycondyla harpax Pachycondyla striata Pheidole cyrtostela Pheidole fracticeps Pheidole gertrudae Pheidole jelskii Pheidole ambigua Pheidole fimbriata Pheidole oxyops Pheidole radoszkowskii Pheidole rufipilis Pheidole aper Pheidole synarmata Pheidole triconstricta Pheidole vafra Pheidole sp. 09 Pheidole sp. 19 Pheidole sp. 117 Pheidole sp. 55 Pheidole sp. 106 Pheidole sp. 117 Pheidole sp. 03 Pheidole sp. 07 Pheidole sp. 08 Pheidole sp. 10 Pheidole sp. 103 Pheidole sp. 106 Pheidole sp. 12 Pheidole sp. 15 Pheidole sp. 19 Pheidole sp. 22 Pheidole sp. 40 Pheidole sp. 45 Pheidole sp. 55 Pheidole sp. 70 Pheidole sp. 72 Pheidole sp. 90 Pheidole sp. 91 Pheidole sp. 92 Pheidole sp. 94 Pheidole sp. 95 Prionopelta punctulata Pseudomyrmex gracilis

19 Pseudomyrmex pallidus Pseudomyrmex termitarius Pseudomyrmex tenuis Pseudomyrmex sp. 29 Pseudomyrmex sp. 30 Rasopone ferruginea Rogeria sp. 02 ericomyrmex sp. 05 olenopsis iheringi olenopsis loretana olenopsis substituta olenopsis sp. 01 olenopsis sp. 06 olenopsis sp. 12 olenopsis sp. 14 olenopsis sp. 17 olenopsis sp. 21 olenopsis sp. 23 olenopsis sp. 28 trumigenys eggersi trumigenys sp. 06 trumigenys sp. 15 trumigenys infidelis Tapinoma sp. 01 Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus Trachymyrmex bugnioni Trachymyrmex sp. 01 Trachymyrmex gr. urichi sp. 02 Trachymyrmex sp. 03 Trachymyrmex sp. 05 Trachymyrmex sp. 15 Trachymyrmex sp. 36 Tranopelta gilva Wasmannia auropunctata Wasmannia sigmoidea

20 table 3. Details of the 30 study plots in this study. The vegetation classes of the Brazilian classification system corresponding to these sites are cerrado sensu stricto (savanna), cerradão (forest), and campo sujo (shrub savanna). EVI is enhanced vegetation index. Basal Leaf C stocks (Mg ha -1 ) Plant richness by geographic range Plant richness by growth form Ant richness Vegetation area area EVI EVI oil + round class (m 2 ha -1 ) index (1986) (2015) Tree Litter Layer Total Exotic orest eneralist avanna rass orb Palm edge hrub ubshrub Tree Treelet avanna eneralist orest Total avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest avanna orest hrub savanna NA NA NA NA hrub savanna NA NA NA NA hrub savanna NA NA NA NA hrub savanna NA NA NA NA hrub savanna NA NA NA NA hrub savanna NA NA NA NA