11/27/2018. Pacific silver fir & western redcedar. Pacific silver fir. Pacific silver fir Pinaceae Abies amabilis. Pinaceae Abies amabilis.

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1 Pacific silver fir & western redcedar By: Aubrey Allen Pinaceae Abies amabilis silver fir/ Cascade fir Cascade range Southeastern Alaska Pacific silver fir Pinaceae Abies amabilis Maritime Cool summers Cold winters High moisture Pacific silver fir Pinaceae Abies amabilis 1

2 Pacific silver fir Pinaceae Abies amabilis Pacific silver fir Pinaceae Abies amabilis Pacific silver fir Pinaceae Abies amabilis 2

3 Pacific silver fir Pinaceae Abies amabilis Pacific silver fir Pinaceae Abies amabilis Cupressaceae Thuja plicata western redcedar Cupressaceae Thuja plicata Giant Arborvitae/ Canoe cedar California to southeastern Alaska 3

4 western redcedar Cupressaceae Thuja plicata western redcedar Cupressaceae Thuja plicata western redcedar Cupressaceae Thuja plicata 4

5 western redcedar Cupressaceae Thuja plicata western redcedar Cupressaceae Thuja plicata 5

6 western redcedar Cupressaceae Thuja plicata western redcedar ft western redcedar Cupressaceae Thuja plicata eastern redcedar 30 60ft Pacific Silver Fir Isn t tree lovely Isn t tree wonderful Isn t tree precious Less then six hundered years old Life and Love are the same Life is amabilis Love is the meaning of its name That s so very lovely made from love 6

7 An Introduction to the Bristlecone Fir and White Fir By Diana Anderson November 27, 2018 Bristlecone Fir Pinaceae Abies bracteata Rarest and Most Endemic Fir in North America. Central California coastline, Santa Lucia Mountains, Los Padres National Forest of Big Sur. By Diana Anderson 7

8 Bristlecone Fir Pinaceae Abies bracteata Grows at feet on bottoms of rocky canyons and 3 5,000 feet in mountains. Cover type: Cone Peak, Ponderosa pine, and Douglas Fir. Lives up to 200 years and grows from feet. Slender spire like form. By Diana Anderson Bristlecone Fir Pinaceae Abies bracteata Very thin Bark vulnerable to fire. Wood boring beetles attack fir trunks and branches. Red brown to gray and smooth. By Diana Anderson Scaly, ridged, and furrowed. Bristlecone Fir Pinaceae Abies bracteata Needles are flat, stiff with sharp tips, 1 2 ½ long. Dark green above, up curved, with 2 white bands underneath and are xeromorphic. By Diana Anderson 8

9 Bristlecone Fir Pinaceae Abies bracteata Bracts extend ½ 1 beyond end of scale and curve outward. Distinguishing ID factor. Cones are 2 5 long and upright, ovoid shape. By Diana Anderson Male staminate pollen cluster White Fir Pinaceae Abies concolor One of largest range of firs: OR, CA, ID, WY, CO, UT, AZ and NM. Grows from 2,300 feet at Pacific Coast to 11,000 feet in Rocky Mountains. By Diana Anderson Climax species. Cover type: Douglas fir, sugar pine, and yellow pine. White Fir Pinaceae Abies concolor By Diana Anderson Typical size is ft. tall and lives over 300 years. A very shade tolerant species with a slender, pyramid shape and straight trunk. 9

10 White Fir Pinaceae Abies concolor Younger bark: thin and smooth with many resin bearing pockets. Older bark: light gray to reddishbrown, with ridged scales. A B C D By Diana Anderson White Fir Pinaceae Abies concolor Needles are 1 ½ 3 long, flattened and pointed at the tip in rows. By Diana Anderson A White Fir Pinaceae Abies concolor B Cones are upright 3 6 long, barrel shaped, and have spike like tips with bracts shorter than scales. Colors range from yellow green, brown to purple and often are not produced for the first 40 years. By Diana Anderson 10

11 White Fir Pinaceae Abies concolor Main uses: Ornamental species in parks and gardens, By Diana Anderson and a popular Christmas tree. Bristlecone Fir (Pinaceae Abies bracteata) and White Fir (Pinaceae Abies concolor) By Diana Anderson Balsam Fir and Fraser fir For 219 Andrew Cole 11/27/18 11

12 Balsam fir Abies balsama Balsam fir is one of the most widely used and planted firs in the northeastern U.S. and Eastern Canada. Balsam fir typically grows tends to grow to in cool climates with temperatures near or around 40 degrees F and also with moisture at its roots year round Balsam fir Balsam fir is an evergreen tree that typically gets about meters tall and can grow on a wide variety of sites including swamps, slopes, and on top of mountains. Balsam fir Balsam fir has small needle like leaves about 1 inch long and get shorter and thicker the higher up the tree 12

13 Balsam fir Balsam fir s bark on young trees is smooth, grey, and with resin blisters (which tend to spray when ruptured), becoming rough and fissured or scaly on old trees Cones are darkish purple change to brown with maturity in color, stand upright on the tree and are about 2 3 inches long Balsam fir Balsam fir Balsam fir is one of the most popular Christmas trees in the U.S. and grown on large plantations all throughout Canada and the northeastern U.S. The resin can be used for microscopes slides, and is also use in medicines and rodent repellent. 13

14 Fir waves Alternating bands of fir trees in different stages of stand development created by the wind, typically occurs along mountains sides Fraser fir Abies fraseri Grows only in the southern part of the Appalachian mountains in along the North Carolina/ Tennessee border and western part of Virginia Will typically grow mostly at higher elevations in well drained acidic soils Very similar to balsam fir in many ways and was at one point considered a subspecies of balsam fir Fraser fir Grows about meters tall and grows at elevations of 4,000 ft. and higher The leaves are very similar to that of balsam and also the growth of form is very similar too. The bark also looks like that of balsam fir 14

15 Fraser fir and balsam fir leaves Fraser fir and balsam fir bark Fraser fir Distinguishing between you have to look at the cones and more specifically the bracts on the cones. 15

16 Fraser fir Is really popular as a Christmas tree and is often used as the official white house Christmas tree Balsam woolly adelgid Invasive species from Europe that infest and kills fir trees, in particular Balsam and Fraser fir Since the introduction of this species mortality rates for Fraser fir have been about 90 99% although in recent years areas of young Fraser firs have been regenerating Jeopardy Balsam fir Fraser fir

17 Where does balsam fir prefer to grow? in cool climates with temperatures near or around 40 degrees F and also with moisture at its roots year round What does the bark on a young balsam tree look like? 17

18 is smooth, grey, and with resin blisters How do you tell Balsam fir and Fraser fir cones apart? Look at the extended bracts on the cones 18

19 How high were mortality rates in Fraser fir with the introduction of the Balsam woolly adelgid? 90 99% 19

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23 California red fir and noble fir By Colten Martin May 2, 2018 Unique characteristics of firs There are 56 species of fir Firs are uninodal, which means each year the tree produces a new whorl of branches The cones grow upright rather than hang down and disintegrate to disperse seeds Also, cones are softer than other conifers The leaves are attached directly to the twigs, unlike pines Firs do not produce resin when injured, unlike pine 23

24 California Red Fir: Pinaceae Abiesmagnifica California red fir Pinaceae Abies magnifica Evergreen Conifer Average size: ft. tall with a 6.6 ft. DBH Largest specimens reach 250 ft. tall with a 10 ft DBH Bark: Young trees have smooth, grey bark with resin blisters Bark: Older specimens have rough, orange red and fissured Leaves: in. long glaucous, blue green, and posseses strong stomatal bands. Cones are yellow green and in. long California red fir Pinaceae Abies magnifica Champion ft tall and a 9.8 ft DBH Found in Yosemite National Park in California 24

25 California red fir Pinaceae Abies magnifica California red fir Pinaceae Abies magnifica California red fir Range: Found in Pinaceae Abies magnifica Oregon, California, and Nevada Elevations of 4,500 8,600 ft. Found in almost pure stands 25

26 California red fir Pinaceae Abies magnifica Uses for California red fir Include framing, plywood, pulpwood, coarse lumber, fuel, and high quality wrapping paper noble fir Pinaceae Abies procera noble fir Pinaceae Abies procera Evergreen conifer, long living with specimens aged at Average size: ft. tall with a 3 4 ft. DBH North America s largest fir species Bark: Young bark is greyish green and covered in resin blisters Bark: Older bark is mottled grey and brown with furrows and ridges Leaves: Flattened needles in. long, dark green Cone: 2 4 in. long, barrel shaped, purplish green at maturity 26

27 noble fir Pinaceae Abies procera noble fir Pinaceae Abies procera Champion The champion is 278 ft tall with a 9.5 ft DBH Yellowjacket Creek at the Gifford Pinchot National Forest in Washington Lost 27 ft of its top due to wind, but remains champion due to bulk noble fir Pinaceae Abies procera 27

28 noble fir Pinaceae Abies procera Range Found in northern California and western Oregon and Washington Typically occurs at elevations of 980 4,920 ft. noble fir Pinaceae Abies procera Noble fir uses Accounts for 1/3 of Christmas trees grown in the Pacific Northwest Native Americans used branches and needles as a cold remedy Was used as framing for fighter planes in WW2 due to its high weight/strength ratio Also used as pulpwood, siding, and sawtimber noble fir Pinaceae Abies procera Christmas tree silvics Christmas tree industry is valued at $1 billion Can be planted on areas not suitable for other crops Plantation sites are flat areas with all rock and debris removed Seedling are planted by hand, avoiding soil compaction Trees are planted early spring 28

29 Christmas tree silvics Trees are sprayed 6 7 times per year with insecticides and herbicides After 3 rd growing season, each tree will be sheared and pruned annually to achieve the proper shape Trees are harvested at around 6 ft tall, which takes roughly 7 10 years Tamarack and Western Larch Sadie Backus 86 Tamarack (Pinaceae Larix laricina) Size and Structure 50 to 75 feet (15 23 m) in height 14 to 20 inches (46 51 cm) DBH Max age about 180 years 87 29

30 Tamarack (Pinaceae Larix laricina) Range Map 88 Tamarack (Pinaceae Larix laricina) Needles and Cones 1 inch long needles in clusters of 10 to to 0.75 inch cones 89 Flowers and Seeds Tamarack (Pinaceae Larix laricina) 90 30

31 Tamarack (Pinaceae Larix laricina) Bark 91 Tamarack (Pinaceae Larix laricina) Timber Value Pulpwood Used to make posts, poles, mine timbers, and railroad ties 92 Tamarack (Pinaceae Larix laricina) Wildlife Value Snowshoe hares, porcupines, red squirrels, and spruce, blue, and sharp tailed grouse Low palatability for deer and moose 93 31

32 Tamarack (Pinaceae Larix laricina) Fun Facts only native deciduous conifer of Illinois one of only few species of conifers that are not evergreen In Alaska, young tamarack stems are used for dogsled runners, boat ribs and fishtraps. Can withstand temperatures of 85 F 94 Western Larch (Pinaceae Larix occidentalis) Size and Structure 100 to 180 feet tall but can be over 200 feet tall DBH up to 6 feet Bark can be up to 18 inches thick Very fire resistant Shade intolerant 95 Western Larch (Pinaceae Larix occidentalis) Range 96 32

33 Western Larch (Pinaceae Larix occidentalis) Needles and Cones Clusters of 15 to 30 spirallyarranged needles 1 to 2 inches Male cones are 0.4 inches long and Female cones are up to 1.5 inches long 97 Western Larch (Pinaceae Larix occidentalis) Bark 98 Western Larch (Pinaceae Larix occidentalis) Timber Value Very important timber producing species in the western United States and western Canada densest wood of the northwestern conifers high heating value makes it one of the best fuel woods in the region 99 33

34 Western Larch (Pinaceae Larix occidentalis) Wildlife Value Pileated woodpeckers Rodents, birds, and squirrels Low palatability for deer and moose 100 Western Larch (Pinaceae Larix occidentalis) Fun Facts Native Americans made syrup from the sap, ate the cambium, and chewed solidified pitch as gum Gus is the world s largest larch tree with a circumference of 273in