Minnesota State Tree 4/30/2018. Red Pine (Pinaceae Pinus resinosa) And Pitch Pine (Pinaceae Pinus rigida) Pinaceae Pinus resinosa

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1 Red Pine (Pinaceae Pinus resinosa) And Pitch Pine (Pinaceae Pinus rigida) By: Kameryn Strickland March 21, 2018 Red Pine Pinaceae Pinus resinosa feet in height. Tallest 143 feet in Hartwick Pines State Park, Michigan. 3 foot DBH. Long lived. Oldest 500 years old from Ontario. Minnesota state tree Minnesota State Tree In 1953 Minnesota designated Red Pine as its state tree. Red Pine is often called Norway Pine 1

2 Silvics for Red Pine (Pinaceae Pinus resinosa) Low genetic variation. Seed dispersal Effective. Distribution Wide. Ecology for Red Pine (PinaceaePinus resinosa) Dominates on sand plains or low ridges near lakes and swamps. Adapted to coarse textured and fine textured soils. Shade intolerant. Low drought tolerant. Mature trees are resistant to freezing. Range for Red Pine (PinaceaePinus resinosa) Found mostly in the Northern states around the Great Lakes and in lower parts of Canada. 2

3 How to identify Identical to Austrian pine, Northern loblolly pine, and Japanese red pine. The bark is smooth and red brown in color. Cones are small, ovoid, and are a chestnut brown color. Buds are an orange brown color. Two needle like leaves per fascicle. Typically 2 5in. long. Twisted branches. Uses for Red Pine (Pinaceae Pinus resinosa) Some wildlife value. Ornamental. Essential oil. Mainly used for it s timber and pulpwood value. Review Long lived. Widely distributed near the Great Lakes region. 2 needles per fascicle. Ovoid, chestnut brown cone. Orange brown bud. Used mainly for timber and pulpwood. Minnesota state tree. Often referred to as Norway Pine. + = 3

4 Pitch Pine Pinaceae Pinus rigida On average, feet in height. Tallest 146 feet tall near the West Fork Chattooga River in Georgia. Often has crooked trunk. Long lived. Oldest 351 years old from New York. Silvics for Pitch Pine (Pinaceae Pinus rigida) Genetic variation Moderate. Seed dispersal Effective. Distribution Limited. Ecology for Pitch Pine (Pinaceae Pinus rigida) Commonly found on poorer sites. Grows in soils that are sandy and gravelly. Shade intolerant. Decay resistant. Drought tolerant. One of the most fire resilient eastern conifers. 4

5 Range for Pitch Pine (PinaceaePinus rigida) Found mainly in the Northeastern United States. How to identify Identical to loblolly pine and shortleaf pine. As the tree matures the bark turns red brown. Cones are short, ovoid, and brown in color. Buds are stout and an orangebrown color. Three needle like leaves per fascicle. Usually 3 5in. long. Uses for Pitch Pine (Pinaceae Pinus rigida) Some wildlife value. Candles. Railroad ties. Ship building. 5

6 Native American tribe uses for Pitch Pine (Pinaceae Pinus rigida) Iroquois uses: burns, cuts, boils, and laxative. Shinnecock uses: boils, and abscesses. Cherokee uses: canoe construction and decorative carvings. Review Long lived. Medium sized tree. Limited distribution. Found in the Northeastern United States. Grows on poorer sites. 3 needles per fascicle. Short ovoid, brown cone. Stout, orange brown buds. + = Eastern White Pine & Virginia Pine By: Dylan Thompson April 30 th,

7 Eastern White Pine Pinaceae Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine Pinaceae Pinus strobus Uses: Ship masts Timber Christmas tree and ornamental Wildlife Windbreaks Eastern White Pine Pinaceae Pinus strobus 7

8 Eastern White Pine Pineace Pinus strobus Virginia Pine Pinaceae Pinus virginiana Virginia Pine Pineaceae Pinus virginiana Uses: Mine timbers, railroad ties Reclamation sites after mining Christmas tree 8

9 McKenzie Lucas Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa & March 22, 2018 Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Needles 1-1 ¾ long Greyish-green Tip pointed Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa CONES 4-8 long Brown, oblong Hangs from twig 9

10 Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa CONES Short, stiff Pronged bracts between cone scales Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Habitat includes chaparral and open woodlands in California s dry southwestern mountains Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Elevation between 65 7,900 feet 10

11 Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Can respond to fire by generating new growth from its trunks and branches Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Range map includes South Western California. Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa TWIGS Slender, reddish brown often drooping, with long sharp, pointed, reddish brown buds. 11

12 Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Has largest cones in Pseudotsuga genus, hence the name Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Uses for wildlife such as black-tailed deer and black bear Needles ¾-1 ¼ long Dark, yellow-green Flexible 12

13 NEEDLES Not prickly Fruity scent when crushed Grooved above CONES 2-4 long Light brown Short stalked CONES Hangs from twig Long, 3-pronged bracts, upcurved in inland trees, straight in coastal trees, potrude from between cone scales 13

14 Habitat includes forets on coastal and mountain slopes Elevation 0-11,000 feet Range map includes Western United States and Canada North Americas second tallest treerecorded at 329 ft tall and exceeded only by the Redwood 14

15 Bark is smooth and gray on young stems, becoming thickened, red-brown with ridges and deep furrows. Ornamental value in parks and gardens Commonly used as Christmas tree since the 1920s Uses for wildlife such as western squirrels, red tree mouse, and woodrats 15

16 Fire resistant and can handle a forest fire even though the bark will be charred and black Used for lumber and is very good as wood fuel The main pests that the is susceptible to include aphids, scale beetles and bark beetles. 16

17 & Bigcone Pinaceae Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Differences include size of cone and Big- Cone tree is smaller than Douglas Fir Eastern Hemlock Western Hemlock By Spencer Chichester Pinaceae Tsuga Canadensis : Eastern Hemlock Identification Height 31m (100 Feet) Avg. Twigs yellow-brown in color Needles variable 1/4-3/4 inch long Mild to dark green Two distinct white stripes of stoma 17

18 Identification continued Usually strait trunk with broad crown Scaly brownish bark Small ovoid buds Small Scaled cones Pinaceae Tsuga Canadensis Ecology Long lived years to maturity Humid clement Extremely shade tolerance Need moist soil but has to be well drained High intensity fire will kill stand Pinaceae Tsuga Canadensis Ecology Droughts can kill roots quickly Major component of 4 forest cover types Minor component of 25 forest cover types Pinaceae Tsuga Canadensis 18

19 Range Pinaceae Tsuga Canadensis Silvics Extremely dense stands Seeds easily dry out Slow growth years to maturity Attacked by disease and insects Pinaceae Tsuga Canadensis Uses Tannin production 19 th century Wildlife habitat Good nail holding ability Paper production Pinaceae Tsuga Canadensis 19

20 Pinaceae Tsuga heterophylla : Western Hemlock Identification Feet in height Needles are variable at 1/4-3/4 inchlong Mild to dark green Have two distinct white bands of stoma along underside of the needle Cones are small being only mm in size Bark brown-grey rough Ecology Located in the temperate rain forest Grows well on all soils Component of at least 20 different cover types in the west Pinaceae Tsuga heterophylla Range Pinaceae Tsuga heterophylla 20

21 Silvics Very dense stands TPA Long lived species years Can out produce Sitka Spruce and Douglas Fir Seed crops only 50% viable Pinaceae Tsuga heterophylla Silvics What can kill it Fire low intensity ground fire Susceptible to sulfide dioxide Top kill by frost damage Dwarf Mistletoe High risk if root and butt pathogen/rot Blow down Pinaceae Tsuga heterophylla Uses Dimensional Lumber Paper pulp Some interior due to stain and nail retention. Pinaceae Tsuga heterophylla 21

22 Canada Yew (Taxaceae Taxus canadensis) & Florida Nutmeg (Cephalotaxaceae Torreya taxifolia) By Nathan Durand Cephalotaxaceae Torreya taxifolia Florida nutmeg Myristicaceae Myristica fragrans Common names Florida nutmeg Florida torreya Gopher wood Stinking yew Stinking cedar Not a true cedar or yew! 22

23 Florida nutmeg Canada Yew Cephalotaxaceae vs Taxaceae 23

24 Torreya taxifolia Evergreen tree Can reach heights of 60 ft. Whorled branches Stiff, needle like leaves (1 2inches) dioecious Most of the trees immature and less than 7 feet tall 24

25 CRITICALLY ENDANGERED Used to be around 600,000 trees Now there are only around trees With 10 of those being able to produce male or female cones Believed to have been wiped out by several fungus Trees don t reach reproductive size before being killed IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) viability analysis says extinction in its native range is inevitable Global warming Torreya Guardians assisted migration Pro: There are trees surviving in botanical gardens and nurseries Con: This could be dangerous/harmful to ecosystems Evolutionary anachronism Possibly dispersed by a now extinct animal (possibly a large tortoise) Seeds are hard and require scarification to germinate Scarification may have been completed through an animal s digestive tract 25

26 Taxaceae Taxus canadensis Canada Yew NOT endangered Pretty pathetic rarely getting over 8ft tall 26

27 Can t do much with it Everything toxic (except the aril) No wood (it s a shrub) What has been done with it Native tribes used the plant in a tea or steam bath to help with ailments like rheumatism What s being done with it Plant contains taxanes which is a chemical being researched for cancer treatment Greens, new growth, which can be harvested sustainably every 5 years 27