Grundy County Farm Bureau Agriculture in the Classroom Soybean Lesson Booklet

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Grundy County Farm Bureau Agriculture in the Classroom Soybean Lesson Booklet"

Aron Barnett
5 years ago
Views:

2018-2019 Grundy County Farm Bureau Agriculture in the Classroom Soybean Lesson Booklet For more information contact: Grundy County

1 Grundy County Farm Bureau Agriculture in the Classroom Soybean Lesson Booklet For more information contact: Grundy County Farm Bureau Ann Collet, Ag Literacy Coordinator 4000 N. Division, Morris, IL

2 Soybean Words To Know Acre: A unit of measure. We measure our farms by acres. The average size farm in Grundy County is 42 acres. One acre is about the size of a football field. Crop Rotations: Changing the crop grown in a field. This benefits all crops used in the rotation by providing different hosts for pests and using and adding different nutrients to the soil. Edamame: Immature soybeans prepared in their pods for human consumption. Export: To sell products to another country. Import: To buy products from another country. Lecithin: A substance made from soybean oil, which is used as an ingredient in many baked goods, dairy products and instant foods as well as medicines, cosmetics, paints, inks, rubber, and plastics. Lecithin prevents ingredients mixed together from separating before the product is used. For example, soy lecithin in a Hershey s chocolate bar keeps the chocolate and cocoa butter mixed together so the candy bar doesn t become oily. Legume: A family of plants that grow pods. The fruit of the legume is a pod and the roots of the plant have nodules. The legume family includes soybeans, peas, peanuts, beans, clover and alfalfa. Nitrogen: An essential element for all living things. Plants require nitrogen to grow their roots, stalks and vines. Grain crops need a constant supply of nitrogen to produce good yields. Nodule: A small growth, which develops on the roots of legumes, containing bacteria able to convert nitrogen from the air in the soil to a form of nitrogen plants need for food. This new form of nitrogen is released back into the soil and will be available to growing crops. Nutrient: a substance necessary for organisms to grow and live. People receive their nutrients by eating a variety of foods each day. Plants absorb nutrients through the roots from water and soil. Protein: A nutrient people and animals need for growth and maintenance. Proteins are important for strong muscles. Whole soybeans are 40% protein. The quality of soy protein is equal to the protein we usually get from meat, fish and poultry. Soybean: A member of the legume family. The soybeans produced in the pods of the plant are also the seeds. Soybeans are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. Tofu: A soft, cheese-like food product made from whole soybeans also called soybean curd. Tofu does not have much taste by itself, but takes on the taste of the seasoning in any recipe it is used in. 2

From the, the Chinese people made bean sprouts, soymilk, soy flour and bean curd, called tofu. Tofu became an important food in the Chinese monasteries. It was the monks who introduced to Japan.

3 The Story of Soybeans The story of soybeans begins over 3,000 years ago in the country of. The first soybeans were brown seeds from a wild vine. By 1100 BC, the Chinese farmers had developed a soybean plant that could grow straight up and produce large protein-rich beans. From the, the Chinese people made bean sprouts, soymilk, soy flour and bean curd, called tofu. Tofu became an important food in the Chinese monasteries. It was the monks who introduced to Japan. From Japan soybeans were brought to where they were used to make cooking oil, hand soaps and cattle feed., a British seaman, grew the first soybeans in North America near Savannah, Georgia. At first, farmers grew soybeans only for feed. They harvested the whole plant, let it dry and fed it to livestock. By the late 1820 s, U.S. farmers were raising a variety of soybeans for soy sauce. first planted soybeans in his garden in Illinois near Alton in In the 1900 s, three men recognized the importance of soybeans. In 1904, the chemist and inventor discovered that the soybean was a great source of protein and oil. Following World War I, began a campaign to convince farmers to grow more soybeans for food and feed uses. A. E. Staley, called Gene, was a driving force behind the rise of soybeans in Illinois and the United States. He founded the A. E. Staley Company in, Illinois in 1909, as a corn starch manufacturer. He added soybean processing in 1916, and soybean crushing in

Mr. Staley was a big proponent of crop and even built the Soybean

to grow soybeans and utilize crop rotation.

4 Mr. Staley was a big proponent of crop and even built the Soybean Special, a that he used to travel the Midwest and convince farmers to grow soybeans and utilize crop rotation. In the 1940 s,, a pioneer automaker, also grew soybeans. Ford produced and from soybean oil. From soybean meal he made horn buttons, instrument knobs, window trim and gas pedals. He also made a suit,, tie and hat from a soybean fabric. 4

5 Parts of a Soybean Seed The Leaves collect sun and carbon dioxide to make food for the plant. The Pods contain the soybeans. The Stem supports the leaves, flowers, and seeds. It also has tubes that take food from the leaves down to the roots. The Nodules allow the plant to use the nutrients in the soil. The Flowers have the male and female reproductive parts of the plant. The Roots support the plant. They also absorb water and nutrients from the soil. 5

6 Complete the dot to dot to find out what animal eats the most soybean meal as feed in Illinois. Write that animal here:. FROM ONE BUSHEL OF SOYBEANS.. A typical bushel of soybeans weighs 60 pounds 12 pounds of oil can be extracted for use in food products such as cooking oils, mayonnaise, margarine, salad dressings and shortening; or for industrial uses such as disinfectants, insecticides, linoleum, electrical insulation, soap, wall board, ink, soy diesel, building materials and crayons. 48 pounds of meal can be used to feed livestock and pets; or further refined into baby food, cereals, soy milk and meat substitutes. Industrial uses of meal include fertilizer, particleboard, texture paint and construction cements U.S. soybean crop: 4,310,000,000 bushels 2016 Illinois soybean crop: 592,950,000 bushels 2016 Grundy County soybean crop: 5,416,000 bushels 2016 Will County soybean crop: 5,754,000 bushels 6

7 It s a Global Economy Import: to bring products into a country from another country. Export: to sell products to another country. The United States imports many products including cocoa, cinnamon, vanilla, olive oil, wool, coffee, various fruits, rubber, sugar, tea, machinery, cars and clothing. Products that grow in the U.S. during a specific growing season, but not all year, are often imported during the off-season. This primarily includes certain fresh fruits and vegetables. Occasionally, an agricultural product, such as sugar, will be imported to the United States in its raw form, then processed and packaged in America. A few of the products the U.S. exports are beef, pork, soybeans, soy products, wheat and other grains. We are able to export these products because they can be grown, raised or produced in the United States and we grow more than we need. The top ten countries we export to are China, Mexico, the European Union, Indonesia, Taiwan, Egypt, Turkey, South Korea and Syria. Importing provides the United States with the goods we need and want that are not produced here. Exporting provides other countries with American goods. Trade and marketing are very important to American agriculture. U.S. farmers grow much of the food that feeds the world. Sales of U.S. commodities to many countries around the world help make America the largest exporter of agricultural products in the world. Sales of processed and packaged foods to other countries from the U.S. are increasing each year. Frozen vegetables and boxed cereals, processed and packaged in the U.S., can now be found in supermarkets around the world. What about Soybeans? In recent years, people in many other parts of the world have become interested in soybeans because they are high in protein. They have great potential as a food source for the growing human population. Until World War II, China was the leading exporter of soybeans to other countries. However, postwar problems prevented them from producing and selling soybeans. The world needed a new supplier. The American farmer became this supplier. Today, soybeans are the American farmers largest export crop. Top Soybean Exporters, 2016 Top Soybean Importers, 2016 Country Soybeans exported, in Bu. Country Bu. Imported Brazil 2,241,000,000 China 1,317,074,735 United States 2,025,000,000 Mexico 133,720,631 Argentina Indonesia 94,594,441 Paraguay 198,000,000 Japan 86,709,560 Canada 162,000,000 Netherlands 72,061,736 Uruguay Taiwan 55,794,723 Ukraine 130,000,000 Germany 43,833,208 7

8 Using the carts on the previous page,: Put an E and the number of their rank on the top soybean exporters on the map. Put an I and the number of their rank on those countries on your map. For example, Brazil is the number 1 exporter, so in South America, you would put an E1. Where were soybeans discovered? Draw a star on your map there. Soybeans first traveled to what country? Draw a line there and put a triangle. The next stop on soybeans journey was where? Draw a line and put a small box there. Soybeans first arrived in North America in Georgia. Draw a line to Georgia and put a small circle there. Soybeans completed their journey to Illinois! Draw a line to Illinois to finish their travels. 8

9 A Soybean Timeline. Important dates in Soybean History 1100 BC 900 A. Mississippian culture brings corn to Illinois B. Soybeans grown in China 1183 C Soybeans are first grown in North America D. Soy Sauce is made in England E. John Deere invents the Steel Plow in Grand Detour F. Tofu is recorded in Japan G. Henry Ford experiments with soybean uses H. The Illinois and Michigan Canal opens I. The first soybeans are gown in Illinois near Alton J. George Washington Carver discovers benefits of soybeans K. A.E. Staley begins processing soybeans in Decatur 1100BC Directions: Write the letter of the event above the date on the timeline that matches that event. 9

The Life of A Soybean In the late spring, farmers grow soybeans by planting the small soybean seeds. During the summer the soybean plant produces. The purpose of the flowers is to produce called.

During the growing season, the soybeans need water, sunshine and nutrients from the soil to grow healthy and strong. Soybeans are grown in 30 states. is one of the top producers.

Once the soybeans leave the farm, they are taken to a where the hulls are removed. Next, the insides of the beans are flattened into flakes for easier removal of the oil.

10 The Life of A Soybean In the late spring, farmers grow soybeans by planting the small soybean seeds. During the summer the soybean plant produces. The purpose of the flowers is to produce called. They contain 2-4 peas-sized. These seeds can be used to grow other soybean plants. Each soybean plant can produce pods. During the growing season, the soybeans need water, sunshine and nutrients from the soil to grow healthy and strong. Soybeans are grown in 30 states. is one of the top producers. In the, the pods turn brown and the soybeans are harvested. On one acre of farmland, a farmer could grow 50 bushels of soybeans. A bushel of soybeans weighs 60 pounds. Once the soybeans leave the farm, they are taken to a where the hulls are removed. Next, the insides of the beans are flattened into flakes for easier removal of the oil. Soybean oil is used to make many foods including, mayonnaise and candy. Soybeans are used to make flour and a milk-like dairy replacement drink. These are especially important to people who are allergic to wheat flour or cow s milk. Soybeans are very easy to digest and are used to make many. Soybean oil is also used to make industrial products like paint, plastics, insecticides, soap, and fuels. In addition to oil, each soybean contains meal. Most of the soybean meal is used to make. There is probably some soybean meal in the pet food your dog, cat or fish eats, too! Soybeans belong to the family of plants called. Other members of the legume family are,, and. Soybeans are low in calories and contain no cholesterol. They are rich in vitamins, minerals and protein. Soybeans contain protein equal in quality to the protein we get from eating meat, fish and poultry. helps your body to grow. 10

11 11

Ten Things You Might Not Know Can Be Made From Soybeans 1. Astro Turf is known worldwide for providing athletes of all skill sets with a place to play the sports they love.

The soybean oils used help the surface stand up to cleats, water and the frequent use of the playing field. 2.

12 Ten Things You Might Not Know Can Be Made From Soybeans 1. Astro Turf is known worldwide for providing athletes of all skill sets with a place to play the sports they love. What might not be so well known is that soybean oils are used to create the playing surface and replace petroleum oils. The soybean oils used help the surface stand up to cleats, water and the frequent use of the playing field. 2. Paintball is a popular sport involving shooting your opponents with little balls filled with paint. It's also a sport that uses soybean oil to create the ammunition. The use of soybean oil to make the paint inside the balls environmentally friendly while keeping a similar shape and flight compared to paintballs made with other oils. 3. Soy candles are made from soy wax, which is made from soybean oil. Some benefits to soy candles over traditional paraffin wax candles include a cleaner burn, the ability to burn for between 30% and 50% longer than regular candles and produce a stronger scent. Soy candles are also biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. 4. After staining a deck, table or other piece of wood, chances are you've done so using soybeans. Soy lecithin is a key ingredient in wood stains for its preservation materials. It helps keep pigments dispersed in paints to prevent agglomeration (collecting in a mass). Many soy-based wood stains are able to add a color and depth to wood surfaces that outperforms traditional wood stains. 5. Soybeans, specifically soybean oil is a key component to making crayons. Soy crayons are easier to use as they glide smoother and don't flake. The colors created using the soybean oils are brighter, are less toxic to children and are entirely biodegradable. The Wisconsin Soybean Association estimates that one acre of soybeans can produce about 82,368 crayons! 12

6. Because it's better for the environment, more economically viable and can last longer than traditional fluids, soy-based hydraulic fluids have become a mainstay in hydraulic machinery.

Soybased hydraulic have become so popular that even the elevator inside the Statue of Liberty runs on it. 7.

13 6. Because it's better for the environment, more economically viable and can last longer than traditional fluids, soy-based hydraulic fluids have become a mainstay in hydraulic machinery. Hydraulic fluids made from soybeans are also safer than traditional oils. Soy-based products have a fire point of around 610 F compared to 392 F for traditional oils. Soybased hydraulic have become so popular that even the elevator inside the Statue of Liberty runs on it. 7. Pick up a newspaper and a pen and while the two look drastically different, their inks make them quite similar. Soy-based inks are used by almost 90% of American newspapers because its more environmentally friendly. For example, newspapers that use soy inks are easier to recycle because the ink can be removed in an easier and more timely manner. In other ink applications, soy -based inks are able to produce higher quality and more accurate colors. 8. Sometimes after a meal, a piece of chewing gum can be the perfect way to freshen your breath. Look on the back of the package and chances are soy lecithin is one of the ingredients listed. Soy lecithin's uses in gum including acting as a preservative to help increase shelf life, help keep the gum's coating from sticking to the package and even the gum's hard outer shell is made from soy lecithin. 9. Walk by a construction site where new homes are being built and you'll eventually see spray foam insulation throughout the frame of the house. Soy is becoming increasingly popular as an ingredient in spray foam insulation for many reasons including its ability to block drafts and sound, lower heating and cooling costs, resistance to mold and mildew, and ability to limit pollen, dust and other allergens from entering the home. 10. As winter approaches and the temperature inches closer to zero and below, there's nothing quite like curling up by a fire. When purchasing a log for the fire, you'll be surprised to find that soy plays an integral part in the log's usage. FarmedFuels developed a fire log called SwitchFire, made up of 50% soy. The soy wax causes the log to burn cleaner which reduces levels of residue, and makes the log burn slower. The slow burn helps keep the house warmer for longer periods of time. 13

14 14

15 Word List for the Story of Soybeans A. E. Staley Samuel Bowen George Washington Carver Henry Ford John H. Lea China Decatur England Paints Plastics Rotation Shirt Soybean Tofu Train Word List for The Life of a Soybean Animal Feed Flowers Legumes Peanuts Processing Plant Seeds Baby Foods Fruits Lima Beans Peas Protein Fall Illinois Margarine Pods Printing Ink 15

Bean Seed Cycle. Grade Level(s) K - 2. Estimated Time 60 minutes

Bean Seed Cycle. Grade Level(s) K - 2. Estimated Time 60 minutes Bean Seed Cycle Grade Level(s) K - 2 Estimated Time 60 minutes Purpose This lesson introduces students to how soybeans are grown by farmers, teaches seed anatomy through a seed dissection activity, and