A new species of Ferula (Apiaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey

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1 Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBOJBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society The Linnean Society of London, 2005? Original Article Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 147, With 2 figures A NEW SPECIES OF FERULA FROM TURKEY H. DUMAN and M. SA IRO LU A new species of Ferula Apiaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey HAYR İ DUMAN* and MEHMET SAGIROGLU Gazi University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey Received April 2004; accepted for publication July 2004 Ferula coskunii H. Duman & M. Sagıroglu sp. nov. from the Amanos Mountains C6: Hatay-Turkey) is described and illustrated. It is closely related to F. drudeana Korovin, from which it differs mainly in habit, basal leaves, stem and mericarp features The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 147, ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Amanos mountain Mediterranean taxonomy Umbelliferae. INTRODUCTION The main source of information on Ferula L. is Korovin s monograph of the genus in which he recognized 133 species Korovin, 1947). Since then, about 50 new species have been described, mostly from Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey Peșmen, 1971; Chamberlain & Rechinger, 1987a). The genus has its greatest concentration of specimens in Central Asia where about 130 out of 180 species occur and c. 100 are endemic Korovin, 1947; Chamberlain & Rechinger, 1987a). In Turkey, the first revision of Ferula was carried out by Peșmen 1972) in Davis s Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 4, in which he recognized 18 species one of them incompletely known), of which nine are endemic; no new species have been added since. Ferula is a taxonomically difficult genus, because its leaves are usually dried up when the fruit is ripe. Basal leaves and mature mericarps are essential for certain determination. A comprehensive revision of Turkish Ferula has been undertaken by the authors since 2000 and a large number of specimens have been collected from all over Turkey. An interesting specimen was collected from Ziyaret Mountain Hatay- Yayladagı) by the first author in August In the field, the specimens looked like Ferula at first glance as they lacked bracts, had a prominent sheath and yel- *Corresponding author. hduman@gazi.edu.tr low flowers. During a subsequent visit made to collect adequate flowering and fruiting material, it was confirmed that this taxon was referable to Ferula. After a close examination of the account of Ferula in the Flora of Turkey Peșmen, 1972), it was clear that the specimens were quite different from all Turkish Ferula species. The specimens were also cross-checked with accounts of Ferula from other floras, such as Flora Iranica Chamberlain & Rechinger, 1987a, b), Flora of Lebanon and Syria Mouterde, 1986a, b), Flora Palaestine Zohary, 1987a, b), Flora Europaea Cannon, 1968), Flora of the U.S.S.R. Korovin, 1951), Flora of Egypt Tackholm, 1974), Flora of Cyprus Meikle, 1977) and compared with specimens in GAZI, ANK and HUB herbaria. We decided that our specimens are representatives of a species new to science Fig. 1). A map is provided Fig. 2) showing the distribution of both F. coskunii H. Duman & M. Sagıroglu and F. drudeana Korovin based on the localities where we found specimens and the citations of Peșmen 1972). The authors of plant names follow Brummit & Powel 1992). DESCRIPTION FERULA COSKUNII H. DUMAN & M. SAGIROGLU SP. NOV. FIG. 1) Type: Turkey. C6 Hatay: From Hatay to Yayladagı road, west of Șenköy, Ziyaret Dagı, m, 357

2 358 H. DUMAN and M. SAGIROGLU Figure 1. Ferula coskunii H. Duman & M. Sagıroglu sp. nov. A: lower part of plant; Aa), fibrous collar; Ab), petiole of basal leaves; Ac), lower sheaths. B: middle and upper sheaths: C: fruiting part of plants. D: ultimate segment of basal leaves. E: dorsal surface of fruit. F: commissural surface of mericarps. G: sections of mericarps; Ga), vittae; Gb), vascular bundle.

3 A NEW SPECIES OF FERULA FROM TURKEY 359 A B T U R K E Y ripe; dorsal ridges weakly filiform, lateral wings mm wide; stylopodium short, terete; style usually persistent; stigma capitate; dorsal vittae per vallecula 1, commissural vittae 2-4) and usually near lateral wings. C Adana Gazjantep Hatay km Figure 2. Ferula coskunii H. Duman & M. Sagıroglu sp. nov. ), F. drudeana Korovin ). clearing forest, calcareous rock, 2.ix.2002, N, E, H.Duman 8779 & C.S.Erdurak holotype: GAZI, isotypes: ANK, HUB, E). Diagnosis: Affinis F. drudeanae Korovin sed foliis basalibus cm non cm), lamina sparsim crispato-pubescenti non dense), petiolis cm et glabris non 8 20 cm et pubescentibus), vagina membranacea et glabra non papyracea et puberula), umbellis fructiferis radiis 8 14 non 16 22), radiis 1 2 cm non 4 7 cm), umbellis lateralibus 2 non 3 9), pedicellis fructiferis 3 5 mm non 7 11 mm), mericarpiis mm non mm), vittis dorsalibus 1 per valleculam non 2 3), vittis commissuralibus 2 non 6 10) recedit. Description: Perennial herbs. ROOTSTOCK thick, cylindric, 1 4 cm diam., dense fibrous collar present <10 cm long. STEM cm, terete, sulcate, ± glaucous, glabrous, cm diam. at the base. BASAL LEAVES triangular-ovate in outline, cm; petioles long, cm, terete, sulcate and glabrous; lamina 6 7-pinnate, ultimate segments linear-lanceolate, ) mm, acute-acuminate, sparsely crisped-pubescent. All sheaths linearlanceolate, weakly inflated, membraneous, sulcate, glaucous, glabrous; lower and middle sheaths amplexicaul, cm, lamina reduced, 3 5-pinnate; upper sheaths subamplexicaul, cm, lamina obsolete or a few segments. INFLORESCENCE lax and long branched paniculate; lateral branches ascending, to 30 cm; bracts like sheath present at base of lateral branches cm); central umbels shortpeduncled cm), rays 4-) ), 1 2-3) cm, usually subequal, lateral umbels usually 2, thin and long-peduncled, usually sterile; umbellules flowers, fruiting pedicels 3 5-7) mm, subequal. BRACTEOLES usually absent, rarely 2 4, linear-lanceolate, mm, caducous. SEPALS obsolete. PETALS yellow, glabrous, mm, reflexed. MERICARPS elliptic-oblong, mm, dark green-brown when Fl. 7 8, calcareous rocky places, clearings of forest, m. Paratype: C6 Hatay: From Hatay to Yaylada g road, west of Șenköy, Ziyaret Da g, m, clearing of forest, calcareous rock, 16.vii.2002, N, E, H.Duman 8772 GAZI, HUB, ANK); ibid. 20.ix.2002, M.Sagıroglu 2270 GAZI); C6 Hatay: Hassa-Dedemli Köyü, Köremez Tepe, m, 21.vii.1979, A.Güner 2112 HUB). Specimens examined: F. drudeana Korovin; Turkey. C5 Adana: inter Farasch Farașa) et Jagaly Çakallı), Siehe 403 iso. E!). C5 Kayseri: Yahyalı, around Çamlıca Köyü, m, clearings of Juniperus, Abies and Quercus forest, rocky places, 4.vii.2003, M. Sagıroglu 2366 & A.Duran GAZI). Notes: Ferula coskunii is an endemic species, restricted to the Amanos Mountains South Anatolia), and is representative of the East Mediterranean mt.) element of the Flora. Conservation status: This species is known from only two locations, so it is considered Endangered criterion B1 a). It could also be categorized as Critically Endangered criterion B2) for its known area of occupancy which is not more than one square kilometre and population size estimated to fewer than 100 mature individuals criterion C). We conclude that Ferula coskunii must be classified as Critically Endangered CR) based on its area of occupancy, although it is known from two locations IUCN, 2001). Ecology: Flowering in July and August, fruiting in September. This new species grows in calcareous rocky places at m with Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., Quercus infectoria Olivier ssp. boissieri Reut.) O.Schwarz, Q. coccifera L., Calicotome villosa Poir.) Link, Jasminum fruticans L., Laurus nobilis L., Styrax officinalis L., Fraxinus ornus L., Pistacia terebinthus L. ssp. palaestina Boiss.) Engl., Ferulago antiochia Saya & Miski endemic), Phlomis longifolia Boiss. & Balansa var. longifolia, Sideritis huber-morathii Greuter & Burdet endemic), Stachys pumila Banks & Sole endemic). Etymology: This new species is named in honour of Prof. Dr Maksut Coșkun, pharmacologist at Ankara University, Pharmacy Faculty, who specializes in the chemistry of Umbelliferae.

4 360 H. DUMAN and M. SAGIROGLU Table 1. Comparison of the diagnostic characters of Ferula coskunii H. Duman & M. Sagıroglu sp. nov. and F. drudeana Korovin Characters F. coskunii F. drudeana Rootstock 1 4 cm diam. 3 8 cm diam. Length of fibrous collar 5 10 cm 2 5 cm Stem cm diam. at base 3 5 cm diam. at base Basal leaves in outline) cm cm Petioles of basal leaves cm, glabrous 8 20 cm, pubescent Lamina of basal leaves sparsely crispate-pubescent densely crispate-pubescent Sheath membraneous, weakly inflated, glabrous papery, inflated, puberulent Inflorescence lax branched paniculate paniculate-corymbose Rays of central umbels 4-) ); 1 2-3) cm 10-)16 22; -3) 4 7 cm Lateral umbels Umbellules flowered flowered Fruiting pedicels 3 5-7) mm 5-) 7 11 mm Mericarps mm, dark green when ripe mm, brown when ripe Dorsal ridges of mericarps weakly filiform conspicuously filiform Dorsal vittae 1 per vallecula 2 3 per vallecula Commissural vittae 2-4) 6 10 DISCUSSION This new species is very distinct, with no obvious allies in Turkey, Europe and Iran, due to its weakly inflated membraneous sheaths, its smaller fruit and fewer dorsal and commisural vittae. After thorough studies using the Flora of Turkey Peșmen, 1972), Flora Iranica Chamberlain & Rechinger, 1987a, b) and Flora Europaea Cannon, 1968), the closest species to our new species appears to be F. drudeana Korovin. It clearly differs from F. drudeana in having longer and glabrous petioles on the basal leaves not short and pubescent); sheath weakly inflated, membraneous, glabrous not obviously inflated, papery and puberulent); rays of central umbel shorter, lateral umbels always 2 not 3 9); pedicels shorter and fruit smaller and dorsal and commissural vittae fewer. More detailed comparison of the new species with relevant species is given Table 1. While F. drudeana was previously known only from the type locality according to the Flora of Turkey, Pimenov et al. 1998) have now collected it from Arslanköy İçel province). Thus this species is known from two separate locations Peșmen, 1972; Pimenov et al., 1998). During fieldwork at the type locality in 2003, we collected some specimens of F. drudeana and compared them with the new species, confirming that our specimens are clearly different from F. drudeana. The Amanos mountain range is a floristically interesting area, in that it lies between the Mediterranean phytogeographical region and the Anatolian Diagonal. The area is very rich in endemic plants especially in the family Umbelliferae. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Gazi University Project no: FEF 05/ ) and TUBITAK Project no: TBAG-1853) for financial support. REFERENCES Brummitt RK, Powell CE Authors of plant names. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cannon JFM Ferula L. In: Tutin TG, Heywood VH, Burges NA, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA, eds. Flora Europaea, Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Chamberlain DF, Rechinger KH. 1987a. Ferula L. In: Rechinger KH, ed. Flora Iranica. Graz: Akademische Druck-u, Verlagsanstalt, Chamberlain DF, Rechinger KH. 1987b. Ferula L. In: Rechinger KH, ed. Flora Iranica. Graz: Akademische Druck-u, Verlagsanstalt, IUCN IUCN red list categories, Version 3.1. Gland and Cambridge: IUCN Species Survival Commission. Korovin EP Generis Ferula Tourn.) L. Monographia Illustrata. Taschkent Graz: Academiae Scientiarum UzRSS, 91pp. Korovin EP Ferula L. In: Schısckın BK, ed. Flora of the USSR, Vol. XVII. Umbelliflorae). Moscow, Leningrad: Akademii Nauk SSSR, Meikle RD Ferula L. In: Meikle RD, ed. Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 1. Kew: Bentham-Moxon Trust and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Mouterde SJ. 1986a. Ferula L. In: El-Machreq D, ed. Nouvelle Flore Du Liban et de la Syrıe, Tome, II Texte. Beyrouth,

5 A NEW SPECIES OF FERULA FROM TURKEY 361 Mouterde SJ. 1986b. Ferula L. In: El-Machreq D, ed. Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrıe, Tome, Second, Atlas. Beyrouth, Peșmen H Materials for a Flora of Turkey XXIV: Ferula and Ferulago. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, vol. 31.N.1. July Peșmen H Ferula L. In: Davis PH, ed. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 4. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, Pimenov MG, Alexeeva TV, Kljuykov EV In: Kamari G, Felber F, Garbari F, eds. Mediterranean chromosome number reports-8. Flora Mediterranea 8: Tackholm V Student s Flora of Egypt. Beirut: Cairo University, 392. Zohary M. 1987a. Ferula L. In: Zohary M, ed. Flora Palaestina. text). Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Zohary M. 1987b. Ferula L. In: Zohary M, ed. Flora Palaestina. plate). Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities