Grains/Breads. Section. Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs

Transcription

1 Section 3 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Grains/Breads 3. Grains/Breads Grains/Breads Component for the Child Nutrition Programs Definitions Examples of Foods That Qualify as Grains/Breads I. Criteria for Determining Acceptable Grains/Breads II. Steps in Determining Grains/Breads Creditability Flow Chart for Determining Grains/Breads Creditability III. Criteria for Determining Serving Sizes Worksheet for Calculating Grains/Breads Contribution EXHIBIT A Factors Affecting Yields Explanation of the Columns Yield Data Table for Grains/Breads

2 Section 3 Food Buying Guide for Child Nu tri tion Pro grams Grains/Breads Grains/Breads Component for the Child Nutrition Programs All reimbursable meals offered under the food-based menu planning approach in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), and Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) must include grains/ breads food product(s). A reimbursable school breakfast in the School Breakfast Program (SBP) and a reimbursable supplement in the CACFP or an Afterschool Snack may contain a grains/breads component. FNS meal pattern regulations establish the minimum serving size(s) of grains/ breads required for breakfasts, lunches, suppers, and supplements (snacks). Meal pattern charts for each of the Child Nutrition Programs are on pages I-7 through I-27. Definitions Bran is the seed husk or outer coating of cereal grains such as wheat, rye, and oats. The bran can be me chan i cal ly removed from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting. Breakfast cereal is any cereal served ready to eat (cold dry) or cooked as a menu item for breakfast and other meals, as appropriate. Creditable grains represent all of the grains and grain components that count towards a creditable grains/breads component; they are enriched or wholegrain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ. Enriched means that the product conforms to the Food and Drug Ad min is - tra tion s standard of identity for levels of iron, thiamin, riboflavin, ni a cin, and folic acid. The terms enriched, for ti fied, or similar terms indicate the addition of one or more vitamins or minerals or protein to a food, unless an applicable Federal regulation requires the use of specific words or statements. Flour is the product derived by finely grinding and bolting (sifting) wheat or other grains. Flour may be made from all grains (wheat, rye, corn, etc.). Grains/Breads servings designates the contribution a given serving size makes toward the grains/breads component. The term grains/breads serving appears in Column 4 of the yield table (except for Group H foods). Germ is the vitamin-rich embryo of the grain kernel. The germ can be separated before milling for use as a cereal or food supplement. Primary grain ingredient is the first listed grain ingredient in the in gre di ent statement. Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-1

3 Whole-grain flour or meal is the product derived by grinding the entire grain. If a flour or meal does not contain the bran and the germ, it is not whole grain. Examples of Foods That Qual i fy as Grains/Breads Foods that qualify as grains/breads in the Child Nu tri tion Programs are enriched or whole-grain, or are made from enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour. Bran and germ are credited the same as en riched or whole-grain meal or flour. Such foods include, but are not limited to: Breads that are enriched or whole-grain or made from enriched or wholegrain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ. Biscuits, bagels, rolls, tortillas, muffins, or crackers made with enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ. Cereal grains (cooked) such as rice, bulgur, oatmeal, corn grits, wheat, or couscous that are enriched, whole-grain, or fortified. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals that are enriched, whole-grain, or fortified. Cereals or bread products that are used as an ingredient in another menu item such as crispy rice treats, oatmeal cookies, or breading on fish or poultry when the cereal or bread ingredients are enriched or whole-grain, or when the cereal is for ti fied. Macaroni or noodle products (cooked) made with enriched or whole-grain flour. Program reg u la tions for the NSLP and the SFSP allow enriched mac a ro ni products that have been fortified with protein to be counted to meet either a grains/breads or meat/meat alternate requirement, but not as both com po - nents in the same meal. Sweet food products such as toaster pastries, coffee cake, doughnuts, sweet rolls, cookies, cakes, or formulated grain-fruit products (authorized under Appendix A of 7 CFR Part 220) when made with whole grain, enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ and served, as permitted under Exhibit A. When sweet food products are permitted, no more than one sweet grains/ breads serving per day may be a dessert, and sweet snack food products should not be served as part of a supplement (snack) more than twice a week. Pie crust when made with enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour and served, as allowed under Exhibit A. Non-sweet snack food products such as hard pretzels, hard bread sticks, and tortilla chips made from enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour. 3-2 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

4 I. Criteria for Determining Acceptable Grains/Breads Under the Food-Based Menu Planning Approaches II. Determining Grains/Breads Creditability Use the following criteria as a basis for crediting items to meet the grains/breads re quire ment under the food-based menu planning approaches. A. All grains/breads items must be enriched or whole-grain, made from enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour. If using a cereal it must be whole-grain, enriched, or fortified. Bran and germ are credited the same as enriched or whole-grain meal or flour. B. The label must indicate that 1) the food product is enriched or wholegrain, made from enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ, or 2) the cereal is whole-grain, enriched, or fortified. If the food prod uct is enriched, it must meet the Food and Drug Administration s standards of identity (21 CFR Part 136, Part 137, Part 139) for enriched bread, mac a ro ni and noodle products, rice, or cornmeal. C. The food product must be provided in quantities specified in the ap pro - pri ate program regulations. One-quarter (1/4) of a serving is the smallest amount al low able to be credited toward the minimum quantities of grains/ breads specified in program regulations. To review a grains/breads food product to determine if it is cred it able, Child Nu tri tion Programs need to verify that the food product is enriched or whole-grain, or that it is made from enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ, or if it is a cereal, that it is whole-grain, enriched, or for ti fied. The steps listed here will help determine if a food product is creditable towards the grains/breads component of a reimbursable meal. If at any point during the steps a yes answer is obtained, pro ceed to Section III, Criteria for Determining Serving Sizes. If you answer no to all of the steps from A to H2, the food prod uct is not creditable towards the grains/ breads component of a reimbursable meal. The following steps are summarized in the flow chart on page 3-7. A. Is the food product labeled as whole-grain? If a food product is made from whole grain, the product name on the label will usually include the word whole or entire. Some examples include: whole wheat bread, entire wheat bread, whole wheat rolls, entire wheat rolls, whole wheat buns, entire wheat buns, and whole wheat mac a ro ni products. or Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-3

5 B. Is the food product labeled as enriched? If a food product is enriched, the product name on the label will include the word enriched. Some examples include: enriched bread, enriched rolls, enriched buns, en riched rice, enriched macaroni products, enriched egg noodle products, en riched grits, and enriched cereal. C. Is the food product a fortified cereal? (Fortification only applies to cereals, so if the food product is not a cereal, continue on to step D). or If a cereal is fortified, the word fortified will be included on the product label. D. In the ingredient statement, is the primary grain ingredient labeled enriched? or Ingredients with standards of enrichment will include the word enriched in the ingredient name. The usual method of declaration for enriched grain in gre di ents is to list the established or usual name of the ingredient along with the word enriched followed by a parenthetical listing of the grain and the en rich ment ingredients. Some examples include: enriched wheat flour (wheat flour, niacin, iron, thi a mine mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid) ; enriched cornmeal ( ) ; enriched self-rising flour ( ) ; and enriched farina ( ). or E. In the ingredient statement, is the primary grain ingredient designated as a whole grain? A whole grain ingredient will usually include the word whole, entire, cracked, crushed, or groats. Some examples include: whole wheat flour, entire wheat flour, cracked wheat, crushed wheat, buckwheat groats, graham flour (which is another name for whole wheat flour), brown rice (which indicates that the rice retains the bran layer), old-fashioned oatmeal (also called rolled oats ), quick-cooking oats, whole corn, and whole cornmeal. or 3-4 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001 Updated December 2007

6 F. In the ingredient statement, does the primary grain ingredient appear to be whole grain but it is not des ig nat ed as whole grain? When the ingredient statement does not clearly indicate that the prima ry grain ingredient is whole grain, the Child Nutrition Program op er a tor must obtain doc u men ta tion from the man u fac tur er stating that the grain is whole grain prior to using the food product toward meeting meal pat tern re quire ments. Some examples include: amaranth, corn, millet, and quinoa. G. In the ingredient statement, is the primary grain ingredient bran and/or germ? or Bran and germ are two components of grains. While not whole grains, they are nutritious portions of the grain and are, therefore, credited the same as whole-grain or enriched ingredients. Bran or germ will be listed along with the name of the grain. Some examples include: oat bran and wheat germ. or H1. Although the primary grain ingredient is not creditable, does the in gre - di ent statement list other grains that are creditable? If a food product contains grain(s) that are creditable, but a non-cred it - able grain ingredient is the primary grain ingredient, then documentation will be needed to determine the grams of creditable grain(s) per serv ing of that food prod uct in order to be used to wards meet ing meal re quire - ments. H2. If the primary grain ingredient is not creditable, but the ingredient statement does include creditable grain(s), the Child Nutrition program operator must obtain documentation from the manufacturer. The doc u - men ta tion must state 1) the gram weight or percentage of all creditable grains in one defined portion, and 2) that the grain(s) counted towards the percentage given are either enriched and/or whole-grain and/or bran, and/or germ. If a grain is not creditable, it should not be included in the weight or percent given in the documentation. Some examples of non-creditable grain ingredients include: bromated flour, corn grits, degerminated cornmeal, degerminated (grain), durum flour, farina, flour, plain flour, self-rising flour, sem o li na flour, white flour, and wheat flour. Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-5

7 If you have answered no to all the above steps, the food product is not cred it able to wards the grains/breads com po nent of a reimbursable meal. These items may be served as an other foods item and used to help round out the meal as well as contribute calories and nutrients. Instructions for Using the Grains/Breads Flow Chart Child Nutrition Programs need to verify that the food product is enriched or whole-grain, or that it is made from enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ, or if it is a cereal, that it is whole-grain, enriched, or fortified. By using the following flow chart along with steps A-H2 above, you can evaluate a grains/breads food product to determine if it is creditable towards the grains/ breads component of a reimbursable meal. Once you have determined if a food product is creditable, it is important to read through Section III, Criteria for Determining Serving Sizes. This section will explain when to use Exhibit A of FCS Instruction 783.1, Rev 2 1 (see pages 3-15 & 3-16), or calculate grams of creditable grains (see pages 3-9 through 3-13) to de ter mine the por tion size required to provide one grains/breads serving. 1 At the time this instruction was written, the Agency name was Food and Consumer Service (FCS). 3-6 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

8 Flow Chart for Determining Grains/Breads Creditability A. Is the food product labeled as whole grain? Yes Yes No B. Is the food product labeled as enriched? No Yes C. Is the food product a fortified cereal? No Yes D. In the ingredient statement, is the primary grain ingredient labeled enriched? No Yes E. In the ingredient statement, is the primary grain ingredient designated as a whole grain? No Yes F. Do you have documentation from the manufacturer stating that the primary grain ingredient is a whole grain? Yes No G. In the ingredient statement, is the primary grain ingredient bran and/or germ? No Yes H2. Do you have documentation from the manufacturer stating the gram weight of the creditable grain(s) in one serving of the product and, if needed, stating that the grain is whole grain? Yes H1. Although the primary grain ingredient is not creditable, does the ingredient statement list other grains that are creditable? No No This food product is creditable as a grains/breads component. Continue on to Section III. Criteria for Determining Serving Sizes. This food product is not creditable as a grains/breads component and may not be used to meet meal pattern requirements. Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-7

9 III. Criteria for Determining Serving Sizes There are two different ways to determine the portion size required to provide one grains/breads serv ing: by using Ex hib it A of FCS Instruction 783.1, Rev 2, or by calculating the grams of creditable grains. A. Determining Serving Sizes Based on Exhibit A: One grains/breads serv ing for commonly available food products can be determined using Exhibit A (see pages 3-15 & 3-16) of the FCS Grains/Breads In struc tion 783.1, Rev. 2. The wide variety of pre pared grains/ breads food products listed in Ex hib it A are grouped based on their av er age grain content. Food types having similar con cen tra tions of creditable grains are grouped together. Each group in Exhibit A provides the min i mum serving size needed to supply one full grains/ breads serving. Use Ex hib it A for prod ucts that are whole-grain, enriched, or fortified (if a cereal), or for prod ucts that have a creditable grain as the primary grain ingredient. The weight needed for the different groups of grains/breads food products to provide one grains/breads serving is different since dif fer ent types of grains/breads food products have different con cen tra tions of enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ. 1. Exhibit A, Groups A-G: For the types of food products listed in Groups A-G, one grains/breads serving provides not less than grams of enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ. The serving sizes (weights) given in Exhibit A, Groups A-G, may be used for grains/breads food products that are either commercially purchased or prepared on-site. Food products that are labeled whole-grain or enriched, and food products that have a creditable grain as the primary grain ingredient should provide the minimum of grams of creditable grains per serving (without obtaining man u fac tur ers doc u men ta tion) as long as the minimum serving sizes (weights) given in Exhibit A are met. If the product is not whole-grain or enriched, or does not have a creditable grain for the primary grain in gre di ent, you must obtain manufacturer s doc u men t- a tion showing the amount of creditable grain(s) in one portion of the product. Once documentation is obtained, calculate the serv ing size based on the grams of creditable grains as shown in step B. 3-8 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

10 Exhibit A, Groups A-G provides the weight needed for 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of a grains/breads serving in addition to the weight needed for one grains/breads serving. 2. Exhibit A, Groups H & I: For the types of food products listed in Groups H and I of Exhibit A to count as one grains/breads serving, the weights and vol umes listed therein must be met. When items in Groups H and I are served as cooked or cold break fast cereals (such as cooked oatmeal, cooked millet, cooked rice served with milk and sugar, or cold cereal) or cooked pasta, the weights and vol umes listed in Exhibit A, groups H or I must be used as noted. For example, the serving size required for one grains/breads serving of cooked oatmeal made from dry oats is or 25 grams dry oats. There is an exception to the equivalency of one grains/breads serving for Group H as stated in Exhibit A. For the School Breakfast Program only, the tra di tion al or enhanced meal patterns, grades K-12, and the en hanced meal pattern option for grades 7-12, by reg u la tion, one grains/breads serv ing of cooked and ready-to-eat (cold dry) breakfast cereal is 3/4 cup or 1 ounce. This means 3/4 cup or 1 ounce (which ev er is less) for cold dry cereal, or cereal, count as one grains/breads serving. This serving size is different from the equiv a len cy of one grains/breads serving of given in Exhibit A, Group H. Some of the food products in Group H, such as dry oatmeal or corn meal, may be used as a grain ingredient in a recipe as well as a cooked cereal. When the cereal grain items listed in Group H are used as an ingredient in a recipe such as oatmeal bread or cornmeal muffins (in contrast to being used as a cooked breakfast cereal) do not use the amounts listed in Group H. In this case, one grains/breads serving should be determined using the weights given in Groups A-G of Exhibit A corresponding to the ap pro pri ate food group, or calculated using grams of the creditable grains in one portion of the recipe. For example, the credit for oatmeal bread made using dry oats may be determined by two ways: 1) using the serving weight in Group B of Ex hib it A which contains bread since the food type is now bread, or 2) using the information in B below to determine the serving size needed to provide grams of creditable grains. Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-9

11 B. Determining Serving Sizes Based on Creditable Grains Content: There are several situations where the creditable grains content would be used to calculate the serving size instead of using the serving weights given in Exhibit A. Some of these situations are: 1) a product is not whole-grain, enriched, or for ti fied (if a cereal) and the primary grain ingredient is not a creditable grain but there are creditable grains in the product; 2) a man u fac tur er claims that a product can provide the min i mum of grams of creditable grains per portion using a serving size less than the weights given in Exhibit A; 3) a product is made on site and you choose to calculate the serving size based on grams of cred it able grains instead of using Ex hib it A; or 4) a food product does not fit into one of the groups of Exhibit A. In the above cases, the menu planner will need to document or obtain doc u men ta tion show ing the weight of creditable grain(s) content of the grains/breads item. This will be easy for grains/breads items pre pared on site, since the exact weight of the creditable grain(s) in gre di ent can be doc u ment ed based on the recipe. For purchased prod ucts, the manu fac tur er will need to be contacted to obtain the required doc u men t- a tion show ing the weight of creditable grain(s) per portion con tained in a spe cific food product. Be aware that some manufacturers will not provide this in for ma tion if they consider it proprietary in for ma tion. If you have a situation where doc u men ta tion is required, but the man u - fac tur er cannot supply the doc u men ta tion, you cannot use that product as a credited grains/breads component of a re im burs able meal. When the exact or minimum amount of creditable grains can be doc u ment ed, the grains/breads serving for any grains/breads product found in Groups A through G may be calculated using grams of cred it able grains as one grains/breads serving. For man u fac tur er s doc u men ta tion which pro vides the gram weight of creditable grain(s) per por tion, you will want to start your calculation at step 2 below or at step 6 of the worksheet (see page 3-13). 2 Creditable grains are enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran and/or germ Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

12 Steps to determine how many creditable grains/breads servings a recipe yields: 1) Divide the total grams of creditable grains 2 in the recipe by the num ber of portions the recipe yields: (Note: 1 lb = grams). One portion is the amount of the food product you plan to serve; it is not necessarily equivalent to one grains/breads serving. total grams of enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ in the recipe number of portions the recipe yields This calculation gives you the total grams of creditable grains con tained in one portion of your recipe. 2) Divide the total grams of creditable grains in one portion by grams: (note: grams of creditable grains = one full grains/breads serving) Total grams of creditable grains in ONE portion grams = the number of grains/breads servings per portion This calculation gives you the number of creditable grains/breads servings per portion of the recipe. The smallest creditable serving of the grains/breads component is 1/4 serving. 3) Round down to the nearest 1/4 grains/breads serving. To count as one full grains/breads serving, a food product must contain no less than grams (0.52 ounces) of enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ. Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-11

13 Worksheet for Calculating Grains/Breads Contribution from a Recipe for the Types of Food Products in Groups A-G, Using Grams of Creditable Grains Instructions: 1. On the worksheet, list each enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ ingredient in the recipe. 2. Fill in the quantity (cups, pounds, kilograms, ounces, grams, etc.) of each enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ in gre di ent in the recipe. 3. Convert the amount of each enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ ingredient in the recipe to grams. If you do not know the weight per cup of the grain you are using, here are some commonly used con ver sions: Number of pounds of ingredient X grams Number of ounces of ingredient X grams Number of cups of enriched white flour X 125 grams Number of cups of regular rolled oats X 81 grams Number of cups of quick-cooking oats X 81 grams Number of cups of regular cornmeal X 122 grams Number of cups of degermed, enriched cornmeal X 138 grams Number of cups of stone ground cornmeal X 132 grams Number of cups of wheat bran X 58 grams Number of cups of wheat germ X 115 grams Number of cups of whole wheat flour X 120 grams 4. Add the grams for each grain ingredient to determine the total grams of enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ in the recipe. 5. Divide the total grams of creditable grains in the recipe by the number of portions in the recipe to determine the number of grams of creditable grains per portion of food product. 6. Divide the number of grams of cred it able grains per portion by grams (reference amount of enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ in one grains/breads serving). 7. Round down to the nearest 1/4 grains/breads serving Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

14 Worksheet: 1. Creditable Grain Ingredient 2. Quantity 3. Convert to Grams Grams X = X = X = X = 4. Total Grams = 5. Total grams divided by number of portions in recipe: Total grams creditable grains = from step 4 Number of portions per recipe = = number of grams creditable grains per portion 6. Divide number of grams per portion (answer from step 5) by 14.75: = grains/breads serving(s) 7. Round down to the nearest 1/4 grains/breads serving. = creditable grains/breads servings Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-13

15 Grains/ Breads Chart Introduction The following Chart titled Exhibit A - Grains/Breads for the Food-Based Menu Planning Alternatives in the Child Nutrition Programs provides a general guideline for crediting prepared grains/breads items. The chart is taken from the FCS Grains/Breads Instruction 783-1, Revision 2. Once you have determined that a food product qualifies as a grains/breads component (see pages 3-3 through 3-7), find the Group on the chart containing the name of the food product. Read the minimum serving size for that group on the right-hand side of the chart Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

16 FCS Instruction Rev 2: Exhibit A GRAINS/BREADS FOR THE FOOD-BASED MENU PLANNING ALTERNATIVES IN THE CHILD NU TRI TION PROGRAMS 1, 2 Group A Bread type coating Bread sticks (hard) Chow mein noodles Crackers (saltines and snack crackers) Croutons Pretzels (hard) Stuffi ng (dry) Note: weights apply to bread in stuffi ng. Group B Bagels Batter type coating Biscuits Breads (white, wheat, whole wheat, French, Italian) Buns (hamburger and hot dog) Crackers (graham crackers - all shapes, animal crackers) Egg roll skins English muffi ns Pita bread (white, wheat, whole wheat) Pizza crust Pretzels (soft) Rolls (white, wheat, whole wheat, potato) Tortillas (wheat or corn) Tortilla chips (wheat or corn) Taco shells Group C Cookies 3 (plain) Cornbread Corn muffi ns Croissants Pancakes Pie crust (dessert pies 3, fruit turnovers 4, and meat/meat alternate pies) Waffl es Minimum Serving Size for Group A 1 serving = 20 gm or 0.7 oz 3/4 serving = 15 gm or 0.5 oz 1/2 serving = 10 gm or 0.4 oz 1/4 serving = 5 gm or 0.2 oz Minimum Serving Size for Group B 1 serving = 25 gm or 0.9 oz 3/4 serving = 19 gm or 0.7 oz 1/2 serving = 13 gm or 0.5 oz 1/4 serving = 6 gm or 0.2 oz Minimum Serving Size for Group C 1 serving = 31 gm or 1.1 oz 3/4 serving = 23 gm or 0.8 oz 1/2 serving = 16 gm or 0.6 oz 1/4 serving = 8 gm or 0.3 oz 1 The following foods are whole-grain or enriched or made with enriched or whole-grain meal and/or flour, bran, and/or germ. 2 Some of the following foods, or their accompaniments may contain more sugar, salt, and/or fat than others. This should be a consideration when deciding how often to serve them. 3 Allowed only for desserts under the enhanced food-based menu planning alternative specified in 7CFR Part and supplements (snacks) served under the NSLP, SFSP, and CACFP. 4 Allowed for desserts under the enhanced food-based menu planning alternative specified in 7CFR Part and supplements (snacks) served under the NSLP, SFSP, and CACFP, and for break fasts served under the SBP, SFSP, and CACFP. Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-15

17 Group D Doughnuts 4 (cake and yeast raised, unfrosted) Granola bars 4 (plain) Muffi ns (all, except corn) Sweet rolls 4 (unfrosted) Toaster pastries 4 (unfrosted) Group E Cookies 3 (with nuts, raisins, choc o late pieces and/or fruit purees) Doughnuts 4 (cake and yeast raised, frosted or glazed) French toast Grain fruit bars 4 Granola bars 4 (with nuts, raisins, chocolate pieces and/or fruit) Sweet rolls 4 (frosted) Toaster pastries 4 (frosted) Group F Cake 3 (plain, unfrosted) Coffee cake 4 Group G Brownies 3 (plain) Cake 3 (all varieties, frosted) Group H Barley Breakfast cereals (cooked) 5, 6 Bulgur or cracked wheat Macaroni (all shapes) Noodles (all varieties) Pasta (all shapes) Ravioli (noodle only) Rice (enriched white or brown) Group I 1 serving = 3/4 cup or 1 oz, whichever is less Minimum Serving Size for Group D 1 serving = 50 gm or 1.8 oz 3/4 serving = 38 gm or 1.3 oz 1/2 serving = 25 gm or 0.9 oz 1/4 serving = 13 gm or 0.5 oz Minimum Serving Size for Group E 1 serving = 63 gm or 2.2 oz 3/4 serving = 47 gm or 1.7 oz 1/2 serving = 31 gm or 1.1 oz 1/4 serving = 16 gm or 0.6 oz Minimum Serving Size for Group F 1 serving = 75 gm or 2.7 oz 3/4 serving = 56 gm or 2 oz 1/2 serving = 38 gm or 1.3 oz 1/4 serving = 19 gm or 0.7 oz Minimum Serving Size for Group G 1 serving = 115 gm or 4 oz 3/4 serving = 86 gm or 3 oz 1/2 serving = 58 gm or 2 oz 1/4 serving = 29 gm or 1 oz Minimum Serving Size for Group H 1 serving = (or 25 gm dry) Minimum Serving Size for Group I Ready to eat breakfast cereal (cold dry) 5, 6 3 Allowed only for desserts under the enhanced food-based menu planning alternative specified in 7CFR Part and supplements (snacks) served under the NSLP, SFSP, and CACFP. 4 Allowed for desserts under the enhanced food-based menu planning alternative specified in 7CFR Part and supplements (snacks) served under the NSLP, SFSP, and CACFP, and for breakfasts served under the SBP, SFSP, and CACFP. 5 Refer to program regulations for the ap pro pri ate serving size for supplements served to children aged 1 through 5 in the NSLP; break fasts served under the SBP; and meals served to children ages 1 through 5 and adult participants in the CACFP. Breakfast cereals are traditionally served as a breakfast menu item but may be served in meals other than breakfast. 6 Cereals may be whole-grain, enriched, or fortified Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

18 Factors Affecting Yield The data for grains/breads in the following table include yield information on common types and customary portion sizes of products that you can buy on the market. All grains/breads items commercially baked or school baked must meet the criteria noted on page 3-3. The approximate weight of a serving of grains/breads is given in the table. If the weight of a serving differs from the approximate weight given, you may need to make adjustments in the amount you buy (see pages I-3 & I-4 for information on de ter min ing in-house yield data). Explanation of the Columns Column 1 Food As Purchased, AP: In general, foods are ar ranged in al pha - bet i cal order. The Group letter is listed for each product. For ad di - tion al information on these groups, see Exhibit A (pages 3-15 & 3-16). Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Purchase Unit: The purchase unit for grains/breads is generally by the pound or, for cold dry cereals, a package. You can use data for one pur chase unit to determine how much of the item you need for the number of people you serve. Servings per Purchase Unit, EP: This column shows the number of servings of a given size obtained from each purchase unit. Numbers in this col umn are often rounded down in order to help ensure enough food for the number of servings. Serving Size per Meal Contribution: The size of a serving is ex pressed in volume and/or weight. The number of grains/breads servings is given in pa ren the ses for sliced bread and crackers. Note that the minimum requirements for cereals and cereal grains are different for each program. School Breakfast Program (Traditional and Enhanced) Ages 1-2: 1/4 cup or 1/3 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, Preschool: 1/3 cup or 1/2 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or 1/3 cup cooked cereal grain, Grades K-12: 3/4 cup or 1 ounce (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, National School Lunch Program (Traditional and Enhanced) All levels: cereal grain Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-17

19 Afterschool Snacks Ages 1-2: 1/4 cup or 1/3 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, Ages 3-5: Ages 6-12: 1/3 cup or 1/2 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, 3/4 cup or 1 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, Child and Adult Care Food Program Breakfast Ages 1-2: 1/4 cup or 1/3 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, Ages 3-5: Ages 6-12: Adults: 1/3 cup or 1/2 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, 3/4 cup or 1 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, 1-1/2 cup or 2 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or 1 cup cooked cereal grain, Lunch and Supper Ages 1-2 and 3-5: cereal grain, Ages 6-12: Adult: Snacks Ages 1-2: Ages 3-5: cereal grain, 1 cup cooked cereal grain, 1/4 cup or 1/3 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, 1/3 cup or 1/2 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, Ages 6-12 and Adults: 3/4 cup or 1 oz (whichever is less) cold dry cereal or cereal grain, 3-18 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

20 Summer Food Service Program Breakfast and Snacks 3/4 cup or 1 oz (which ev er is less) cold dry cereal, or cereal grain Lunch or Supper cereal grain. Note: cereals vary greatly in number of servings per pound or package. Check the cereal box for the number and/or size of servings. Column 5 Purchase Units for 100 Servings: This column shows the number of purchase units needed for 100 serv ings. Numbers in this column are generally rounded up in order to help ensure enough food for the number of serv ings. Column 6 Additional Yield Information: This column gives other in for - ma tion to help you calculate the amount of food you need to prepare meals. For example, the number of cups you will get from one pound of food as purchased is shown for many grains/breads items. Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-19

21 Food Buying Guide for Child Nu tri tion Programs Section 3 Grains/Breads Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings BARLEY Barley (Group H) lb dry = about 2-1/3 cups dry barley BREAD 3 Bread (Group B) Sliced 3 Fresh All types - white, rye, whole wheat, raisin, quick bread, etc /2 grains/breads serving (1/2 slice; must weigh at least 13 g or 0.5 oz) 1 grains/breads serving (1 slice; must weigh at least 25 g or 0.9 oz) BREAD STICKS Bread Sticks (Group A) Hard /2 grains/breads serving (about 2 sticks; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) /4 inches long, 3/4-inch diameter grains/breads serving (about 3 sticks; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) 4.5 BULGUR Bulgur (Group H) lb dry = about 3 cups dry bulgur The number of slices per purchase unit does not include the end slices 3-20 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

22 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings CEREAL GRAINS Amaranth (Group H) lb dry = about 2-1/3 cups dry or 2.70 lb (about 4-5/8 cups) cooked amaranth when prepared with 2 parts water to 1 part dry amaranth Buckwheat (Group H) lb dry = about 2-1/3 cups dry or 3.06 lb (about 5-2/3 cups) cooked buckwheat when prepared with 2 parts water to 1 part dry buck wheat Cornmeal (Group H) lb dry = about 3 cups dry cornmeal Cornmeal (Group H) Stone ground lb dry = about 3-3/8 cups dry, stone-ground cornmeal Corn Grits (Group H) Instant lb dry = about 5-3/4 cups dry, instant corn grits Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-21

23 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings CEREAL GRAINS (continued) Corn Grits (Group H) Quick lb dry = about 2-3/4 cups dry, quick grits Corn Grits (Group H) Regular lb dry = about 2-3/4 cups dry, regular grits Farina (Group H) Instant lb dry = about 2-3/8 cups dry, instant farina Farina (Group H) Regular lb dry = about 2-1/2 cups dry, regular farina Farina (Group H) Quick lb dry = about 2-1/2 cups dry, quick farina Kasha (Group H) lb dry = about 2-3/8 cups dry or 2.92 lb (about 5-1/4 cups) cooked kasha when prepared with 2 parts water to 1 part dry kasha Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

24 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings CEREAL GRAINS (continued) Millet (Group H) lb dry = about 2-1/8 cups dry or 2.30 lb (about 5-5/8 cups) cooked millet when prepared with 1-1/2 parts water to 1 part dry millet Oats (Group H) Rolled Instant Enriched lb dry = about 5-2/3 cups dry, instant, rolled oats Oats (Group H) Rolled Quick lb dry = about 6-1/4 cups dry, quick, rolled oats Oats (Group H) Rolled Regular Includes USDA Commodity lb dry = about 6 cups dry, regular, rolled oats Quinoa (Group H) lb dry = about 2-1/2 cups dry or 2.51 lb (6-1/2 cups) cooked quinoa when prepared with 2 parts water to 1 part dry quinoa Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-23

25 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings CEREAL GRAINS (continued) Wheat Berries (Group H) lb dry = about 2-1/4 cups dry or 2.77 lb (about 6 cups) cooked wheat berries when prepared with 3 parts water to 1 part dry wheat berries Wheat Cereal (Group H) Instant lb dry = about 4 cups dry, instant, wheat cereal Wheat Cereal (Group H) Regular lb dry = about 3-1/3 cups dry, regular, wheat cereal Wheat, Rolled (Group H) Includes USDA Commodity lb dry = about 2-3/8 cups dry or 4.83 lb (about 9-1/2 cups) cooked rolled wheat when prepared with 3-1/2 parts water to 1 part dry rolled wheat CEREALS, READY-TO-EAT Cereals, Ready-to-eat Wheat, Corn, Rice, Oats, Granola (Group I) Single Serve Package grains/breads serving (3/4 cup or 1.0 oz, whichever is less) Package contents vary with the cereal fl akes, biscuits, shreds, granules, etc. Cereals, Ready-to-eat Wheat Germ (Group I) Toasted grains/breads serving (about 1/4 cup dry; must weigh at least g or 1.0 oz dry) lb dry = about 3-1/4 cups dry wheat germ 3-24 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

26 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings CHOW MEIN NOO DLES Chow Mein Noodles (Group A) /2 grains/breads serving (about 1/4 cup; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) grains/breads serving (about 1/2 cup; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) 5.8 CORN CHIPS Corn Chips (Group B) /2 grains/breads serving (about 1/3 cup; must weigh at least 13 g or 0.5 oz)) grains/breads serving (about 2/3 cup; must weigh at least 25 g or 0.9 oz) 6.7 COUSCOUS Couscous (Group H) lb dry = about 2-3/8 cups dry couscous add 3-1/4 cups water to 1 lb dry couscous lb dry = 2.55 lb (about 7-1/4 cups) cooked couscous CROUTONS Croutons (Group A) Prepackaged /2 grains/breads serving (about 1/4 cup dry; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) lb dry = about 11-1/8 cups dry croutons grains/breads serving (about 1/2 cup dry; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) 4.5 Updated December 2007 Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-25

27 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings GRAHAM CRACK ERS Graham Crackers (Group B) /2 grains/breads serving (about 2 crackers; must weigh at least 13 g or 0.5 oz) lb AP = about 64 crackers grains/breads serving (about 4 crackers; must weigh at least 25 g or 0.9 oz) 4.7 MELBA TOAST Melba Toast (Group A) /2 grains/breads serving (about 3 pieces; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) grains/breads serving (about 5 pieces; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) 4.5 PASTA Pasta (Group H) Bowties Large size lb dry = about 7-1/2 cups dry bowtie pasta 1 lb dry = 2.66 lb (about 6-1/4 cups) cooked pasta boiled 17 minutes Pasta (Group H) Elbow Macaroni Regular lb dry = about 3-1/2 cups dry elbow macaroni Pasta (Group H) Noodles Egg Medium lb dry = about 11-7/8 cups dry egg noodles Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

28 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings PASTA (continued) Pasta (Group H) Noodles Lasagna lb dry = about 21 pieces dry lasagna noodles 1 lb dry = 2.66 lb (about 7 cups) cooked pasta boiled 15 minutes Pasta (Group H) Noodles Lasagna sheets Frozen lb frozen = about 3-3/4 frozen lasagna sheets 1 lb AP = 1.47 lb (about 2-1/2 sheets) cooked pasta boiled 4 minutes Pasta (Group H) Noodles Ramen lb dry = about 5-1/2 cups dry ramen noodles 1 lb dry = 3.07 lb (about 6-1/3 cups) cooked pasta boiled 3 minutes Pasta (Group H) Orzo lb dry = about 2-3/8 cups dry orzo pasta 1 lb dry = 3.07 lb (about 6-3/8 cups) cooked orzo pasta boiled 9 minutes Pasta (Group H) Penne lb dry = about 5-1/8 cups dry penne pasta 1 lb dry = 2.60 lb (about 7-3/4 cups) cooked pasta boiled 14 minutes Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-27

29 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings PASTA (continued) Pasta (Group H) Shells Large size (for stuffi ng) (about 2 shells) (about 4 shells) lb dry = about 10-7/8 cups dry large shell pasta 1 lb dry = 2.27 lb (about 6-1/3 cups) cooked pasta shells boiled 14 minutes Pasta (Group H) Shells Medium lb dry = about 6 cups dry medium shell pasta 1 lb dry = 2.53 lb (about 6-2/3 cups) cooked pasta = about 17 shells boiled 12 minutes Pasta (Group H) Spaghetti Regular al dente al dente lb dry = about 3-1/4 cups dry spaghetti pieces 1 lb dry = 2.37 lb (about 5-1/4 cups) al dente cooked pasta (boiled 8 minutes) 7.06 al dente 14.2 Pasta (Group H) Spiral (Rotini) lb dry = about 5-3/8 cups dry spiral pasta Pasta (Group H) Wagon Wheels Medium size lb dry = about 5 cups dry wagon wheel pasta 1 lb dry = 2.79 lb (about 7-3/4 cups) cooked pasta boiled 12 minutes Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

30 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings RICE 4 Rice (Group H) 4 Brown Instant lb dry = about 4-3/8 cups dry rice 1 lb dry = about 8 cups cooked cup dry = about 3-1/4 cups cooked Rice (Group H) 4 Brown Long grain Regular lb dry = about 2-1/2 cups dry rice 1 lb dry = about 4-3/8 cups cooked cup dry = about 1-3/4 cups cooked Rice (Group H) 4 White Long grain Parboiled (Converted) lb dry = about 2-1/2 cups dry rice 1 lb dry = about 7 cups cooked 1 cup dry = about 2-3/4 cups cooked Rice (Group H) 4 White Long grain Instant prepared with boiling water 1/2 cup prepared with boiling water lb dry = about 4-1/2 cups dry rice 1 lb dry = about 7 cups cooked /4 cup prepared with boiling water cup dry = about 1-1/2 cups cooked Rice (Group H) 4 White Long grain Regular lb dry = about 2-1/3 cups dry rice 1 lb dry = about 7-1/2 cups cooked cup dry = about 3-1/4 cups cooked 4 The yield for rice differs depending on how it is cooked. The yields provided in this guide represent the lower range of the average yield for each type of rice. If you consistently get a different yield for your cooking method, you may want to see pages I-3 & I-4 of the introduction on how to establish in-house yield data in cooperation with your State agency. Updated December 2007 Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-29

31 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings RICE 4 (continued) Rice (Group H) 4 White Medium grain Regular lb dry = about 2-1/4 cups dry rice 1 lb dry = about 6-3/4 cups cooked cup dry = about 3 cups cooked Rice (Group H) 4 White Short grain Regular lb dry = about 2-1/4 cups dry rice 1 lb dry = about 6-3/4 cups cooked cup dry = about 3 cups cooked RICE CAKES 5 Rice Cakes 5 (Group A) Puffed Includes seeds or other grains Package (average 5.25 oz) Package (average 5.25 oz) /2 grains/breads serving (about 1-1/2 cakes, puffed; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) 1 grains/breads serving (about 3 cakes, puffed; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) lb AP = about 48 rice cakes RYE WAFERS Rye Wafers (Group A) /2 grains/breads serving (about 2 wafers; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) grains/breads serving (about 4 wafers; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) The yield for rice differs depending on how it is cooked. The yields provided in this guide represent the lower range of the average yield for each type of rice. If you consistently get a different yield for your cooking method, you may want to see pages I-3 & I-4 of the introduction on how to establish in-house yield data in cooperation with your State agency. 5 Does not include popcorn cakes or popcorn in combination with other grains since popcorn is not creditable towards meal pattern requirements Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001

32 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings SALTINES Saltines (Group A) /2 grains/breads serving (about 4 crackers; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) grains/breads serving (about 8 crackers; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) 4.9 SODA CRACK ERS Soda Crackers (Group A) /2 grains/breads serving (about 2 crack ers; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) grains/breads serving (about 4 crackers; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) 4.5 TACO/TOSTADA SHELLS Taco/Tostada Shells (Group B) Dozen /2 grains/breads serving (about 1 taco/tostada shell; must weigh at least 13 g or 0.5 oz) 8.4 Dozen grains/breads serving (about 2 taco/tostada shells; must weigh at least 25 g or 0.9 oz) 16.7 WILD RICE Wild Rice (Group H) lb dry = about 2-2/3 cups dry wild rice /2 cups water to 1 cup dry wild rice lb dry = 2.55 lb (about 8-2/3 cups) cooked wild rice Section 3 Grains/Breads 3-31

33 Section 3 Grains/Breads Food As Purchase Servings Serving Size per Purchase Additional 1 Purchased, AP 2 Unit 3 per 4 Meal Contribution 5 Units 6 Information Purchase for 100 Unit, EP Servings WILD RICE (continued) Wild Rice and Enriched White Rice Mix (Group H) lb dry = about 2-3/8 cups dry mixed rice 2-1/4 cups water to 1 cup dry rice mix lb dry = 3.21 lb (about 7-1/8 cups) cooked rice mix ZWEIBACK Zweiback (Group A) /2 grains/breads serving (about 2 pieces; must weigh at least 10 g or 0.4 oz) grains/breads serving 4.7 (about 3 pieces; must weigh at least 20 g or 0.7 oz) 3-32 Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs Revised November 2001