Climate trees

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2 Fit for climate change and biodiversity from the Lorenz von Ehren nursery Climate change is already a reality. From worldwide observations conclusion can be drawn that long lasting droughts, torrential rain, heavy thunderstorms, heatwaves, gales and hail stones as well as pressure from pests and diseases are already on the increase. On a more local scale, in Germany up to 30% less rainfall is expected during the growing season. The avenue trees listed here are all largely 'climate-tolerant' city tree species and known to be more able to adapt to climate change. This list supersedes previous city tree recommendations and the information is based on research compiled from the GALK street tree list ( the KlimaArtenMatrix for city tree species ( the Stadtgrün 2021 research project ( as well as our own 150 years of tree nursery experience. Acer campestre Field Maple Central Europe 8-10 m 4-6 m inconspicuous, May oval crown, upright form Elegant ; Elsrijk ; Fastigiata mildew-resistant species KlimaArtenMatrix drought stress tolerance Avenue trees from the Lorenz von Ehren tree nursery are fit for the future. We invite you to view the 'climate trees' presented here at our nursery please make an appointment. We will also gladly give you information on the current availability of the species and types listed here. Hardiness Grading in the KlimaArtenMatrix for city tree species (KLAM-Stadt) with 16 ratings according to drought tolerance and hardiness; the allocation of 250 trees was undertaken on the basis of existing resilient publications of Roloff et al. and summarised in the special publication "Gehölze im Klimawandel (Trees in climate change) at the Bund deutscher Baumschulen (German Association of Tree Nurseries) in Grading by traffic light colours: very well suited well suited suited but partially problematic very limited suitability unsuited Acer cappadocicum Caucasian Maple Middle East m m yellow-green panicles, May round crown Rubrum dryness-resistant, autum colours Acer rubrum Red Maple Eastern North America m 4-7 m conspicuous, red cluster, March-April wide globular, egg-shaped, almost round crowned Red Sunset ; October Glory 1132 LORENZ VON EHREN LORENZ VON EHREN 1133

3 Alnus spaethii Purple Alder KlimaArtenMatrix 2.1 Cultivation (A. japonica x A. subcordata) m 6-8 m red-yellow catkins, (Feb.) March conical crown very robust, tolerates warmth; good autumnal colours Betula jacquemontii Himalayan Birch Nepal, Northern India, western China m 6-10 m yellow catkins in April appear before leaves broadly conical later dome shaped KlimaArtenMatrix 4.3 proved itself in the nursery in dry summers, quite frost-hardy Amelanchier arborea Juneberry, Snowy Mespilus, Serviceberry KlimaArtenMatrix 2.1 North America 6-8 m 3-5 m white clusters, May wide egg-shaped to round Robin Hill stronger growth than A. lamarckii, very tolerant of dryness Carpinus betulus Hornbeam Central Europe 5-15 m 4-8 m inconspicuous, May fastigiate types become dense pyramids, branches diagonally upright KlimaArtenMatrix 2.1 Fastigiata ; Frans Fontaine capacity to regenerate Amelanchier lamarckii Snowy Mespilus, Downy Serviceberry, Juneberry North America, naturalised 5-8 m 3-5 m white clusters, end of April initially upright later vase shaped, round crowned tolerant of dryness, very frost-hardy, autumnal colours yellow to orange-red Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnut, Spanish Chestnut Central Europe m m striking, cream-white catkins, June-July broad crown very tolerant of heat, sensitive to frost in heavy soil 1134 LORENZ VON EHREN LORENZ VON EHREN 1135

4 Celtis australis Nettle Tree, European Hackberry Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia m m inconspicuous, May round crown, irregular umbrella-shaped when older KlimaArtenMatrix 1.3 is heat and drought tolerant, is considered an alternative for sycamore Corylus colurna Turkish Hazel South Eastern Europe m 6-8 m yellow catkins, March-April conical to round crown water for the first years after planting, once established very tolerant of drought Cercis siliquastrum Judas Tree Southern Europe 4-6 m 4-6 m striking purple-pink, April funnel-shaped, later spread out in umbrella shape KlimaArtenMatrix 1.4 Robin Hill heat and drought-tolerant, prefers areas sheltered from early sun Crataegus crus-galli Cockspur Thorn North America 8-12 m 3-10 m white, May wide compact crown KlimaArtenMatrix 3.1 the No. 1 Crataegus, heat tolerant and frost-hardy Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry Central Europe 3-6 m 3-6 m yellow umbels, (Feb.) March-April wide and rounded, horizontal branches very healthy, heat-tolerant, extremely frost-hardy Fraxinus ornus Ash Southern Europe, Western Asia 6-8 m 4-6 m cream-white panicles, May broadly domed, later funnel-shaped KlimaArtenMatrix 1.4 extremely tolerant of heat and drought; relatively frost-hardy 1136 LORENZ VON EHREN LORENZ VON EHREN 1137

5 Ginkgo biloba Maidenhair Tree China m m inconspicuous, May conical to almost round crown tolerant of drought, robust Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum KlimaArtenMatrix 2.3 South Eastern North America m 4-8 m inconspicuous, May narrowly pyramidal, later oval crown 'Worplesdon' fantastic autumnal colours Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Eastern North America m 7-10 m green-white panicles, June-July globular, later oval inermis; 'Skyline'; 'Sunburst' drought tolerant Magnolia kobus Kobus-Magnolia, Magnolia Tree KlimaArtenMatrix 3.2 Japan 8-10 m 4-6 m striking white floral stars, April conical robust and healthy avenue tree, trunk protection recommended Koelreuteria paniculata Golden-rain Tree KlimaArtenMatrix 1.3 Eastern Asia 6-8 m 4-6 m striking yellow panicles, August wide crown, later umbrella-shaped tolerant of heat, for sheltered areas Malus Hybrids Crab Apple Europe, American cultivation 5-8 m 4-5 m striking white, rose or red, May oval crown, overhanging branches 'Evereste'; 'Red Sentinel' new and very healthy species available 1138 LORENZ VON EHREN LORENZ VON EHREN 1139

6 Mespilus germanica Medlar Central and Southern Europe, Western Asia 3-5 m 3-5 m white, individually, end May-June irregular spreading crown small tree, tolerant of heat Ostrya carpinifolia Hop Hornbeam Southern Europe, Western Asia m 8-12 m green-yellow catkins, end March-May conical to ovoid, later round crown very heat-tolerant Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood China m 6-8 m inconspicuous, May conical crown KlimaArtenMatrix 3.1 very healthy, prefers moist soils Parrotia persica Persian Ironwood Northern Persia 5-7 m 5-10 m orange-red, February-March (April) oval to semicircular compact crown very healthy, dry to moist locations Nyssa sylvatica Tupelo, Black Gum Eastern North America m 8-12 m inconspicuous, pale green, May conical crown, flattened when old unique autumnal colours Pinus mugo Mugo Pine, Mountain Pine Europe 4-8 m 2-4 m striking, yellow, May wide conical crown KlimaArtenMatrix 2.1 tolerates cutting well, small evergreen tree 1140 LORENZ VON EHREN LORENZ VON EHREN 1141

7 Pinus sylvestris Scots Pine Europe m 5-10 m light yellow, May starts conical, later umbrella-shaped crown very adaptable and tolerant of heat Quercus petraea Sessile Oak Central Europe m m inconspicuous, May domed to round crown heat-tolerant and long-lived Quercus cerris Turkey Oak Southern Europe, Asia Minor m 8-15 m inconspicuous, April-May rounded to upwardly arched crown frost-hardy, drought-tolerant Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia, Locust Tree Eastern North America m 7-12 m striking white clusters, end of May oval to round crown tolerant of heat; not too heavy soils Quercus palustris Pin Oak Eastern North America m m inconspicuous, May conical to asymmetrical likes warmth and is frost-hardy Sophora japonica Pagoda or Scholar s Tree China, Korea m m cream-white panicles, August round crown, later more umbrella-shaped 'Regent' counts as top ten tree for drought tolerance 1142 LORENZ VON EHREN LORENZ VON EHREN 1143

8 Sorbus aria Whitebeam Europe 6-12 m 4-8 m white umbels, May wide and loose, conical to round crowned 'Magnifica' extremely heat-tolerant Tilia tomentosa Silver Lime South Eastern Europe m m white-yellow umbels, end of July conical to ovoid later round crown 'Brabant' very robust and minimal aphid attacks Taxodium distichum Swamp Cypress South Eastern North America m 4-6 m inconspicuous, April conical to cylindrical very healthy and robust, prefers moist locations Ulmus hollandica Dutch Elm KlimaArtenMatrix 4.1 Europe, various selections m 6-8 m light green bunch, March-April narrow to compact conical 'Columella'; 'Lobel' robust and resistant, cultivars are considered as fungal resistant Tilia platyphyllos Broad-leafed Lime KlimaArtenMatrix 3.1 Central Europe, various selections m m yellow umbels, June-July narrowly pyramid-shaped, later ovoid 'Örebro Zelkova serrata Keaki, Japanese Zelkova Japan m 8-12 m inconspicuous, April wide upright, later round to umbrella-shaped crown 'Green Vase' important street tree in Japan 1144 LORENZ VON EHREN LORENZ VON EHREN 1145