Plant Species Found in the 2000/02 Forest Inventory Plots in Prince Edward Island by Glen F. Kelly Introduction

Transcription

1 June 2005 Resource Inventory and Modeling Section No. 26 Plant Species Found in the 2000/02 Forest Inventory Plots in Prince Edward Island by Glen F. Kelly Introduction The forests of Prince Edward Island contain a wealth of unique and special plants. This report documents the diversity of forest plant species found during the Forest Inventory. The Forest Inventory ground plots were based on a permanent location methodology that builds on the National Forest Inventory grid system. Prince Edward Island has 804 plots with forest cover spaced out on a four kilometer grid and each plot is located and permanently marked using Global Positioning System (G.P.S.) technology. Each location has a number of subplots for large trees, small trees and shrubs, and ground vegetation tied to the grid location. The Large Tree Plot (LTP) for trees larger than 9 cm at breast height (BH) had a radius of 11.28m and an area of 0.04 ha.. The Small Tree Plot (STP) for trees and shrubs of less than 9 cm in diameter at BH had a radius of 3.99 m and an area of ha. Four mini plots or tree regeneration and herbaceous plots were located on two perpendicular lines 7.0 m. from the center location and each had a radius of 0.56m and an area of ha. Data Collection Procedures Herbaceous materials less than 1.3m in height were tallied by species and percent cover in the mini plots. Regenerating tree seedlings m in height found within the mini plots were tallied. The LTP was also checked for other herbaceous species not found in the mini plots. Small trees and shrubs equal to and greater than 1.3 m. in height and less than 9 cm. in diameter breast height (DBH) were tallied by species in the STP. Trees in the LTP were tallied by species. (Note: Other assessments were done in the plots but were not relevant to this report.) 1

2 Conservation Status The native plants catalogued in this report were ranked for their rarity using the Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACDC) rating system. A species rarity, or Conservation Status S, rank is intended to reflect the level of concern for the continued existence of a species within the Province. Non-native plant species are marked as Eurasian while mosses and liverworts species were not rated and are marked as Unranked. A number of plants were only identified to the Genus or Family and these have not been ranked due to the absence of complete flowers or leaves needed to identify the species. The following table gives the number of species in each category. Rank Category Number of Species S1 Extremely rare 16 S2 Rare 19 S3 Uncommon 19 S4 Usually widespread 36 S5 Demonstrably widespread 180 Eurasian Non-native plant 51 Unranked Mosses and liverworts species have not been rated 25 Genus Identified to the Genus level 31 Hybrid A hybrid species considered to be a self-perpetuating 1 The following lists are based on occurrence of the species in the ground plot but not on the frequency within the plot. For example, Abies balsamea (balsam fir) was found in 586 of the 804 plots but in these plots it could have been a large tree, a small tree and/or a regenerating seedling. Conifer Tree Species List (12) 2 Genus Species Common Name of 804 Plots by Percent Abies balsamea Balsam fir % Larix kaempferi Japanese Larch 1 0.1% Larix laricina Eastern Larch % Picea glauca White Spruce % Picea mariana Black Spruce % Picea rubens Red Spruce % Pinus nigra Austrian Pine 1 0.1% Pinus resinosa Red Pine % Pinus strobus White Pine % Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine 1 0.1%

3 Thuja occidentalis Eastern Cedar % Tsuga canadensis Hemlock 7 0.9% Coniferous trees which are know to grow in Island forest conditions but not encountered during the inventory, include Jack Pine and Norway Spruce. Broad-Leaves Tree Species List (18) Genus Species Common Name of 804 Plots by Percent Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple % Acer rubrum Red Maple % Acer saccharum Sugar Maple % Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Alder % Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch % Betula papyrifera White Birch % Betula populifolia Grey Birch % Fagus grandifolia Beech % Fraxinus nigra Black Ash 2 0.2% Fraxinus americana White Ash % Ostrya virginiana Ironwood 1 0.1% Populus grandidentata Largetooth Aspen 7 0.9% Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen % Prunus pensylvanica Pin Cherry % Quercus rubra Red Oak 8 1.0% Sorbus americana Mountain Ash % Sorbus decora Showy Mountain Ash % Ulmus americana Elm 4 0.5% Broad-leaved trees not encountered during the inventory but known to be in the province include Balsam Poplar. Shrubs (55) Genus Species Common Name of 804 Plots by Percent Acer spicatum Mountain Maple % Amelanchier spp. Serviceberry % Betula pumila Swamp Birch 1 0.1% Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern 1 0.1% Cornus alternifolia Alt.-leaved Dogwood % Cornus rugosa Alder-leaf Dogwood % Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood % Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazel % Crataegus sp. Hawthorn Species 1 0.1% Diervilla lonicera Northern Bushhoneysuckle % Epigaea repens Mayflower % Gaylussacia baccata Black Huckleberry % 3

4 Gaylussacia dumosa Dwarf Huckleberry 2 0.2% Ilex verticillata Winterberry Holly % Juniperus communis Ground Juniper 1 0.1% Kalmia angustifolia Sheep Laurel % Kalmia polifolia Pale Laurel 4 0.5% Ledum groenlandicum Labrador Tea % Lonicera canadensis Fly Honeysuckle % Lonicera villosa Mt. Fly Honeysuck 3 0.4% Malus pumila Wild Apple 6 0.7% Morella pensylvanica Bayberry % Myrica gale Sweetgale % Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain Holly % Photinia floribunda Chokeberry 3 0.4% Photinia floribunda Purple Chokeberry 2.2% Photinia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry % Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry % Ribes glandulosum Skunk Currant % Ribes hirtellum Gooseberry % Ribes lacustre Bristly Currant % Ribes nigrum Red Currant 7 0.9% Ribes triste American Red Currant 3 0.4% Rosa multiflora Rambler Rose 1 0.1% Rosa nitida Bristly Rose % Rosa spinosissima Scotch Rose 1 0.1% Rosa virginiana Rosa Virginiana % Rubus allegheniensis Black Raspberry % Rubus canadensis Raspberry Species % Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry % Rubus pubescens Dwarf Raspberry % Salix spp. Willows Species % Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis Common Elderberry % Sambucus racemosa Red Elderberry % Sorbus americana Mountain Ash % Spiraea alba var. latifolia Meadowsweet % Taxus canadensis Ground Hemlock % Toxicodendron radicans Poison Ivy 1 0.1% Toxicodendron rydbergii Northern Poison Oak 6 0.7% Vaccinium angustifolium Sweet Low Blue Berry % Vaccinium macrocarpon Large Cranberry % Vaccinium myrtilloides Velvetleaf Blue Berry % Vaccinium oxycoccos Small Cranberry 3 0.4% Vaccinium vitis-idaea Rock Cranberry 1 0.1% Viburnum cassinoides Wild Raisin % Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry 9 1.1% Most Common Forest Plants (25) Genus Species Common Name of 804 Plots by Percent Maianthemum canadense Wild Lily-of -the- Valley % 4

5 Trientalis borealis Starflower % Cornus canadensis Bunchberry % Aralia nudicaulis Sarsaparilla % Viola spp. Violet % Clintonia borealis Yellow Clintonia % Coptis trifolia Goldthread % Fragaria virginiana Strawberry % Oclemena acuminata Whorled Aster % Linnaea borealis Twinflower % Poa spp. Grass Species % Carex spp. Sedge Species % Aster spp. Aster % Trillium undulatum Painted Trillium % Impatiens capensis Spotted Touch-Me-Not % Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw % Cypripedium acaule Pink Lady's Slipper % Hieracium spp. Hawkweed Species % Chamerion angustifolium Fireweed % Luzula multiflora Woodrush % Solidago rugosa Rough-stem Goldenrod % Gaultheria procumbens Winterberry % Solidago spp. Goldenrod % Prenanthes trifoliolata Gall of the Earth % Mitella nuda Naked Mitrewort % Ferns (15) Genus Species Common Name of 804 Plots by Percent Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern % Dennstaedtia punctilobula Eastern Hay-scented Fern % Dryopteris cristata Crested Wood Fern % Dryopteris spinulosa Wood Fern % Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern % Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern 9 1.1% Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern % Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern % Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Royal Fern % Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern 1 0.1% Pteridium aquilinum Braken Fern % Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern % Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern % Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern % Phegopteris connectilis Long Beech Fern % Lycopodium (6) 5 Genus Species Common Name in 804 Plots by Percent Huperzia lucidula Shining Clubmoss % Lycopodium annotinum Bristly Clubmoss % Lycopodium complanatum Running Pine 6 0.7%

6 Lycopodium digitatum Ground Cedar % Lycopodium obscurum Ground Pine % Lycopodium tristachyum Ground Cedar 8 1.0% Horsetail (3) Genus Species Common Name in 804 Plots by Percent Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail % Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail 1 0.1% Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail % Mosses (11) Genus Species Common Name in 804 Plots by Percent Climacium dendroides Tree Moss % Dicranum condensatum Pillow Moss 1 0.1% Dicranum polysetum Wavy Dicranum % Dicranum scoparium Broom Moss % Hylocomium splendens Mountain Fern Moss % Hylocomium umbratum Skinny Mountain Fern Moss 2 0.2% Mnium spp. Mnium Moss % Polytrichum commune Common Haircap Moss % Polytrichum juniperinum Juniper Haircap Moss 5 0.6% Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Electric Cattail Moss % Sphagnum spp. Sphagnum Moss % Liverworts (2) Genus Species Common Name in 804 Plots by Percent Conocephalum conicum Conocephalum Liverwort % Marchantia polymorpha Marchantia Liverwort % Lichens (5) Genus Species Common Name in 804 Plots by Percent Cladina mitis Yellow-green Tipped Lichen 1 0.1% Cladonia cristatella British Soldier Lichen 4 0.5% Peltigera aphthosa var. Dog Lichen 2 0.2% leucophlebia Usnea spp. Old Man's Beard 1 0.1% Cladonia rangiferina Reindeer Moss % Plant List By Species (347 ) 6

7 7 Genus Species Common Name in 804 Plots by Percent Agrostis spp. Agrostis % Abies balsamea Balsam fir % Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple % Acer rubrum Red Maple % Acer saccharum Sugar Maple % Acer spicatum Mountain Maple % Achillea millefolium Yarrow % Achillea ptarmica Sneezeweed % Actaea pachypoda White Baneberry % Actaea rubra Red Baneberry % Agrimonia striata Roadside Agrimonia % Agrostis capillaris Fine Bent Grass % Agrostis gigantea Red Top Grass % Agrostis perennans Perennial Bentgrass % Agrostis scabra Hair Grass % Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Alder % Amelanchier spp. Serviceberry % Ammophila breviligulata Beachgrass % Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly-everlasting % Apocynum androsaemifolium Dogbane % Aralia hispida Bristly Sarsaparilla % Aralia nudicaulis Sarsaparilla % Aralia racemosa Spikenard % Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit % Aster spp. Aster % Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern % Atriplex littoralis Tropical Saltbush % Bazzania trilobata Bazzania % Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch % Betula populifolia Grey Birch % Betula pumila Swamp Birch % Betula papyrifera White Birch % Bidens frondosa Beggar's Tick % Viola cucullata Blue Violet % Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake Fern % Calamagrostis canadensis Blue Node % Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold % Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania Bitter-cress % Carex arctata Carex Arctata % Carex bromoides Carex Bromoides % Carex canescens Carex Canescens % Carex communis Carex Communis % Carex crinita Carex Crinita % Carex deflexa Carex Deflexa % Carex disperma Carex Disperma % Carex echinata Carex Echinata % Carex gracillima Carex Gracillima % Carex gynandra Carex Gynandra % Carex intumescens Carex Intumescens % Carex leptonervia Carex Leptonervia %

8 Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua Carex Paupercula % Carex spp. Sedge % Carex spp. Carex Sedge % Carex stipata Carex Stipata % Carex trisperma Three Seed Sedge % Carex vaginata Sheathed Sedge % Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare Chickweed % Chamaedaphne calyculata Leather-leaf % Chamaesyce glyptosperma Corrugate-seed % Broomspurge Chamerion angustifolium Fireweed % Chelone glabra Turtle Head % Chenopodium spp. Goosefoot Species % Chimaphila umbellata Prince's Pine % Chrysosplenium americanum Golden Saxifrage % Cicuta maculata Water Hemlock % Cinna latifolia Drooping Wood Reed % Circaea alpina Small Enchanter % Nightshade Cirsium arvense Canada Thistle % Cladina mitis Yellow-green Tipped % Lichen Cladina stellaris Caribou Moss % Cladonia cristatella British Soldier Lichen % Cladonia rangiferina Reindeer Moss % Cladonia spp. Cup Lichen % Clematis virginiana Virginia Virgin-bower % Climacium dendroides Tree Moss % Clintonia borealis Yellow Clintonia % Comarum palustre Potentilla % Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern % Conocephalum conicum Conocephalum Liverwort % Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed % Coptis trifolia Goldthread % Corallorhiza maculata Spotted Coralroot % Cornus alternifolia Alt.-leaved Dogwood % Cornus canadensis Bunchberry % Cornus rugosa Alder-leaf Dogwood % Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood % Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazel % Crataegus spp. Hawthorn Species % Cypripedium acaule Pink Lady's Slipper % Cypripedium parviflorum Yellow Lady's Slipper % Cypripedium spp. Lady's Slipper Species % Danthonia spicata Wild Oat Grass % Daucus carota Wild Carrot % Dennstaedtia punctilobula Eastern Hay-scented Fern % Dicranum condensatum Pillow Moss % Dicranum polysetum Wavy Dicranum % Dicranum scoparium Broom Moss % Dicranum spp. Pillow Moss % Diervilla lonicera Northern Bush % 8

9 honeysuckle Doellingeria umbellata Flat Top White Aster % Drosera rotundifolia Round Leaf Sundew % Dryopteris cristata Crested Wood Fern % Dryopteris intermedia Fancy Fern % Dryopteris spinulosa Wood Fern % Elymus repens Witch Grass % Empetrum nigrum Black Crowberry % Epifagus virginiana Beech-drops % Epigaea repens Mayflower % Epilobium ciliatum Willow-herb % Epilobium spp. Willow-herb Species % Epipactis helleborine Helleborine % Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail % Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail % Equisetum spp. Horsetail % Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail % Erigeron annuus Daisy Fleabane % Erigeron strigosus Daisy Fleabane % Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed % Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset % Eurybia radula Rough-leaved Aster % Euthamia graminifolia Narrow Leaf Golden Rod % Fagus grandifolia Beech % Festuca rubra Red Fescue % Fragaria virginiana Strawberry % Fraxinus nigra Black Ash % Fraxinus americana White Ash % Galeopsis tetrahit Hemp Nettle % Galium asprellum Roughed Bedstraw % Galium labradoricum Galium Labradoric % Galium mollugo Wild Madder % Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw % Galium spp. Bedstraw % Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw % Gaultheria hispidula Snowberry % Gaultheria procumbens Winterberry % Gaylussacia baccata Black Huckleberry % Gaylussacia dumosa Dwarf Huckleberry % Geum canadense White Avens % Geum macrophyllum Large Leaf Avens % Geum rivale Purple Avens % Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy % Glyceria canadensis Rattlesnake Grass % Glyceria striata Fowl Mana Grass % Goodyera tesselata Rattlesnake Plantain % Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern % Heracleum maximum Cow Parsnip % Hieracium aurantiacum Devil's Paintbrush % Hieracium canadense Canada Hawkweed % Hieracium pilosella Mouse-ear Hawkweed % Hieracium scabrum Rough Hawkweed % 9

10 Hieracium spp. Hawkweed Species % Hieracium x floribundum Yellow Devil's Paintbrush % Hierochloe odorata Sweet Grass % Huperzia lucidula Shining Clubmoss % Hylocomium splendens Mountain Fern Moss % Hylocomium umbratum Skinny Mountain Fern % Moss Hypericum perforatum St. Johnswort % Ilex verticillata Winterberry Holly % Impatiens capensis Spotted Touch-Me-Not % Impatiens parviflora Small-flower Touch-Me % Not Iris versicolor Blue-flag % Juncus effusus Soft Rush % Juncus spp. Juncus % Juncus tenuis Slender Rush % Juniperus communis Ground Juniper % Kalmia angustifolia Sheep Laurel % Kalmia polifolia Bog Laurel % Kidney Leaf Violet renifolia Viola % Lactuca biennis Blue Wild Lettuce % Lactuca canadensis Devil's Weed % Large White Violet blanda Viola % Larix kaempferi Japanese Larch % Larix laricina Eastern Larch % Ledum groenlandicum Labrador Tea % Lemna spp. Duckweed % Leontodon autumnalis Fall Dandelion % Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy % Lichen spp. Lichen Species % Linaria vulgaris Toadflax % Linnaea borealis Twinflower % Listera cordata Heartleaf Twayblade % Liverwort spp. Liverwort % Lonicera canadensis Fly Honeysuckle % Lonicera spp. Honeysuckle % Lonicera villosa Mountain Fly % Honeysuckle Lupinus polyphyllus Lupine % Luzula acuminata Woodrush % Luzula multiflora Woodrush % Luzula spp. Luzula Species % Lycopodium annotinum Bristly Clubmoss % Lycopodium clavatum Running Clubmoss % Lycopodium complanatum Running Pine % Lycopodium digitatum Ground Cedar % Lycopodium obscurum Ground Pine % Lycopodium tristachyum Ground Cedar % Lycopus americanus Water-horehound % Lycopus uniflorus Bugle Weed % Lysimachia terrestris Yellow Loosetrife % Maianthemum canadense Wild Lily-of-the-valley % 10

11 Maianthemum racemosum False Solomon's Seal % Maianthemum trifolium Three Leaf False % Solomon's Seal Malus pumila Wild Apple % Marchantia polymorpha Marchantia Liverwort % Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern % Medeola virginiana Indian Cucumber % Melampyrum lineare Cow-wheat % Mentha Arvensis Field-mint % Menyanthes trifoliata Buck Bean % Mitella nuda Naked Mitrewort % Mnium spp. Mnium Moss % Moehringia lateriflora Grove Sandwort % Moneses uniflora Single-flowered pipe % Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe % Morella pensylvanica Bayberry % Moss spp. Moss Species % Myrica gale Sweetgale % Northern White Violet pallens Viola % Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain Holly % Northern Blue Violet selkirkii Viola % Oclemena acuminata Whorled Aster % Oclemena nemoralis Bog Aster % Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose % Oenothera perennis Sundrops % Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern % Orchid spp. Orchid Species % Orobanche uniflora One-flowered Broomrape % Orthilia secunda One Sided Pyrola % Osmorhiza claytonii Hairy Sweet Cecily % Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern % Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern % Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Royal Fern % Ostrya virginiana Ironwood % Oxalis montana Wood Sorrel % Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorre % Packera aurea Golden Groundsel % Peltigera aphthosa var. Dog Lichen % leucophlebia Petasites frigidus Sweet Coltsfoot % Phegopteris connectilis Long Beech Fern % Phleum pratense Timothy % Photinia floribunda Purple Chokeberry % Photinia floribunda Chokeberry % Photinia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry % Phragmites australis Reed Canary Grass % Picea glauca White Spruce % Picea mariana Black Spruce % Picea rubens Red Spruce % Pinus nigra Austrian Pine % Pinus resinosa Red Pine % Pinus strobus White Pine % 11

12 Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine % Platanthera clavellata Green Woodland Orchid % Platanthera lacera Green-fringe Orchid % Platanthera orbiculata Round Leaf Orchid % Platanthera psycodes Purple Fringed Orchid % Platanthera spp. Habenaria Species % Pleurozium schreberi Schreber's Moss % Poa palustris Fowl Meadow Grass % Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass % Poa spp. Bluegrass % Poa trivialis Meadow Grass % Polygonum cilinode Fringed Bindweed % Polygonum lapathifolium Willow Weed % Polygonum scandens Climbing False % Buckwheat Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern % Polytrichum commune Common Haircap Moss % Polytrichum juniperinum Juniper Haircap Moss % Populus grandidentata Largetooth Aspen % Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen % Potentilla norvegica ssp. Norwegian Cinquefoil % monspeliensis Potentilla recta Rough Cinquefoil % Prenanthes altissima White Lettuce % Prenanthes trifoliolata Gall of the Earth % Prunella vulgaris Heal-all % Prunus pensylvanica Pin Cherry % Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry % Pteridium aquilinum Braken Fern % Ptilium crista-castrensis Plume Moss % Pyrola americana Round Leaf Pyrola % Pyrola asarifolia Pink Wintergreen % Pyrola elliptica Shinleaf % Pyrola spp. Pyrola Species % Quercus rubra Red Oak % Ranunculus abortivus Kidney Leaf Buttercup % Ranunculus acris Common Buttercup % Ranunculus hispidus var. Swamp Buttercup % caricetorum Ranunculus recurvatus Hooked Buttercup % Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup % Ranunculus spp. Ranunculus Species % Rhododendron canadense Rhodora % Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Electric Cattail Moss % Ribes glandulosum Skunk Currant % Ribes hirtellum Gooseberry % Ribes lacustre Bristly Currant % Ribes nigrum Red Currant % Ribes triste American Red Currant % Rosa carolina Wild Rose % Rosa multiflora Rambler Rose % Rosa nitida Bristly Rose % Rosa spinosissima Scotch Rose % Rosa spp. Rose Species % 12

13 Rosa virginiana Rosa Virginiana % Rubus allegheniensis Black Raspberry % Rubus canadensis Raspberry Species % Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry % Rubus pubescens Dwarf Raspberry % Rubus spp. Wild Raspberry % Rumex acetosella Sheep-sorrel % Rumex crispus Curly Dock % Rumex orbiculatus Water-dock % Salix spp. Willows % Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis Common Elderberry % Sambucus racemosa Red Elderberry % Sanicula marilandica Black Snakeroot % Sarracenia purpurea Pitcher Plant % Scirpus atrocinctus Black Wool-grass % Scirpus cyperinus Scirpus Cyperinus % Scirpus hattorianus Scirpus Atroviren % Scirpus microcarpus Scirpus Microcarp % Scirpus spp. Bulrush % Scutellaria galericulata Common Scullcap % Scutellaria lateriflora Mad Dog Skullcap % Senecio jacobaea Tansy Ragwort % Sinapis alba White Mustard % Sinapis arvensis Corn Mustard % Solanum dulcamara Climbing Nightshade % Solanum ptychanthum Black Nightshade % Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod % Solidago flexicaulis Zigzag Goldenrod % Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod % Solidago puberula Downy Goldenrod % Solidago rugosa Rough-stem Goldenrod % Solidago spp. Goldenrod % Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow Thistle % Sonchus asper Spiny-leaf Sowthistle % Sorbus americana Mountain Ash % Sorbus decora Showy Mountain Ash % Sparganium spp. Sparganium Species % Sphagnum spp. Sphagnum Moss % Spiraea alba var. latifolia Meadowsweet % Spiranthes cernua Nodding Ladies' -tresses % Stellaria graminea Lesser Stichwort % Streptopus amplexifolius Twisted Stalk % Streptopus lanceolatus Rose Twisted Stalk % Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Calico Aster % Symphyotrichum novi-belgii New York Aster % Symphyotrichum puniceum Purple-stem Aster % Taraxacum officinale Dandelion % Taxus canadensis Ground Hemlock % Thalictrum pubescens Tall Meadow-rue % Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern % Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern % Thuja occidentalis Eastern White Cedar % Toxicodendron radicans Poison Ivy % Toxicodendron rydbergii Northern Poison Oak % 13

14 Triadenum fraseri Marsh St.John's Wort % Trientalis borealis Starflower % Trifolium agrarium Hop Clover % Trifolium repens White Clover % Trillium cernuum Nodding Trillium % Trillium undulatum Painted Trillium % Tsuga canadensis Hemlock % Typha latifolia Broad Leafed Cattail % Ulmus americana Elm % Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle % Usnea spp. Old Man's Beard % Vaccinium angustifolium Sweet Low Blueberry % Vaccinium macrocarpon Large Cranberry % Vaccinium myrtilloides Velvetleaf Blue Berry % Vaccinium oxycoccos Small Cranberry % Vaccinium spp. Blueberry % Vaccinium vitis-idaea Rock Cranberry % Veronica officinalis Common Speedwell % Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme Leaf Speedwell % Viburnum cassinoides Wild Raisin % Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry % Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch % Viola blanda Large White Violet % Viola cucullata Blue Violet % Viola pallens Northern White Violet % Viola renifolia Kidney Leaf Violet % Viola selkirkii Northern Blue Violet % Viola spp. Violet % Species Ranked by Conservation Status 14 Genus Species Common Name In 804 Plots Rank Carex bromoides Carex Bromoides 14 S1 Carex vaginata Sheathed Sedge 1 S1 Erigeron annuus Daisy Fleabane 3 S1 Fraxinus nigra Black Ash 2 S1 Galium labradoricum Galium Labradoric 3 S1 Listera cordata Heartleaf Twayblade 1 S1 Orobanche uniflora One-flowered Broomrape 1 S1 Ostrya virginiana Ironwood 1 S1 Packera aurea Golden Groundsel 1 S1 Pyrola asarifolia Pink Wintergreen 1 S1 Ranunculus hispidus var. Swamp Buttercup 5 S1 caricetorum Ranunculus recurvatus Hooked Buttercup 3 S1 Solidago flexicaulis Zigzag Goldenrod 6 S1 Sorbus decora Showy Mountain Ash 78 S1 Spiranthes cernua Nodding Ladies' - tresses 1 S1 Viola selkirkii Northern Blue Violet 1 S1 Actaea pachypoda White Baneberry 5 S2 Betula pumila Swamp Birch 1 S2

15 Carex deflexa Carex Deflexa 11 S2 Clematis virginiana Virginia Virgin-bower 2 S2 Cornus rugosa Alder-leaf Dogwood 15 S2 Cypripedium parviflorum Yellow Lady's Slipper 2 S2 Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset 1 S2 Eurybia radula Rough-leaved Aster 2 S2 Glyceria canadensis Rattlesnake Grass 13 S2 Goodyera tesselata Rattlesnake Plantain 2 S2 Lycopodium complanatum Running Pine 6 S2 Oclemena nemoralis Bog Aster 1 S2 Osmorhiza claytonii Hairy Sweet Cecily 2 S2 Petasites frigidus Sweet Coltsfoot 1 S2 Platanthera orbiculata Round Leaf Orchid 3 S2 Platanthera clavellata Small Green Woodland 1 S2 Orchid Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern 1 S2 Sanicula marilandica Black Snakeroot 3 S2 Toxicodendron radicans Poison Ivy 1 S2 Agrostis perennans Perennial Bentgrass 2 S3 Aralia racemosa Spikenard 1 S3 Atriplex littoralis Tropical Saltbush 1 S3 Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake Fern 2 S3 Carex communis Carex Communis 2 S3 Carex disperma Carex Disperma 4 S3 Corallorhiza maculata Spotted Coralroot 2 S3 Gaylussacia dumosa Dwarf Huckleberry 2 S3 Geum canadense White Avens 1 S3 Lycopodium tristachyum Ground Cedar 8 S3 Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Royal Fern 10 S3 Oxalis montana Wood Sorrel 26 S3 Phragmites australis Reed Canary Grass 1 S3 Pinus resinosa Red Pine 11 S3 Ribes triste American Red Currant 3 S3 Rosa carolina Wild Rose 3 S3 Solidago gigantea Giant Goldenrod 1 S3 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Rock Cranberry 1 S3 Viola renifolia Kidney Leaf Violet 2 S3 Agrimonia striata Roadside Agrimonia 9 S4 Apocynum androsaemifolium Dogbane 1 S4 Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit 12 S4 Carex gracillima Carex Gracillima 9 S4 Carex magellanica ssp. Carex Paupercula 4 S4 irrigua Carex crinita Carex Crinita 5 S4 Chimaphila umbellata Prince's Pine 13 S4 Chrysosplenium americanum Golden Saxifrage 1 S4 Empetrum nigrum Black Crowberry 1 S4 Epifagus virginiana Beech-drops 2 S4 Fraxinus americana White Ash 34 S4 Hierochloe odorata Sweet Grass 1 S4 Huperzia lucidula Shining Clubmoss 20 S4 Juniperus communis Ground Juniper 1 S4 Kalmia polifolia Pale Laurel 4 S4 15

16 Lonicera villosa Mt. Fly Honeysuckle 3 S4 Lysimachia terrestris Yellow Loosestrife 2 S4 Maianthemum trifolium Three Leaf False 15 S4 Solomon s Seal Menyanthes trifoliata Buck Bean 1 S4 Oenothera perennis Sundrops 1 S4 Platanthera psycodes Purple Fringed Orchid 4 S4 Polygonum cilinode Fringed Bindweed 1 S4 Prenanthes altissima White Lettuce 20 S4 Quercus rubra Red Oak 8 S4 Ranunculus abortivus Kidney Leaf Butte 5 S4 Rosa nitida Bristly Rose 23 S4 Scirpus hattorianus Scirpus Atroviren 4 S4 Streptopus amplexifolius Twisted Stalk 8 S4 Thuja occidentalis Eastern Cedar 25 S4 Toxicodendron rydbergii Northern Poison Oak 6 S4 Trillium cernuum Nodding Trillium 17 S4 Tsuga canadensis Hemlock 7 S4 Ulmus americana Elm 4 S4 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle 4 S4 Vaccinium oxycoccos Small Cranberry 3 S4 Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry 9 S4 Abies balsamea Balsam fir 586 S5 Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple 74 S5 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 131 S5 Acer spicatum Mountain Maple 39 S5 Acer rubrum Red Maple 585 S5 Achillea millefolium Yarrow 3 S5 Actaea rubra Red Baneberry 18 S5 Agrostis scabra Hair Grass 1 S5 Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Alnus Rugosa 156 S5 Ammophila breviligulata Beachgrass 1 S5 Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly-everlasting 8 S5 Aralia nudicaulis Sarsaparilla 284 S5 Aralia hispida Bristly Sarsaparilla 11 S5 Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern 61 S5 Betula populifolia Grey Birch 159 S5 Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch 153 S5 Betula papyrifera White Birch 418 S5 Bidens frondosa Beggar's Tick 1 S5 Calamagrostis canadensis Blue Node 11 S5 Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold 15 S5 Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania Bitter-cress 1 S5 Carex leptonervia Carex Leptonervia 12 S5 Carex intumescens Carex Intumescens 25 S5 Carex trisperma Three Seeded Sedge 16 S5 Carex stipata Carex Stipata 10 S5 Carex gynandra Carex Gynandra 1 S5 Carex canescens Carex Canescens 5 S5 Carex arctata Carex Arctata 9 S5 Carex echinata Carex Echinata 3 S5 Chamaedaphne calyculata Leather-leaf 8 S5 16

17 Chamerion angustifolium Fireweed 56 S5 Chelone glabra Turtle Head 10 S5 Cicuta maculata Water Hemlock 1 S5 Cinna latifolia Drooping Wood Reed 1 S5 Circaea alpina Small Enchanter 29 S5 Nightshade Clintonia borealis Yellow Clintonia 176 S5 Comarum palustre Potentilla 4 S5 Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern 1 S5 Coptis trifolia Goldthread 171 S5 Cornus alternifolia Alt.-leaved Dogwood 26 S5 Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood 36 S5 Cornus canadensis Bunchberry 392 S5 Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazel 62 S5 Cypripedium acaule Pink Lady's Slipper 63 S5 Danthonia spicata Wild Oat Grass 14 S5 Dennstaedtia punctilobula Eastern Hay-scented 85 S5 Fern Diervilla lonicera Northern Bushhoneysuckle 20 S5 Doellingeria umbellata Flat Top White Aster 85 S5 Drosera rotundifolia Round Leaf Sundew 2 S5 Dryopteris cristata Crested Wood Fern 69 S5 Dryopteris intermedia Fancy Fern 3 S5 Epigaea repens Mayflower 27 S5 Epilobium ciliatum Willow-herb 4 S5 Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail 1 S5 Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail 69 S5 Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail 11 S5 Erigeron strigosus Daisy Fleabane 2 S5 Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed 29 S5 Euthamia graminifolia Narrow Leaf Goldenrod 42 S5 Fagus grandifolia Beech 86 S5 Festuca rubra Red Fescue 2 S5 Fragaria virginiana Strawberry 149 S5 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw 64 S5 Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw 44 S5 Galium asprellum Roughed Bedstraw 18 S5 Gaultheria hispidula Snowberry 27 S5 Gaultheria procumbens Winterberry 48 S5 Gaylussacia baccata Black Huckleberry 10 S5 Geum rivale Purple Avens 9 S5 Geum macrophyllum Large Leaf Avens 12 S5 Glyceria striata Fowl Mana Grass 9 S5 Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern 53 S5 Heracleum maximum Cow Parsnip 1 S5 Hieracium scabrum Rough Hawkweed 4 S5 Hieracium canadense Canada Hawkweed 10 S5 Ilex verticillata Winterberry Holly 29 S5 Impatiens capensis Spotted Touch-Me-Not 76 S5 Iris versicolor Blue-flag 12 S5 Juncus effusus Soft Rush 7 S5 17

18 Juncus tenuis Slender Rush 2 S5 Kalmia angustifolia Sheep Laurel 199 S5 Lactuca canadensis Devil's Weed 1 S5 Lactuca biennis Blue Wild Lettuce 4 S5 Larix laricina Eastern Larch 172 S5 Ledum groenlandicum Labrador Tea 58 S5 Linnaea borealis Twinflower 144 S5 Lonicera canadensis Fly Honeysuckle 52 S5 Luzula acuminata Woodrush 3 S5 Luzula multiflora Woodrush 50 S5 Lycopodium clavatum Running Clubmoss 30 S5 Lycopodium digitatum Ground Cedar 14 S5 Lycopodium annotinum Bristly Clubmoss 43 S5 Lycopodium obscurum Ground Pine 92 S5 Lycopus uniflorus Bugle Weed 12 S5 Lycopus americanus Water-horehound 31 S5 Maianthemum canadense Wild Lily-of-the-valley 490 S5 Maianthemum racemosum False Solomon s Seal 23 S5 Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern 9 S5 Medeola virginiana Indian Cucumber 24 S5 Melampyrum lineare Cow-wheat 26 S5 Mentha Arvensis Field-mint 2 S5 Mitella nuda Naked Mitrewort 47 S5 Moehringia lateriflora Grove Sandwort 12 S5 Moneses uniflora Single-flowered Pyrola 2 S5 Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe 21 S5 Morella pensylvanica Bayberry 29 S5 Myrica gale Sweetgale 11 S5 Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain Holly 59 S5 Oclemena acuminata Whorled Aster 147 S5 Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose 4 S5 Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern 111 S5 Orthilia secunda One Sided Pyrola 24 S5 Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern 124 S5 Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern 25 S5 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel 5 S5 Phegopteris connectilis Long Beech Fern 30 S5 Photinia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry 19 S5 Photinia floribunda Chokeberry 3 S5 Picea glauca White Spruce 469 S5 Picea mariana Black Spruce 289 S5 Picea rubens Red Spruce 56 S5 Pinus strobus White Pine 20 S5 Platanthera lacera Green-fringe Orchid 1 S5 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass 7 S5 Poa palustris Fowl Meadow Grass 6 S5 Polygonum scandens Climbing False 2 S5 Buckwheat Polygonum lapathifolium Willow Weed 5 S5 Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen 294 S5 Populus grandidentata Largetooth Aspen 7 S5 Potentilla norvegica ssp. Norwegian Cinquefoil 2 S5 18

19 monspeliensis Prenanthes trifoliolata Gall -of -the-earth 47 S5 Prunella vulgaris Heal-All 9 S5 Prunus pensylvanica Pin Cherry 212 S5 Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry 32 S5 Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern 223 S5 Pyrola americana Round Leaf Pyrola 15 S5 Pyrola elliptica Shinleaf 33 S5 Ranunculus spp. Ranunculus 19 S5 Rhododendron canadense Rhodora 46 S5 Ribes hirtellum Gooseberry 15 S5 Ribes lacustre Bristly Currant 30 S5 Ribes glandulosum Skunk Currant 16 S5 Rosa virginiana Rosa Virginiana 35 S5 Rubus allegheniensis Black Raspberry 14 S5 Rubus canadensis Raspberry Species 87 S5 Rubus pubescens Dwarf Raspberry 147 S5 Rumex orbiculatus Water-dock 1 S5 Sambucus racemosa Red Elderberry 41 S5 Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis Common Elderberry 13 S5 Sarracenia purpurea Pitcher Plant 1 S5 Scirpus microcarpus Scirpus Microcarpus 1 S5 Scirpus atrocinctus Black Wool-grass 1 S5 Scirpus cyperinus Scirpus Cyperinus 1 S5 Scutellaria galericulata Common Scullcap 4 S5 Scutellaria lateriflora Mad Dog Skullcap 4 S5 Solidago puberula Downy Goldenrod 4 S5 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod 43 S5 Solidago rugosa Rough-stem Goldenrod 50 S5 Sorbus americana Mountain Ash 69 S5 Spiraea alba var. latifolia Meadowsweet 59 S5 Streptopus lanceolatus Rose Twisted Stalk 32 S5 Symphyotrichum puniceum Purple-stem Aster 14 S5 Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Calico Aster 7 S5 Symphyotrichum novi-belgii New York Aster 8 S5 Taxus canadensis Ground Hemlock 110 S5 Thalictrum pubescens Tall Meadow-rue 24 S5 Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern 22 S5 Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern 32 S5 Triadenum fraseri Marsh St. John's Wort 1 S5 Trientalis borealis Starflower 430 S5 Trillium undulatum Painted Trillium 77 S5 Typha latifolia Broad Leafed Cattail 16 S5 Vaccinium myrtilloides Velvetleaf Blue Berry 49 S5 Vaccinium macrocarpon Large Cranberry 12 S5 Vaccinium angustifolium Sweet Low Blueberry 308 S5 Viburnum cassinoides Wild Raisin 256 S5 Viola cucullata Blue Violet 6 S5 Viola blanda Large White Violet 1 S5 Viola pallens Northern White Violet 6 S5 Achillea ptarmica Yarrow 21 Eurasian Agrostis gigantea Red Top Grass 18 Eurasian Agrostis capillaris Fine Bent Grass 1 Eurasian Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare Chickweed 2 Eurasian 19

20 Chamaesyce glyptosperma Corrugate-seed 1 Eurasian Broomspurge Cirsium arvense Canada Thistle 9 Eurasian Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed 2 Eurasian Daucus carota Wild Carrot 2 Eurasian Elymus repens Witch Grass 2 Eurasian Epipactis helleborine Helleborine 1 Eurasian Galeopsis tetrahit Hemp Nettle 4 Eurasian Galium mollugo Wild Madder 2 Eurasian Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy 1 Eurasian Hieracium x floribundum Yellow Devil 35 Eurasian Hieracium pilosella Mouse-ear Hawkweed 15 Eurasian Hieracium aurantiacum Devil Paintbrush 13 Eurasian Hypericum perforatum St. Johnswort 3 Eurasian Impatiens parviflora Small-flower Touch-Me- 1 Eurasian Not Larix kaempferi Japanese Larch 1 Eurasian Leontodon autumnalis Fall Dandelion 3 Eurasian Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy 13 Eurasian Linaria vulgaris Toadflax 3 Eurasian Lupinus polyphyllus Lupine 2 Eurasian Malus pumila Wild Apple 6 Eurasian Phleum pratense Timothy 15 Eurasian Pinus nigra Austrian Pine 1 Eurasian Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine 1 Eurasian Poa trivialis Meadow Grass 1 Eurasian Potentilla recta Rough Cinquefoil 1 Eurasian Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup 16 Eurasian Ranunculus acris Common Buttercup 34 Eurasian Ribes nigrum Red Currant 7 Eurasian Rosa multiflora Rambler Rose 1 Eurasian Rosa spinosissima Scotch Rose 1 Eurasian Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry 104 Eurasian Rumex acetosella Sheep-sorrel 37 Eurasian Rumex crispus Curly Dock 3 Eurasian Senecio jacobaea Tansy Ragwort 4 Eurasian Sinapis arvensis Corn Mustard 1 Eurasian Sinapis alba White Mustard 3 Eurasian Solanum dulcamara Climbing Nightshade 2 Eurasian Solanum ptychanthum Black Nightshade 1 Eurasian Sonchus asper Spiny-leaf Sowthistle 1 Eurasian Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow Thistle 1 Eurasian Stellaria graminea Lesser Stichwort 4 Eurasian Taraxacum officinale Dandelion 26 Eurasian Trifolium repens White Clover 1 Eurasian Trifolium agrarium Hop Clover 6 Eurasian Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme Leaf Speedwell 4 Eurasian Veronica officinalis Common Speedwell 33 Eurasian Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch 5 Eurasian Bazzania trilobata Bazzania 15 Unranked Cladina stellaris Caribou Moss 10 Unranked Cladina mitis Yellow-green Tipped 1 Unranked Lichen Cladonia sp. Cup Lichen 3 Unranked 20

21 Cladonia rangiferina Reindeer Moss 25 Unranked Cladonia cristatella British Soldier Lichen 4 Unranked Climacium dendroides Tree Moss 24 Unranked Conocephalum conicum Conocephalum Liverwort 4 Unranked Dicranum polysetum Wavy Dicranum 181 Unranked Dicranum scoparium Broom Moss 142 Unranked Dicranum condensatum Pillow Moss 1 Unranked Dryopteris spinulosa Spinulose Shield Fern 199 Unranked Hylocomium splendens Mountain Fern Moss 83 Unranked Hylocomium umbratum Skinny Mountain Fern 2 Unranked Moss Lichen spp. Lichen 4 Unranked Liverwort spp. Liverwort Species 7 Unranked Marchantia polymorpha Marchantia Liver 3 Unranked Mnium spp. Mnium Moss 67 Unranked Peltigera aphthosa var. Dog Lichen 2 Unranked leucophlebia Pleurozium schreberi Schreber's Moss 494 Unranked Polytrichum commune Common Haircap Moss 222 Unranked Polytrichum juniperinum Juniper Haircap Moss 5 Unranked Ptilium crista-castrensis Plume Moss 41 Unranked Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Electric Cattail Moss 115 Unranked Usnea spp. Old Man's Beard 1 Unranked Agrostis spp. Agrostis 1 Genus Amelanchier spp. Serviceberry 122 Genus Aster spp. Aster 99 Genus Carex spp. Carex Sedge 4 Genus Carex spp. Sedge 132 Genus Chenopodium spp. Goosefoot 1 Genus Crataegus spp. Hawthorn 1 Genus Cypripedium spp. Lady's Slipper 1 Genus Dicranum spp. Pillow Moss 5 Genus Epilobium spp. Willowherb 1 Genus Equisetum spp. Horsetail 25 Genus Galium spp. Bedstraw 1 Genus Hieracium spp. Hawkweed 57 Genus Juncus spp. Juncus 1 Genus Lemna spp. Duckweed 1 Genus Lonicera spp. Honeysuckle 1 Genus Luzula spp. Luzula 1 Genus Moss spp. Moss 34 Genus Orchid spp. Orchid 4 Genus Platanthera spp. Habenaria 6 Genus Poa spp. Bluegrass 138 Genus Pyrola spp. Pyrola 1 Genus Rosa spp. Wild Rose 1 Genus Rubus spp. Wild Raspberry 4 Genus Salix spp. Willows 71 Genus Scirpus spp. Bulrush 3 Genus Solidago spp. Goldenrod 48 Genus Sparganium spp. Sparganium 1 Genus Sphagnum spp. Sphagnum Moss 156 Genus Vaccinium spp. Blueberry 2 Genus Viola spp. Violet 199 Genus 21

22 Photinia floribunda Purple Chokeberry 2 Hybrid Conclusion These lists have been compiled to serve as a baseline for further studies on the forest vegetation of Prince Edward Island. Staff involved in the Project Plot establishment Jon Hutchinson supervisor 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Martin Rose crew chief 1999 pilot study, 2000, 2001 Peter Sharkey crew chief 1999 pilot study, 2000, 2001 Karen Schoenrank botanist 2000 Glen Kelly botanist 2000 Aaron MacKinnon technician 2000 Roger Bain technician 2000, 2001 Mary Myers botanist 2001 Theo Popma botanist 2001 Wade Lewis technician 2001 Anne Rattray data entry