Revised May, 2009 George Robinson, UAlbany

Transcription

1 NOTES: (E) = non-native to NYS (I) = invasive species know to threaten natural areas (P) = protected in NYS (NY Natural Heritage Program) Nomenclature follows R.S. Mitchell and G.C. Tucker Revised Checklist of New York State Plants. (NY State Museum) Huyck Preserve Statistical Summary: 689 vascular plant taxa (681 species), 514 native to NY State 331 genera, 255 native to NY State 99 families, 94 native to NY State 10 protected species New York State Statistical Summary: 4120 vascular plant taxa, 2435 native to NY 2,078 native species 84 native species extirpated as of 1997 Revised May, 2009 George Robinson, UAlbany 16 GENUS SPECIES COMMON NAME FAMILY Abies balsamea balsam fir Pinaceae Acalypha virginica three-seeded-mercury Euphorbiaceae Acer pensylvanicum striped maple Aceraceae Acer rubrum red maple Aceraceae Acer saccharum sugar maple Aceraceae Acer spicatum mountain maple Aceraceae Achillea millefolium(e) common yarrow Asteraceae Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae Actaea spicata baneberry Ranunculaceae Actaea spicata ssp. rubra red baneberry Ranunculaceae Adiantum pedatum maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Agrimonia gryposepala common agrimony Rosaceae Agrimonia striata agrimony Rosaceae Agrostis capillaris(e) colonial bent Poaceae Agrostis hiemalis southern hairgrass Poaceae Agrostis perennans autumn bent Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera creeping bent Poaceae Alliaria petiolata(i) garlic mustard Brassicaceae Allium tricoccum wild leek Liliaceae Alnus incana speckled alder Betulaceae Alnus serrulata smooth alder Betulaceae Amaranthus albus(e) tumbleweed Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus pigweed Amaranthaceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia ragweed Asteraceae Amelanchier arborea shadbush Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea var. laevis smooth shadbush Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea x canadensis serviceberry Rosaceae Amelanchier sanguinea roundleaf juneberry Rosaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata hog-peanut Fabaceae Anagallis arvensis(e) scarlet pimpernel Primulaceae Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting Asteraceae Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla bog rosemary Ericaceae Anemone quinquefolia wood anemone Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana thimbleweed Ranunculaceae Angelica atropurpurea Alexanders Apiaceae Antennaria neglecta var. attenuata field pussytoes Asteraceae Antennaria plantaginifolia everlasting Asteraceae Anthemis cotula(e) mayweed Asteraceae Anthoxanthum odoratum(e) sweet vernalgrass Poaceae Apios americana groundnut Fabaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbane Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp Apocynaceae Aquilegia canadensis wild columbine Ranunculaceae Aquilegia vulgaris(e) blue columbine Ranunculaceae Arabis lyrata lyre-leaf rock-cress Brassicaceae Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla Araliaceae Aralia racemosa spikenard Araliaceae 1

2 Arctium minus(e) common burdock Asteraceae Callitriche hermaphroditica(p) water-starwort Callitrichaceae Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit Araceae Callitriche heterophylla water-starwort Callitrichaceae Arisaema triphyllum ssp. stewardson northern Jack-in-the-pulp Araceae Callitriche palustris water-starwort Callitrichaceae Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum small Jack-in-the-pulpit Araceae Calopogon tuberosus grass pink Orchidaceae Aristida longespica slender three-awn Poaceae Calystegia sepium hedge-bindweed Convolvulaceae Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry Rosaceae Campanula rapunculoides(e) creeping bellflower Campanulaceae Asarum canadense wild ginger Aristolochiaceae Campanula rotundifolia harebell Campanulaceae Asclepias purpurascens(p) purple milkweed Asclepiadaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris(e) shepherd's-purse Brassicaceae Asclepias syriaca common milkweed Asclepiadaceae Cardamine diphylla two-leaf toothwort Brassicaceae Asplenium platyneuron ebony spleenwort Blechnaceae Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bittercress Brassicaceae Asplenium trichomanes maidenhair spleenwort Blechnaceae Carex annectens yellow-fruited sedge Cyperaceae Aster acuminatus mountain aster Asteraceae Carex arctata sedge Cyperaceae Aster cordifolius blue aster Asteraceae Carex bromoides sedge Cyperaceae Aster divaricatus white aster Asteraceae Carex bushii(p) Bush's sedge Cyperaceae Aster dumosus rice-button aster Asteraceae Carex communis sedge Cyperaceae Aster ericoides white wreath aster Asteraceae Carex crinita sedge Cyperaceae Aster laevis smooth blue aster Asteraceae Carex gynandra nodding sedge Cyperaceae Aster lanceolatus tall white aster Asteraceae Carex intumescens bladder sedge Cyperaceae Aster lateriflorus calico aster Asteraceae Carex lacustris sedge Cyperaceae Aster macrophyllus bigleaf aster Asteraceae Carex laxiculmis spreading sedge Cyperaceae Aster pilosus heath aster Asteraceae Carex laxiflora loose-flowered sedge Cyperaceae Aster praealtus willow aster Asteraceae Carex leptalea sedge Cyperaceae Aster prenanthoides zig-zag aster Asteraceae Carex lupulina sedge Cyperaceae Aster puniceus purple-stemmed aster Asteraceae Carex lurida sallow sedge Cyperaceae Aster umbellatus flat-top white aster Asteraceae Carex pedunculata sedge Cyperaceae Athyrium felix-foemina lady fern Dryopteridaceae Carex plantaginea plantain-sedge Cyperaceae Athyrium pycnocarpon narrow-leaf glade fern Dryopteridaceae Carex prasina sedge Cyperaceae Athyrium thelypterioides silvery spleenwort Dryopteridaceae Carex rosea sedge Cyperaceae Barbarea vulgaris(e) cress Brassicaceae Carex scoparia sedge Cyperaceae Berberis thunbergii(i) Japanese barberry Berberidaceae Carex stipata awl-fruited sedge Cyperaceae Berberis vulgaris(e) European barberry Berberidaceae Carex stricta tussock-sedge Cyperaceae Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch Betulaceae Carex swanii swan's sedge Cyperaceae Betula lenta sweet birch Betulaceae Carex torta sedge Cyperaceae Betula papyrifera paper birch Betulaceae Carex tribuloides sedge Cyperaceae Bidens cernua stick-tights Asteraceae Carex trisperma sedge Cyperaceae Bidens frondosa beggar-ticks Asteraceae Carex vulpinoidea sedge Cyperaceae Bidens vulgata beggar-ticks Asteraceae Carpinus caroliniana hornbeam Betulaceae Boehmeria cylindrica false-nettle Urticaceae Carum carvi caraway Apiaceae Botrychium lanceolatum lance-leaf grape-fern Ophioglossaceae Carya cordiformis bitternut Juglandaceae Botrychium matricariifolium daisy-leaf grape-fern Ophioglossaceae Carya ovata shagbark hickory Juglandaceae Botrychium virginianum rattlesnake fern Ophioglossaceae Caulophyllum thalictroides blue cohosh Berberidaceae Brachyelytrum erectum bearded-shorthusk Poaceae Celastrus orbiculata(i) Oriental bittersweet Celastraceae Brassica nigra(e) black mustard Brassicaceae Celastrus scandens American bittersweet Celastraceae Bromus inermis(e) smooth brome Poaceae Centaurea jacea(e) brown knapweed Asteraceae Bromus secalinus(e) cheat Poaceae Centaurea maculosa(e) bushy knapweed Asteraceae Calamagrostis canadensis bluejoint grass Poaceae Calla palustris water arum Araceae 2 3

3 Cerastium arvense(e) field chickweed Caryophyllaceae Crataegus pedicellata scarlet thorn Rosaceae Cerastium fontanum(e) common mouse-ear Caryophyllaceae Crataegus pruinosa hawthorn Rosaceae Cerastium glomeratum(e) clammy mouse-ear Caryophyllaceae Cryptotaenia canadensis honewort Apiaceae Cerastium nutans nodding chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cypripedium acaule pink ladyslipper Orchidaceae Ceratophyllum demersum coontail Ceratophyllaceae Cypripedium parviflorum yellow ladyslipper Orchidaceae Chamaedaphne calyculata leatherleaf Ericaceae Cystopteris bulbifera bulblet fern Dryopteridaceae Chamaesyce vermiculata hairy spurge Euphorbiaceae Cystopteris fragilis fragile fern Dryopteridaceae Chelidonium majus(e) greater celandine Papaveraceae Dactylis glomerata(e) orchard grass Poaceae Chelone glabra turtle-heads Scrophulariaceae Danthonia compressa northern oatgrass Poaceae Chenopodium album(e) lamb's-quarters Chenopodiaceae Danthonia spicata poverty-grass Poaceae Chenopodium simplex maple-leaf goosefoot Chenopodiaceae Daucus carota(e) Queen-Anne's-lace Apiaceae Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantic pipsissewa Pyrolaceae Dennstaedtia punctilobula hay-scented fern Dennstaedtiaceae Chrysosplenium americanum golden Saxifragaceae Desmodium nudiflorum tick-trefoil Fabaceae Cichorium intybus(e) chicory Asteraceae Dianthus armeria(e) Deptford pink Caryophyllaceae Cicuta bulbifera water-hemlock Apiaceae Dicentra canadensis squirrel-corn Fumariaceae Cinna arundinacea stout woodreed Poaceae Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's-breeches Fumariaceae Cinna latifolia drooping woodreed Poaceae Diervilla lonicera bush honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Circaea alpina dwarf enchanter's nightshade Onagraceae Digitaria ischaemum smooth crabgrass Poaceae Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis enchanter's nightshade Onagraceae Digitaria sanguinalis(e) tall crabgrass Poaceae Cirsium arvense(e) canada thistle Asteraceae Dirca palustris leatherwood Thymeliaceae Cirsium pumilum bull-thistle Asteraceae Drosera rotundifolia round-leaf sundew Droseraceae Cirsium vulgare(e) bull-thistle Asteraceae Dryopteris campyloptera eastern spreading wood fern Dryopteridaceae Claytonia caroliniana Carolina spring beauty Portulacaceae Dryopteris carthusiana spinulose wood fern Dryopteridaceae Clematis virginiana virgin's-bower Ranunculaceae Dryopteris cristata crested wood fern Dryopteridaceae Clintonia borealis woodlily Liliaceae Dryopteris goldiana giant wood fern Dryopteridaceae Collinsonia canadensis richweed Lamiaceae Dryopteris intermedia common wood fern Dryopteridaceae Commelina communis(e) dayflower Commelinaceae Dryopteris marginalis marginal wood fern Dryopteridaceae Conium maculatum poison hemlock Apiaceae Echinochloa crus-galli(e) barnyard grass Poaceae Conyza canadensis horseweed Asteraceae Echinochloa muricata var. muricata cockspur grass Poaceae Coptis trifolia goldthreads Ranunculaceae Echium vulgare(e) blue-devil Boraginaceae Corallorhiza maculata spotted coralroot Orchidaceae Eleocharis acicularis hairgrass Cyperaceae Cornus alternifolia green osier Cornaceae Eleocharis elliptica slender spikerush Cyperaceae Cornus amomum ssp. amomum silky dogwood Cornaceae Eleocharis erythropoda spikerush Cyperaceae Cornus canadensis bunchberry Cornaceae Eleocharis obtusa spikerush Cyperaceae Cornus drummondii(p) rough-leaf dogwood Cornaceae Eleocharis palustris creeping spikerush Cyperaceae Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa gray dogwood Cornaceae Elodea canadensis waterweed Hydrocharitaceae Cornus rugosa round-leaf dogwood Cornaceae Elodea nuttallii waterweed Hydrocharitaceae Cornus sericea red osier dogwood Cornaceae Elymus hystrix var. bigeloviana bottlebrush Poaceae Corylus americana hazelnut Betulaceae Elytrigia repens(e) quackgrass Poaceae Corylus avellana(e) European filbert Betulaceae Epifagus virginana beech-drops Orobanchaceae Corylus cornuta beaked hazel Betulaceae Epilobium angustifolium willow-herb Onagraceae Crataegus brainerdii hawthorn Rosaceae Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum northern willow-herb Onagraceae Crataegus crus-galli cockspur Rosaceae Epilobium coloratum purple-leaf willow-herb Onagraceae Crataegus macrosperma big-fruited haw Rosaceae Epilobium hirsutum(e) European fireweed Onagraceae Crataegus monogyna(e) English hawthorn Rosaceae Epilobium leptophyllum willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium strictum downy willow-weed Onagraceae 4 5

4 Epipactis helleborine(e) helleborine Orchidaceae Gentiana andrewsii closed gentian Gentianaceae Equisetum arvense common horsetail Equisetaceae Geranium maculatum wild geranium Geraniaceae Equisetum fluviatile water horsetail Equisetaceae Geranium robertianum herb-robert Geraniaceae Equisetum sylvaticum woodland horsetail Equisetaceae Geum aleppicum yellow avens Rosaceae Equisetum x litorale shore horsetail Equisetaceae Geum canadense white avens Rosaceae Eragrostis hypnoides lovegrass Poaceae Geum laciniatum rough avens Rosaceae Erigeron annuus daisy-fleabane Asteraceae Geum rivale purple avens Rosaceae Erigeron philadelphicus fleabane Asteraceae Glechoma hederacea(e) ground-ivy Lamiaceae Erigeron pulchellus robin's-plantain Asteraceae Glyceria borealis northern mannagrass Poaceae Erigeron strigosus daisy-fleabane Asteraceae Glyceria canadensis rattlesnake grass Poaceae Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum hare's-tail Cyperaceae Glyceria grandis reed meadowgrass Poaceae Eriophorum virginicum tawny cottongrass Cyperaceae Glyceria melicaria slender mannagrass Poaceae Erucastrum gallicum(e) French rocket Brassicaceae Glyceria striata fowl mannagrass Poaceae Erysimum cheiranthoides(e) wormseed-mustard Brassicaceae Gnaphalium obtusifolium catfoot Asteraceae Erythronium americanum yellow adder's-tongue Liliaceae Gnaphalium uliginosum(e) low cudweed Asteraceae Eupatorium maculatum spotted Joe-pye-weed Asteraceae Gratiola neglecta mud-hyssop Scrophulariaceae Eupatorium perfoliatum thoroughwort Asteraceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern Dryopteridaceae Eupatorium purpureum sweet Joe-pye-weed Asteraceae Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel Hamamelidaceae Eupatorium rugosum white snakeroot Asteraceae Hedeoma pulegioides mock penny-royal Lamiaceae Euthamia graminifolia bush goldenrod Asteraceae Hemerocallis fulva(e) orange day-lily Liliaceae Fagus grandifolia American beech Fagaceae Hepatica americana round-lobed hepatica Ranunculaceae Fallopia japonica(i) Japanese knotweed Polygonaceae Hepatica nobilis liverleaf Ranunculaceae Festuca rubra(e) red fescue Poaceae Heracleum maximum cow-parsnip Apiaceae Festuca subverticillata nodding fescue Poaceae Hesperis matronalis(e) dame's-rocket Brassicaceae Filipendula ulmaria(e) queen-of-the-meadow Rosaceae Hieracium aurantiacum(e) orange hawkweed Asteraceae Fragaria vesca(e) woodland strawberry Rosaceae Hieracium caespitosum(e) king-devil Asteraceae Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry Rosaceae Hieracium paniculatum hawkweed Asteraceae Fraxinus americana white ash Oleaceae Hieracium pilosella(e) mouse-ear hawkweed Asteraceae Fraxinus nigra black ash Oleaceae Hieracium piloselloides(e) king-devil Asteraceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Oleaceae Hieracium scabrum hawkweed Asteraceae Galeopsis tetrahit(e) hemp-nettle Lamiaceae Hydrocotyle americana pennywort Apiaceae Galinsoga ciliata(e) quickweed Asteraceae Hydrophyllum virginianum virginia waterleaf Hydrophyllaceae Galium aparine bedstraw Rubiaceae Hypericum ellipticum pale St. John's-wort Elatinaceae Galium asprellum rough bedstraw Rubiaceae Hypericum mutilum dwarf St. John's-wort Elatinaceae Galium boreale northern bedstraw Rubiaceae Hypericum mutilum ssp. boreale No. dwarf St. John's-wort Elatinaceae Galium lanceolatum wild-licorice Rubiaceae Hypericum perforatum(e) common St. John's-wort Elatinaceae Galium mollugo(e) white bedstraw Rubiaceae Hypoxis hirsuta stargrass Liliaceae Galium obtusum marsh bedstraw Rubiaceae Ilex verticillata black alder Aquifoliaceae Galium palustre ditch bedstraw Rubiaceae Impatiens capensis jewelweed Balsaminaceae Galium tinctorium bedstraw Rubiaceae Impatiens pallida pale jewelweed Balsaminaceae Galium trifidum(e) bedstraw Rubiaceae Inula helenium(e) elecampane Asteraceae Galium triflorum sweet-scented bedstraw Rubiaceae Iris versicolor blue flag Iridaceae Galium verum yellow bedstraw Rubiaceae Isoetes engelmannii engelmann quillwort Selaginellaceae Gaultheria hispidula creeping snow-berry Ericaceae Isoetes engelmannii x riparia quillwort Selaginellaceae Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen Ericaceae Isoetes tuckermanii Tuckerman quillwort Selaginellaceae Juglans cinerea butternut Juglandaceae 6 7

5 Juncus cordiformis rush Juncaceae Malus floribunda(e) flowering crabapple Rosaceae Juncus effusus(e) common rush Juncaceae Malus pumila(e) common apple Rosaceae Juncus nodosus knotted rush Juncaceae Malus sieboldii(e) Toringo crab-apple Rosaceae Juncus tenuis slender yard-rush Juncaceae Malva moschata(e) musk-mallow Malvaceae Juniperus communis common juniper Cupressaceae Malva neglecta(e) cheeses Malvaceae Juniperus virginiana eastern red cedar Cupressaceae Matricaria matricarioides(e) pinapple-weed Asteraceae Kalmia polifolia bog laurel Ericaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fern Dryopteridaceae Lactuca biennis wild lettuce Asteraceae Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber-root Liliaceae Lactuca canadensis wild lettuce Asteraceae Medicago lupulina(e) black medick Fabaceae Laportea canadensis wood-nettle Urticaceae Melilotus alba(e) white sweet-clover Fabaceae Lapsana communis(e) nipplewort Asteraceae Melilotus officinalis(e) yellow sweet-clover Fabaceae Larix decidua(e) European larch Pinaceae Mentha aquatica(e) water-mint Lamiaceae Ledum groenlandicum Labrador tea Ericaceae Mentha arvensis(e) field mint Lamiaceae Leersia oryzoides rice cutgrass Poaceae Mentha canadensis field mint Lamiaceae Lemna minor duckweed Lemnaceae Mentha spicata(e) spearmint Lamiaceae Leontodon autumnalis(e) fall-dandelion Asteraceae Milium effusum milletgrass Poaceae Leonurus cardiaca(e) motherwort Lamiaceae Mimulus ringens common monkeyflower Scrophulariaceae Lepidium campestre(e) cow-cress Brassicaceae Mitchella repens partridge-berry Rubiaceae Lepidium virginicum wild peppergrass Brassicaceae Mitella diphylla coolwort Saxifragaceae Leucanthemum vulgare(e) ox-eye daisy Asteraceae Moehringia lateriflora grove sandwort Caryophyllaceae Lilium canadense Canada lily Liliaceae Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot Lamiaceae Linaria vulgaris(e) butter-and-eggs Scrophulariaceae Monotropa hypopithys pinesap Pyrolaceae Lindera benzoin spicebush Lauraceae Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe Pyrolaceae Lindernia dubia false-pimpernel Scrophulariaceae Muhlenbergia frondosa wirestem muhly Poaceae Lobelia inflata Indian-tobacco Campanulaceae Muhlenbergia glomerata spike muhly Poaceae Lycopus virginicus water-horehound Lamiaceae Myosotis arvensis(e) forget-me-not Boraginaceae Lysimachia ciliata fringed loosestrife Primulaceae Myosotis laxa wild forget-me-not Boraginaceae Lysimachia nummularia(e) moneywort Primulaceae Najas flexilis naiad Ruppiaceae Lysimachia quadrifolia whorled loosestrife Primulaceae Nemopanthus mucronatus mountain holly Aquifoliaceae Lysimachia terrestris swamp-candles Primulaceae Nepeta cataria(e) catnip Lamiaceae Lysimachia thyrsiflora tufted loosestrife Primulaceae Oenothera biennis common evening-primrose Onagraceae Lysimachia vulgaris(e) garden loosestrife Primulaceae Oenothera perennis sundrops Onagraceae Lythrum salicaria(i) purple loosestrife Lythraceae Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern Dryopteridaceae Lonicera canadensis fly honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Origanum vulgare(e) marjoram Lamiaceae Lonicera morrowii(i) fly honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Orobanche uniflora one-flowered cancer-root Orobanchaceae Lonicera tatarica(i) Tartarian honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Orthilia secunda one-sided wintergreen Pyrolaceae Lotus corniculatus(e) bird's-foot trefoil Fabaceae Osmorhiza claytonii sweet jarvil Apiaceae Ludwigia palustris water purslane Onagraceae Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern Osmundaceae Luzula campestris common wood-rush Juncaceae Osmunda claytoniana interrupted fern Osmundaceae Lycopodium annotinum bristly clubmoss Lycopodiaceae Osmunda regalis royal fern Osmundaceae Lycopodium clavatum staghorn clubmoss Lycopodiaceae Ostrya virginiana hop hornbeam Betulaceae Lycopodium complanatum(p) northern running-pine Lycopodiaceae Oxalis corniculata(e) lady's-sorrel Oxalidaceae Lycopodium lucidulum shining fir clubmoss Lycopodiaceae Oxalis montana common wood-sorrel Oxalidaceae Lycopodium obscurum(p) ground pine Lycopodiaceae Oxalis stricta lady's-sorrel Oxalidaceae Lycopus americanus water-horehound Lamiaceae Panax quinquefolius(p) ginseng Araliaceae Lycopus uniflorus water-horehound Lamiaceae Panicum capillare witchgrass Poaceae Maianthemum canadense false lily-of-the-valley Liliaceae Panicum lanuginosum panic grass Poaceae Malaxis unifolia green adder's-mouth Orchidaceae 8 9

6 Panicum villosissimum panic grass Poaceae Polygonum erectum(p) erect knotweed Polygonaceae Paronychia fastigiata forked chickweed Caryophyllaceae Polygonum hydropiper(e) common smartweed Polygonaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Vitaceae Polygonum lapathifolium(e) willow-weed Polygonaceae Parthenocissus vitacea Virginia creeper Vitaceae Polygonum pensylvanicum pinkweed Polygonaceae Pastinaca sativa(e) wild parsnip Apiaceae Polygonum persicaria(e) lady's-thumb Polygonaceae Penstemon digitalis(e) false-foxglove Scrophulariaceae Polygonum punctatum water smartweed Polygonaceae Penthorum sedoides ditch-stonecrop Saxifragaceae Polygonum sagittatum tearthumb Polygonaceae Phalaris arundinacea(i) reed canary-grass Poaceae Polygonum tenue(p) slender knotweed Polygonaceae Phegopteris connectilis northern beech fern Thelypteridaceae Polypodium virginianum rock polypody Dryopteridaceae Phegopteris hexagonoptera broad beech fern Thelypteridaceae Polystichum acrostichoides shield fern Dryopteridaceae Phleum pratense(e) Timothy Poaceae Populus balsamifera(e) hybrid poplar Salicaceae Phragmites australis(i) common reed Poaceae Populus deltoides cottonwood Salicaceae Phryma leptostachya lopseed Verbenaceae Populus grandidentata big-toothed aspen Salicaceae Picea abies(e) Norway spruce Pinaceae Populus nigra(e) lombardy poplar Salicaceae Picea glauca(e) white spruce Pinaceae Populus tremuloides quaking aspen Salicaceae Picea mariana black spruce Pinaceae Portulaca oleracea(e) purslane Portulacaceae Picea pungens(e) Colorado blue spruce Pinaceae Potamogeton crispus(i) pondweed Potamogetonaceae Picea rubens red spruce Pinaceae Potamogeton diversifolius pondweed Potamogetonaceae Pilea pumila richweed Urticaceae Potamogeton epihydrus pondweed Potamogetonaceae Pinus banksiana(p) Jack pine Pinaceae Potamogeton gramineus grass-leaf pondweed Potamogetonaceae Pinus resinosa red pine Pinaceae Potamogeton nodosus pondweed Potamogetonaceae Pinus strobus white pine Pinaceae Potamogeton perfoliatus pondweed Potamogetonaceae Pinus sylvestris(e) scotch pine Pinaceae Potamogeton robbinsii pondweed Potamogetonaceae Plantago lanceolata(e) buck-horn plantain Plantaginaceae Potamogeton spirillus pondweed Potamogetonaceae Plantago major(e) common plantain Plantaginaceae Potamogeton vaseyi Vasey's pondweed Potamogetonaceae Plantago rugelii pale plantain Plantaginaceae Potentilla argentea(e) silvery cinquefoil Rosaceae Platanthera grandiflora lg. purple fringed orchid Orchidaceae Potentilla canadensis dwarf cinquefoil Rosaceae Platanthera hyperborea northern green orchid Orchidaceae Potentilla norvegica rough cinquefoil Rosaceae Platanthera lacera ragged fringed orchid Orchidaceae Potentilla recta(e) sulfer cinquefoil Rosaceae Platanthera orbiculata round-leaved orchid Orchidaceae Potentilla simplex common cinquefoil Rosaceae Poa alsodes speargrass Poaceae Prenanthes alba white lettuce Asteraceae Poa annua(e) annual bluegrass Poaceae Prenanthes altissima rattlesnake-root Asteraceae Poa compressa(e) Canada bluegrass Poaceae Prunella vulgaris(e) self-heal Lamiaceae Poa pratensis(e) Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae Prunus americana hedge-plum Rosaceae Poa trivialis(e) rough bluegrass Poaceae Prunus avium(e) sweet cherry Rosaceae Podophyllum peltatum May-apple Berberidaceae Prunus pensylvanica pin-cherry Rosaceae Pogonia ophioglossoides rose pogonia Orchidaceae Prunus serotina black cherry Rosaceae Polygala paucifolia fringed milkwort Polygalaceae Prunus virginiana choke-cherry Rosaceae Polygala sanguinea rose milkwort Polygalaceae Pseudotsuga menziesii(e) Douglas fir Pinaceae Polygonatum biflorum Solomon's-seal Liliaceae Pteridium aquilinum bracken Dennstaedtiaceae Polygonatum pubescens Solomon's-seal Liliaceae Puccinellia pallida pale mannagrass Poaceae Polygonum amphibium water smartweed Polygonaceae Pycnanthemum tenuifolium mountain-mint Lamiaceae Polygonum arifolium arrowleaf tearthumb Polygonaceae Pyrola elliptica shinleaf Pyrolaceae Polygonum aviculare(e) knotweed Polygonaceae Quercus rubra No. red oak Fagaceae Polygonum cilinode fringed bindweed Polygonaceae Ranunculus abortivus kidney-leaf crowfoot Ranunculaceae Polygonum convolvulus(e) black bindweed Polygonaceae 10 11

7 Ranunculus acris(e) common buttercup Ranunculaceae Sambucus canadensis black elderberry Caprifoliaceae Ranunculus bulbosus(e) bulbous crowfoot Ranunculaceae Sambucus racemosa(e) red elderberry Caprifoliaceae Ranunculus hispidus buttercup Ranunculaceae Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot Papaveraceae Ranunculus pensylvanicus bristly buttercup Ranunculaceae Sanicula marilandica black snakeroot Apiaceae Ranunculus recurvatus hooked buttercup Ranunculaceae Saponaria officinalis(e) bouncing-bet Caryophyllaceae Ranunculus repens(e) creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae Sarracenia purpurea pitcher-plant Sarraceniaceae Rhamnus alnifolia alder-leaf buckthorn Rhamnaceae Satureja vulgaris(e) basil Lamiaceae Rhododendron maximum great laurel Ericaceae Saxifraga pensylvanica swamp saxifrage Saxifragaceae Rhododendron periclymenoides pinkster-flower Ericaceae Saxifraga virginiensis early saxifrage Saxifragaceae Rhododendron prinophyllum early azalea Ericaceae Scirpus cyperinus woolgrass Cyperaceae Rhus typhina staghorn sumac Anacardiaceae Scirpus hattorianus bulrush Cyperaceae Rhynchospora alba white beakrush Cyperaceae Scirpus pedicellatus bulrush Cyperaceae Ribes cynos-bati dogberry Grossulariaceae Scirpus tabernaemontanii soft-stem bulrush Cyperaceae Ribes rotundifolium common gooseberry Grossulariaceae Scutellaria galericulata common skullcap Lamiaceae Ribes rubrum(e) northern red currant Grossulariaceae Scutellaria lateriflora mad-dog skullcap Lamiaceae Robinia pseudoacacia(i) black locust Fabaceae Sedum telephium(e) live-forever Crassulaceae Rorippa palustris(e) marsh watercress Brassicaceae Senecio aureus golden ragwort Asteraceae Rorippa palustris ssp. fernaldiana marsh watercress Brassicaceae Senecio vulgaris(e) common groundsel Asteraceae Rorippa sylvestris(e) creeping yellow-cress Brassicaceae Setaria glauca(e) foxtail Poaceae Rosa blanda smooth rose Rosaceae Silene latifolia(e) white campion Caryophyllaceae Rosa multiflora(i) multiflora rose Rosaceae Silene vulgaris(e) bladder-campion Caryophyllaceae Rubus allegheniensis northern blackberry Rosaceae Sisymbrium officinale(e) hedge-mustard Brassicaceae Rubus canadensis thornless blackberry Rosaceae Sisyrinchium angustifolium blue-eyed grass Iridaceae Rubus hispidus swamp dewberry Rosaceae Sisyrinchium mucronatum(p) blue-eyed grass Iridaceae Rubus idaeus red raspberry Rosaceae Sium suave water-parsnip Apiaceae Rubus occidentalis black raspberry Rosaceae Smilacina racemosa false Solomon's-seal Liliaceae Rubus odoratus pink thimbleberry Rosaceae Smilacina stellata starflower Liliaceae Rubus pubescens dwarf raspberry Rosaceae Solanum dulcamara trailing nightshade Solanaceae Rudbeckia hirta(e) black-eyed-susan Asteraceae Solidago arguta cutleaf goldenrod Asteraceae Rudbeckia laciniata cut-leaf coneflower Asteraceae Solidago bicolor white goldenrod Asteraceae Rumex acetosella(e) sheep sorrel Polygonaceae Solidago caesia wreath goldenrod Asteraceae Rumex crispus(e) curly dock Polygonaceae Solidago canadensis canada goldenrod Asteraceae Rumex longifolius(e) yard dock Polygonaceae Solidago flexicaulis zig-zag goldenrod Asteraceae Rumex obtusifolius(e) bitter dock Polygonaceae Solidago gigantea late goldenrod Asteraceae Rumex verticillatus swamp dock Polygonaceae Solidago juncea early goldenrod Asteraceae Sagina procumbens(e) pearlwort Caryophyllaceae Solidago macrophylla large-leaf goldenrod Asteraceae Sagittaria latifolia wapato Alismataceae Solidago nemoralis rough goldenrod Asteraceae Salix alba(e) white willow Salicaceae Solidago rugosa tall hairy goldenrod Asteraceae Salix babylonica(e) weeping willow Salicaceae Solidago squarrosa ragged goldenrod Asteraceae Salix bebbiana beaked willow Salicaceae Sonchus asper(e) spiny sow-thistle Asteraceae Salix candida hoary willow Salicaceae Sonchus oleraceus(e) sow-thistle Asteraceae Salix discolor pussy-willow Salicaceae Sorbus aucuparia(e) European mountain ash Rosaceae Salix humili sprairie willow Salicaceae Sorbus decora northern mountain ash Rosaceae Salix lucida shining willow Salicaceae Sparganium americanum bur-reed Sparganiaceae Salix nigra black willow Salicaceae Sparganium chlorocarpum bur-reed Sparganiaceae Salix sericea silky willow Salicaceae 13 12

8 Spiraea latifolia meadow-sweet Rosaceae Vaccinium oxycoccos cranberry Ericaceae Spiraea tomentosa hardhack Rosaceae Valeriana officinalis(e) common valerian Valerianaceae Spirodela polyrhiza giant duckweed Lemnaceae Vallisneria americana tapegrass Hydrocharitaceae Stellaria graminea(e) common stitchwort lesser Caryophyllaceae Veratrum viride false or white hellebore Liliaceae Stellaria media(e) common chickweed Caryophyllaceae Verbascum thapsus(e) mullein Scrophulariaceae Streptopus amplexifolius var. americanus white mandarin Liliaceae Verbena hastata blue vervain Verbenaceae Streptopus roseus rose mandarin Liliaceae Verbena urticifolia white vervain Verbenaceae Symphoricarpos orbiculatus(e) coralberry Caprifoliaceae Veronica americana American speedwell Scrophulariaceae Symplocarpus foetidus skunk-cabbage Araceae Veronica arvensis(e) corn speedwell Scrophulariaceae Tanacetum parthenium(e) fever-few Asteraceae Veronica chamaedrys(e) bird's-eye speedwell Scrophulariaceae Tanacetum vulgare(e) tansy Asteraceae Veronica officinalis(e) speedwell Scrophulariaceae Taraxacum officinale(e) common dandelion Asteraceae Veronica scutellata marsh speedwell Scrophulariaceae Taxus canadensis American yew Taxaceae Veronica serpyllifolia(e) thyme-leaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae Thalictrum dioicum early meadow-rue Ranunculaceae Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaf viburnum Caprifoliaceae Thalictrum pubescens tall meadow-rue Ranunculaceae Viburnum cassinoides withe-rod Caprifoliaceae Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern Thelypteridaceae Viburnum dentatum arrowwood Caprifoliaceae Thelypteris palustris marsh fern Thelypteridaceae Viburnum lantanoides hobblebush Caprifoliaceae Thuja occidentalis northern white cedar Cupressaceae Viburnum lentago sheepberry Caprifoliaceae Thymus pulegioides(e) wild thyme Lamiaceae Viburnum recognitum arrow Caprifoliaceae Tiarella cordifolia foamflower Saxifragaceae Vicia cracca cow-vetch Fabaceae Tilia americana basswood Tiliaceae Vicia sativa(e) common vetch Fabaceae Toxicodendron radicans poison ivy Anacardiaceae Vicia tetrasperma(e) lentil-vetch Fabaceae Tragopogon pratensis(e) yellow goat's-beard Asteraceae Vinca minor(e) common periwinkle Apocynaceae Trientalis borealis starflower Primulaceae Viola adunca hookspur violet Violaceae Trifolium arvense(e) rabbit's-foot clover Fabaceae Viola blanda sweet white violet Violaceae Trifolium aureum(e) yellow clover Fabaceae Viola canadensis tall white violet Violaceae Trifolium dubium(e) hop-clover Fabaceae Viola conspersa American dog-violet Violaceae Trifolium hybridum(e) alsike clover Fabaceae Viola cucullata blue marsh violet Violaceae Trifolium pratense(e) red clover Fabaceae Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens pale violet Violaceae Trifolium repens(e) white clover Fabaceae Viola pedata bird's-foot violet Violaceae Trillium erectum purple trillium Liliaceae Viola pubescens downy yellow violet Violaceae Trillium undulatum painted trillium Liliaceae Viola renifolia northern white violet Violaceae Tsuga canadensis eastern hemlock Pinaceae Viola rostrata long-spurred violet Violaceae Tussilago farfara(e) coltsfoot Asteraceae Viola rotundifolia round-leaf violet Violaceae Typha latifolia common cat-tail Typhaceae Viola sagittata arrow-leaf violet Violaceae Ulmus americana American elm Ulmaceae Viola sagittata x sororia hybrid violet Violaceae Ulmus rubra slippery elm Ulmaceae Viola sagittata x sororia violet Violaceae Urtica dioica(e) stinging nettle Urticaceae Viola selkirkii great spurred violet Violaceae Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis(e) stinging nettle Urticaceae Viola tricolor(e) Johnny jump-up Violaceae Utricularia gibba cone-spur bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Vitis aestivalis summer grape Vitaceae Uvularia grandiflora bellwort Liliaceae Vitis labrusca fox grape Vitaceae Uvularia perfoliata strawbell Liliaceae Vitis riparia frost grape Vitaceae Uvularia sessilifolia wild-oats Liliaceae Waldsteinia fragarioides barren strawberry Rosaceae Vaccinium angustifolium lowbush blueberry Ericaceae Woodsia obtusa blunt-lobed woodsia Dryopteridaceae Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry Ericaceae Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain fern Blechnaceae Zizia aurea golden Alexanders Apiaceae 14 15