Cycads and other Non-Edible Plants Addressing Valid Concerns

Transcription

1 Cycads and other Non-Edible Plants Addressing Valid Concerns Every couple of years, a client expresses a concern whether cycads are a problem for pets. I hope the following information will help clarify concerns regarding cycads and plant toxicity in general. When I first began working with cycads 25 years ago, I learned that cycads are toxic if eaten in sufficient quantities. Cycads are not poisonous like an oleander or other truly poisonous plants, but cycads are not edible. I have researched cycads over the past 25 yearsand this is what I have learned: Many ornamental plants are inedible and/or toxic. A quick look at the ASPCA website shows nearly 400 plants are toxic to dogs and/or cats. Some of the plants the ASPCA shows as toxic among the first 14 alphabetically are aloe, alocasia, apple and apricot, and these are just among the first 14 of nearly 400 plants. I've listed below the plants the ASPCA believes are toxic to dogs, which you can also look up at A link to the "cat list" with 398 plants is here: So, if someone wants to landscape with only plants that are non-toxic for household pets, they need to eliminate around 444 plants if we want to go by what the ASPCA shows on their website. In general, ornamental plants are not planted with a concern regarding edibility. As a practical matter, cycads (and other ornamental plants toxic to pets) are rarely, if ever, eaten or even chewed on by dogs or cats. Certainly not cycads, because they are bitter to the taste, and if even bitten, usually spat out, just as are many other inedible plants. Also, their spiny leaves and waxy hard texture make them very hard to eat, even if a person or animal even tries to eat a cycad. I don't want to minimize this issue, because household pets are a part of the family. We have a good number of pets both at the nursery (8+) and at home (5+). Rocky is a floater, double-counted here. At the same time, I have in my own garden the following plants, just in the "A's", that are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs (and you both know my dog Rocky is like a second son): aloes alocasias apple tree apricot tree (and a plum tree) arums (calla lilies) asparagus ferns avocado tree We also have day lilies at home and in the nursery garden, which have tasty edible flowers, are edible to dogs and horses, but are toxic to cats, with "Clinical Signs: Vomiting, inappetence, lethargy, kidney failure, and death is possible. Cats are only species known to be affected," according to the ASPCA. Please take a moment to look at the toxic plant lists on the ASPCA website and you'll see exactly what I'm saying -- many very desirable plants are toxic to either dogs or cats. Again, I don t want to minimize this issue, because if someone does not want any plants toxic to their pets, this request must be respected. In terms of toxicity, here are the links on the ASPCA site related to 4 other plants they rate as toxic, apples, apricots, aloes and alocasias: So, we return to the whole issue of whether a garden/home needs to be landscaped with only plant material that is non-toxic and/or edible (and, in the case of apples, for example, parts of the plant are clearly edible, even if Page 1 of 19

2 others are toxic). I can't speak for others, because this is really a personal choice issue. If someone want a landscape that is totally non-toxic to dogs, then you should not use cycads. Or apples, apricots, aloes or the other 380-plus plants that the ASPCA says have been reported as having systemic effects on animals and/or intense effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Also, please note the ASPCA says have been reported, not are toxic. So, I don t really know what to make of this. I looked at this list a little longer, and was surprised to find Bird of Paradise, Gardenia, Carnation, Jade Plant, Clivia, Daffodils and Daisy! So, you get my drift. So, what to do? I d take a look at these lists. Then, decide whether a totally non-toxic plant policy makes sense. Sincerely, Maurice Levin Jurassic Garden -- A&A Cycads maurice@cycads.com Website: Page 2 of 19

3 Plants Toxic to Dogs 1. Adam-and-Eve (Arum, Lord-and-Ladies, Wake Robin, Starch Root, Bobbins, Cuckoo Plant) Scientific Name: Arum maculatum Family: Araceae 2. African Wonder Tree Scientific Name: Ricinus communis Family: 3. Alocasia (Elephant's Ear) Scientific Name: Alocasia spp. Family: Araceae 4. Aloe Scientific Name: Aloe vera Family: Liliaceae 5. Amaryllis (Many, including: Belladonna lily, Saint Joseph lily, Cape Belladonna, Naked Lady) Scientific Name: Amaryllis sp. Family: Amaryllidaceae 6. Ambrosia Mexicana (Jerusalem Oak, Feather Geranium) Scientific Name: Chenopodium botrys (Ambrosia mexicana ) Family: Chenopodiaceae 7. American Bittersweet (Bittersweet, Waxwork, Shrubby Bittersweet, False Bittersweet, Climbing Bittersweet) Scientific Name: Celastrus scandens Family: Celastraceae 8. American Holly (English Holly, European Holly, Oregon Holly, Inkberry, Winterberry) Scientific Name: Ilex opaca Family: Aquifoliaceae 9. American Mandrake (Mayapple, Indian Apple Root, Umbrella Leaf, Wild Lemon, Hog Apple, Duck's Foot, Raccoonberry) Scientific Name: Podophyllum peltatum Family: Berberidaceae 10. American Yew Scientific Name: Taxus canidensus Family: Taxaceae 11. Andromeda Japonica (Pieris, Lily-of-the-Valley Bush) Scientific Name: Pieris japonica Family: Ericaceae 12. Angelica Tree (Hercules' Club, Devil's Walking Stick, Prickly Ash, Prickly Elder) Scientific Name: Aralia spinosa Family: Araliaceae 13. Apple (Includes crabapples) Scientific Name: Malus sylvestrus (other Malus species) Family: Rosaceae 14. Apricot (Group also includes Plum, Peach, Cherry) Scientific Name: Prunus armeniaca (other Prunus species) Family: Rosaceae 15. Arrow-Head Vine (Nephthytis, Green Gold Naphthysis, African Evergreen, Trileaf Wonder) Scientific Name: Syngonium podophyllum Family: Araceae 16. Arum (Cuckoo-pint, Lord-and-Ladies, Adam-and-Eve, Starch Root, Bobbins, Wake Robin) Scientific Name: Arum maculatum Family: Araceae 17. Arum Lily (Calla Lily, Pig Lily, White Arum, Trumpet Lily, Florist's Calla, Garden Calla) Scientific Name: Zantedeschia aethiopica Family: Araceae 18. Asparagus Fern (Asparagus, Emerald Feather, Emerald Fern, Sprengeri Fern, Plumosa Fern, Lace Fern, Racemose Asparagus, Shatavari) Scientific Name: Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri (Asparagus setaceus) Family: Liliaceae 19. Australian Ivy Palm (Schefflera, Umbrella Tree, Octopus Tree, Starleaf) Scientific Name: Brassaia actinophylla Family: Araliaceae 20. Australian Nut (Macadamia Nut, Queensland Nut) Scientific Name: Macadamia integrifolia Family: Proteaceae 21. Australian Pine (Norfolk Pine, House Pine, Norfolk Island Pine) Scientific Name: Araucaria heterophylla Family: Araucariaceae 22. Autumn Crocus (Meadow Saffron) Scientific Name: Colchicum autumnale Family: Liliaceae Page 3 of 19

4 23. Avocado (Alligator Pear) Scientific Name: Persea americana Family: Lauraceae 24. Azalea (Rosebay, Rhododendron) Scientific Name: Rhododendron spp Family: Ericaceae 25. Baby Doll Ti Plant (Ti-Plant, Good-Luck Plant, Hawaiian Ti Plant) Scientific Name: Cordyline terminalis Family: Agavaceae 26. Baby?s Breath (Maidens Breath) Scientific Name: Gypsophila elegans Family: Caryophyllaceae 27. Barbados Aloe (Medicine Plant, True Aloe) Scientific Name: Aloe barbadensis Family: Aloaceae 28. Barbados Lily (Amaryllis, Fire Lily, Lily of the Palace, Ridderstjerne) Scientific Name: Hippeastrum spp. Family: Amaryllidaceae 29. Barbados Pride (Peacock Flower, Dwarf Poinciana) Scientific Name: Caesalpinia pulcherrima Family: 30. Barbados Pride 2 (Bird of Paradise, Poinciana, Brazilwood) Scientific Name: Poinciana gilliesii (Caesalpinia gilliesii) Family: Leguminosae 31. Bead Tree (China Ball Tree, Paradise Tree, Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Japanese Bead Tree, Texas Umbrella Tree, Pride-of-India, Chinaberry Tree ) Scientific Name: Melia azedarach Family: Meliaceae 32. Begonia (Over 1,000 species and 10,000 hybrids) Scientific Name: Begonia spp. Family: Begoniaceae 33. Bergamot Orange (Bergamot, Citrus bergamia ) Scientific Name: Citrus Aurantium Family: Rutaceae 34. Bird of Paradise (Peacock Flower, Barbados Pride, Poinciana, Pride of Barbados) Scientific Name: Caesalpinia gilliesii (Poinciana gilliesii) Family: Leguminosae 35. Bird of Paradise 2 (Peacock Flower, Barbados Pride, Poinciana, Pride of Barbados) Scientific Name: Poinciana gilliesii (Caesalpinia gilliesii) Family: Leguminosae 36. Bird of Paradise Flower (Crane Flower, Bird's Tongue Flower) Scientific Name: Strelitzia reginae Family: Strelitziaceae 37. Bird's Tongue Flower (Bird of Paradise Flower, Crane Flower ) Scientific Name: Strelitzia reginae Family: Strelitziaceae 38. Bishop?s Weed (Greater Ammi, False Queen Anne's Lace ) Scientific Name: Ammi majus Family: Apiaceae 39. Bitter Root (Dogbane Hemp, Indian Hemp ) Scientific Name: Apocynum androsaemifolium Family: Apocynaceae 40. Black Calla (Solomon's Lily, Wild Calla, Wild Arum ) Scientific Name: Arum palestinum Family: Araceae 41. Black Laurel (Dog Hobble, Dog Laurel, Fetter Bush, Sierra Laurel ) Scientific Name: Leucothoe davisiae Family: Ericaceae 42. Black Nightshade (Nightshade, Deadly Nightshade ) Scientific Name: Solanum nigrum Family: Solanaceae 43. Black Walnut Scientific Name: Juglans nigra Family: Juglandaceae 44. Bobbins (Arum, Lord-and-Ladies, Adam-and-Eve, Starch Root, Wake Robin, Cuckoo Plant) Scientific Name: Arum maculatum Family: Araceae 45. Branching Ivy (English Ivy, Glacier Ivy, Needlepoint Ivy, Sweetheart Ivy, California Ivy ) Scientific Name: Hedera helix Family: Araliaceae 46. Brazilwood (Bird of Paradise, Poinciana, Barbados Pride) Scientific Name: Poinciana gilliesii Family: Leguminosae Page 4 of 19

5 47. Bread and Butter Plant (Indian Borage, Spanish Thyme, Coleus, Maratha, Militini, East Indian Thyme ) Scientific Name: Coleus ampoinicus Family: Labiatae 48. Brunfelsia (Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, Kiss-Me-Quick, Lady-of-the-Night, Fransiscan Rain Tree) Scientific Name: Brunfelsia species Family: Solanaceae 49. Buckeye (Horse Chestnut ) Scientific Name: Aesculus spp Family: Hippocastanaceae 50. Buckwheat Scientific Name: Fagopyrum species Family: Polygonaceae 51. Buddhist Pine (Yew Pine, Japanese Yew, Southern Yew, Podocarpus) Scientific Name: Podocarpus macrophylla Family: Podocarpaceae 52. Burning Bush (Wahoo, Spindle Tree ) Scientific Name: Euonymus atropurpurea (Euonymus occidentalis) Family: Celastraceae 53. Buttercup (Butter Cress, Figwort ) Scientific Name: Ranunculus sp. Family: Ranunculaceae 54. Caladium (Malanga, Elephant's Ears, Stoplight, Seagull, Mother-in-law Plant, Pink Cloud, Texas Wonder, Angel-Wings, Exposition, Candidum, Fancy-leaved Caladium ) Scientific Name: Caladium hortulanum Family: Araceae 55. Calamondin Orange Scientific Name: Citrus mitis Family: Rutaceae 56. California Ivy (Branching Ivy, Glacier Ivy, Needlepoint Ivy, Sweetheart Ivy, English Ivy ) Scientific Name: Hedera helix Family: Araliaceae 57. Calla Lily (Calla Lily, Pig Lily, White Arum, Trumpet Lily, Florist's Calla, Garden Calla, Arum Lily) Scientific Name: Zantedeschia aethiopica Family: Araceae 58. Cape Jasmine (Gardenia ) Scientific Name: Gardenia jasminoides Family: Rubiaceae 59. Cardboard Palm (cycads and zamias) Scientific Name: Zamia furfuracea Family: Cycadaceae 60. Cardinal Flower (Lobelia, Indian Pink ) Scientific Name: Lobelia cardinalis Family: Campanulaceae 61. Carnation (Pinks, Wild Carnation, Sweet William ) Scientific Name: Dianthus caryophyllus Family: Caryophyllaceae 62. Castor Bean Plant (Castor Oil Plant, Mole Bean Plant, African Wonder Tree, Castor Bean ) Scientific Name: Ricinus communis Family: Euphorbiaceae 63. Ceriman (Cutleaf Philodendron, Hurricane Plant, Swiss Cheese Plant, Mexican Breadfruit ) Scientific Name: Monstera deliciosa Family: Araceae 64. Chamomile (Manzanilla, Garden Chamomile, Roman Chamomile, True Chamomile, Corn Feverfew, Barnyard Daisy, Ground-apple, Turkey-weed ) Scientific Name: Anthemis nobilis Family: Compositae 65. Chandelier Plant (Mother-In-Law-Plant, Kalanchoe, Devils Backbone, Mother of Millions ) Scientific Name: Kalanchoe tubiflora Family: Crassulaceae 66. Charming Dieffenbachia Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia amoena Family: Araceae 67. Cherry Scientific Name: Prunus species Family: Rosaceae 68. Chinaberry Tree (Bead Tree, China Ball Tree, Paradise Tree, Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Japanese Bead Tree, Texas Umbrella Tree, Pride-of-India) Scientific Name: Melia azedarach Family: Meliaceae 69. Chinese Evergreen Scientific Name: Aglaonema modestrum Family: Araceae 70. Chinese Jade (Silver Jade Plant, Silver Dollar ) Scientific Name: Crassula arborescens Family: Crassulaceae Page 5 of 19

6 71. Christmas Rose (Hellebore, Lenten Rose, Easter Rose ) Scientific Name: Helleborus niger Family: Ranunculaceae 72. Chrysanthemum (Daisy, Mum; many varieties ) Scientific Name: Chrysanthemum spp. Family: Compositae 73. Clematis (Virgin?s Bower, Leatherflower ) Scientific Name: Clematis sp. Family: Ranunculaceae 74. Climbing Bittersweet (Bittersweet, Waxwork, Shrubby Bittersweet, False Bittersweet, Climbing Bittersweet, American Bittersweet) Scientific Name: Celastrus scandens Family: Celastraceae 75. Climbing Lily (Gloriosa Lily, Glory Lily, Superb Lily ) Scientific Name: Gloriosa superba Family: Liliaceae 76. Climbing Nightshade (European Bittersweet, Deadly Nightshade, Violet Bloom, Blue Nightshade, Soda Apple, Poisonous Nightshade, Felonwort, Devil's Apple, Scarlet Berry, Woody Nightshade, Blue Blindweed ) Scientific Name: Solanum dulcamara Family: Solanaceae 77. Clivia Lily (Kaffir Lily, Clivies, Caffre Lily, Cape Clivia, Klivia ) Scientific Name: Clivia sp. (Clivia nobilis) Family: Amaryllidaceae 78. Coffee Tree (Wild Coffee, Geranium-Leaf Aralia ) Scientific Name: Polyscias guilfoylei (Aralia guilfoyei) Family: Araliaceae 79. Coleus (Indian Borage, Bread and Butter Plant, Spanish Thyme, East Indian Thyme, Stinging Thyme, Country Boarage; many others ) Scientific Name: Coleus ampoinicus Family: Labiatae 80. Common Privet (Privet, Amur, Wax-leaf ) Scientific Name: Ligustrum vulgare Family: Oleaceae 81. Coontie Palm (Sago Palm, Cardboard Palm, cycads and zamias) Scientific Name: Zamia pumila Family: Cycadaceae 82. Cordatum (Fiddle-Leaf, Horsehead Philodendron, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Saddle Leaf ) Scientific Name: Philodendron oxycardium Family: Araceae 83. Corn Plant (Corn Plant, Cornstalk Plant, Dracaena, Dragon Tree, Ribbon Plant ) Scientific Name: Dracaena fragrans Family: Agavaceae 84. Cornstalk Plant (Corn Plant, Dracaena, Dragon Tree, Ribbon Plant ) Scientific Name: Dracaena fragrans Family: Agavaceae 85. Cow parsnip (Giant Hogweed ) Scientific Name: Heracleum maximum Family: Apiaceae 86. Cowbane (Water Hemlock, Poison Parsnip ) Scientific Name: Cicuta species Family: Apiaceae 87. Cuckoo-pint (Arum, Lord-and-Ladies, Adam-and-Eve, Starch Root, Bobbins, Wake Robin) Scientific Name: Arum maculatum Family: Araceae 88. Cutleaf Philodendron (Hurricane Plant, Swiss Cheese Plant, Ceriman, Mexican Breadfruit, Split-leaf Philodendron, Window Leaf Plant ) Scientific Name: Monstera deliciosa Family: Araceae 89. Cycads (Sago Palm, Fern Palm ) Scientific Name: Cycas and Zamia species Family: Cycadaceae 90. Cyclamen (Sowbread ) Scientific Name: Cyclamen spp Family: Primulaceae 91. Daffodil (Narcissus, Jonquil, Paper White ) Scientific Name: Narcissus spp Family: Amaryllidaceae 92. Dahlia (Many varieties ) Scientific Name: Dahlia species Family: Compositae 93. Daisy (Chrysanthemum, Mum ) Scientific Name: Chrysanthemum species Family: Compositae Page 6 of 19

7 94. Deadly Nightshade (Nightshade, Black Nightshade, European Bittersweet, Climbing Nightshade ) Scientific Name: Solanum spp Family: Solanaceae 95. Desert Azalea (Desert Rose, Mock Azalea, Sabi Star, Impala Lily, Kudu Lily ) Scientific Name: Adenium obesum Family: Apocynaceae 96. Desert Rose (Desert Azalea, Mock Azalea, Sabi Star, Impala Lily, Kudu Lily ) Scientific Name: Adenium obesum Family: Apocynaceae 97. Devil's Backbone (Mother-In-Law-Plant, Kalanchoe, Chandelier Plant, Mother of Millions ) Scientific Name: Kalanchoe tubiflora Family: Crassulaceae 98. Devils Ivy (Pothos, Golden Pothos, Taro Vine, Ivy Arum ) Scientific Name: Epipremnum aureum Family: Araceae 99. Dieffenbachia (Charming Dieffenbachia, Giant Dumb Cane, Tropic Snow, Dumbcane, Exotica, Spotted Dumb Cane, Exotica Perfection ) Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia Family: Araceae 100. Dock (Sorrel ) Scientific Name: Rumex sp. Family: Polygonaceae 101. Dog Daisy (Dog Fennel) Scientific Name: Achillea millefolium Family: Compositae 102. Dog Hobble (Dog Laurel, Fetter Bush, Black Laurel ) Scientific Name: Leucothoe sp. Family: Ericaceae 103. Dogbane Hemp (Bitterroot, Indian Hemp ) Scientific Name: Apocynum Family: Apocynaceae 104. Dracaena (Corn Plant, Cornstalk Plant, Dragon Tree, Ribbon Plant ) Scientific Name: Dracaena spp. Family: Agavaceae 105. Dumbcane (Charming Dieffenbachia, Giant Dumb Cane, Tropic Snow, Exotica, Spotted Dumb Cane, Exotica Perfection, Dieffenbachia ) Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia Family: Araceae 106. Dwarf Poinciana (Barbados Pride, Peacock Flower) Scientific Name: Caesalpinia pulcherrima Family: Fabaceae 107. Easter Rose (Hellebore, Christmas Rose, Lenten Rose ) Scientific Name: Helleborus niger Family: Ranunculaceae 108. Elephant Ears (Caladium, Malanga) Scientific Name: Colocasia esculenta Family: Araceae 109. Elephant Ears (Caladium, Taro, Pai, Ape, Cape, Via, Via sori, Malanga ) Scientific Name: Caladium hortulanum Family: Araceae 110. Emerald Feather (Emerald Fern, Asparagus, Asparagus fern, Sprengeri fern, Plumosa fern, Lace fern, Racemose asparagus, Shatavari ) Scientific Name: Asparagus densiflorus Family: Liliaceae 111. English Holly (European Holly, Oregon Holly, Inkberry, Winterberry, American Holly ) Scientific Name: Ilex aquifolium Family: Aquifoliaceae 112. English Ivy (Branching Ivy, Glacier Ivy, Needlepoint Ivy, Sweetheart Ivy, California Ivy ) Scientific Name: Hedera helix Family: Araliaceae 113. English Yew (Western Yew, Pacific Yew, Japanese Yew, Anglo-Japanese Yew ) Scientific Name: Taxus baccata Family: Taxaceae 114. Eucalyptus (Many cultivars ) Scientific Name: Eucalyptus species Family: Myrtaceae 115. European Bittersweet (Climbing Nightshade, Deadly Nightshade ) Scientific Name: Solanum dulcamara Family: Solanaceae 116. European Holly (European Holly, Oregon Holly, Inkberry, Winterberry, American Holly, English Holly) Scientific Name: Ilex aquifolium Family: Aquifoliaceae Page 7 of 19

8 117. Everlasting Pea (Sweet Pea, Perennial Pea ) Scientific Name: Lathyrus latifolius Family: Fabaceae 118. Exotica (Charming Dieffenbachia, Giant Dumb Cane, Tropic Snow, Dumbcane, Spotted Dumb Cane, Exotica Perfection, Dieffenbachia ) Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia amoena Family: Araceae 119. False Bittersweet (American Bittersweet) Scientific Name: Celastrus scandens Family: Celastraceae 120. False Queen Anne?s Lace (Bishop's Weed, Greater Ammi ) Scientific Name: Ammi majus Family: Apiaceae 121. Feather Geranium (Jerusalem Oak, Ambrosia Mexicana ) Scientific Name: Ambrosia mexicana Family: Chenopodiaceae 122. Fern Palm (Sago Palm, Cycads ) Scientific Name: Cycas species Family: Cycadaceae 123. Fetter Bush (Dog Laurel, Dog Hobble, Black Laurel ) Scientific Name: Leucothoe sp. Family: Ericaceae 124. Fetterbush (Staggerberry, Maleberry ) Scientific Name: Lyonia sp. Family: Ericaceae 125. Fiddle-Leaf (Horsehead Philodendron, Cordatum, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Saddle Leaf ) Scientific Name: Philodendron bipennifolium Family: Araceae 126. Fig (Weeping Fig, Indian Rubber Plant ) Scientific Name: Ficus benjamina Family: Moraceae 127. Figwort (Buttercup, Butter Cress, Burwort, Crowfoot burwort ) Scientific Name: Ranunculus acris Family: Ranunculaceae 128. Fire Lily ( Amaryllis, Barbados Lily, Lily of the Palace, Ridderstjerne) Scientific Name: Hippeastrum spp. Family: Amaryllidaceae 129. Flag (Iris, Snake Lily, Water Flag ) Scientific Name: Iris species Family: Iridaceae 130. Flamingo Flower (Flamingo Lily, Tail Flower, Oilcloth Flower, Pigtail Plant, Painter's Pallet ) Scientific Name: Anthurium scherzeranum Family: Araceae 131. Fleabane (Showy Daisy, Horseweed, Seaside Daisy ) Scientific Name: Erigeron speciosus Family: Asteraceae 132. Florida Beauty (Gold Dust Dracaena, Spotted Dracaena ) Scientific Name: Dracaena surculosa Family: Cannaceae 133. Florist's Calla (Calla Lily, Pig Lily, White Arum, Trumpet Lily, Arum Lily, Garden Calla, Arum Lily) Scientific Name: Zantedeschia aethiopica Family: Araceae 134. Foxglove Scientific Name: Digitalis purpurea Family: Scrophalariaceae 135. Franciscan Rain Tree (Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, Lady-of-the-Night, Morning-Noon-and-Night, Kiss- Me-Quick ) Scientific Name: Brunfelsia species Family: Solanaceae 136. Garden Calla (Calla Lily, Pig Lily, White Arum, Trumpet Lily, Florist's Calla, Arum Lily) Scientific Name: Zantedeschia aethiopica Family: Araceae 137. Garden Chamomile (Chamomile, Ground Apple, Roman Chamomile) Scientific Name: Anthemis nobilis Family: Asteraceae 138. Garden Hyacinth (Hyacinth ) Scientific Name: Hyacinthus orientalis Family: Liliaceae 139. Gardenia (Cape Jasmine ) Scientific Name: Gardenia jasminoides Family: Rubiaceae 140. Garlic (Stinking Rose, Rustic Treacle, Comphor of the Poor, Nectar of the Gods, Serpet Garlic, Rocambole ) Scientific Name: Allium sativum Family: Liliaceae 141. Geranium (Many cultivars ) Scientific Name: Pelargonium species Family: Geraniaceae Page 8 of 19

9 142. Geranium-Leaf Aralia (Wild Coffee, Coffee Tree) Scientific Name: Polyscias guilfoylei (Aralia guilfoyei) Family: Araliaceae 143. Giant Dracaena (Palm Lily, Grass Palm) Scientific Name: Cordyline australis Family: Agavaceae 144. Giant Dumb Cane (Charming Dieffenbachia, Tropic Snow, Dumbcane, Exotica, Spotted Dumb Cane, Exotica Perfection, Dieffenbachia) Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia amoena Family: Araceae 145. Giant Hogweed (Cow Parsnip) Scientific Name: Heracleum maximum Family: Apiaceae 146. Glacier Ivy (English Ivy, Branching Ivy, Needlepoint Ivy, Sweetheart Ivy, California Ivy ) Scientific Name: Hedera helix Family: Araliaceae 147. Gladiola (Many cultivars ) Scientific Name: Gladiolus species Family: Iridaceae 148. Gloriosa Lily (Glory Lily, Climbing Lily, Superb Lily ) Scientific Name: Gloriosa superba Family: Liliaceae 149. Gold Dieffenbachia Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia picta Family: Araceae 150. Gold Dust Dracaena (Florida Beauty) Scientific Name: Dracaena surculosa Family: Agavaceae 151. Golden Birds Nest (Snake Plant, Mother-in-Law?s Tongue, Good Luck Plant ) Scientific Name: Sansevieria trifasciata Family: Agavaceae 152. Golden Pothos (Pothos, Devil's Ivy, Taro Vine, Ivy Arum ) Scientific Name: Epipremnum aureum Family: Araceae 153. Golden Ragwort (Ragwort) Scientific Name: Senecio species Family: Compositae 154. Good Luck Plant (Shamrock Plant, Sorrel ) Scientific Name: Oxalis spp. Family: 155. Grapefruit Scientific Name: Citrus paradisii Family: Rutaceae 156. Grass Palm (Giant Dracaena, Palm Lily) Scientific Name: Cordyline australis Family: Agavaceae 157. Greater Ammi (Bishop's Weed, False Queen Anne's Lace ) Scientific Name: Ammi majus Family: Apiaceae 158. Green Gold Naphthysis (Nephthytis, Arrow-Head Vine ) Scientific Name: Syngonium podophyllum Family: Araceae 159. Ground Apple (Chamomile, Garden Chamomile, Roman Chamomile) Scientific Name: Anthemis nobilis Family: Asteraceae 160. Groundsel (Ragwort, Senecio ) Scientific Name: Senecio species Family: Compositae 161. Hahn's Self Branching English Ivy (Branching Ivy, Glacier Ivy, Needlepoint Ivy, Sweetheart Ivy, California Ivy, English Ivy) Scientific Name: Hedera helix Family: Araliaceae 162. Hashish (Marijuana, Indian Hemp) Scientific Name: Cannabis sativa Family: Cannabaceae 163. Hawaiian Ti (Snake Plant, Giant Dracaena) Scientific Name: Giant Dracaena Family: Agavaceae 164. Heartleaf Philodendron (Horsehead Philodendron, Cordatum, Fiddle-Leaf, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Saddle Leaf ) Scientific Name: Philodendron bipennifolium Family: Araceae 165. Heavenly Bamboo (Sacred Bamboo, Nandina) Scientific Name: Nandina domestica Family: Berberidaceae 166. Hellebore (Christmas Rose, Lenten Rose, Easter Rose ) Scientific Name: Helleborus niger Family: Ranunculaceae Page 9 of 19

10 167. Hercules' Club (Angelica Tree, Devil's Walking Stick, Prickly Ash, Prickly Elder) Scientific Name: Aralia spinosa Family: Araliaceae 168. Hibiscus (Rose of Sharon, Rose of China) Scientific Name: Hibiscus syriacus Family: Malvaceae 169. Hills of Snow (Hydrangea, Hortensia, Seven Bark) Scientific Name: Hydrangea arborescens Family: Hydrangeaceae 170. Holly (English Holly, European Holly, Oregon Holly, Inkberry, Winterberry, American Holly) Scientific Name: Ilex opaca Family: Aquifoliaceae 171. Hops Scientific Name: Humulus lupulus Family: Cannabidaceae 172. Horse Chestnut (Buckeye) Scientific Name: Aesculus glabra Family: Hippocastanaceae 173. Horsehead Philodendron (Fiddle-Leaf, Cordatum, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Saddle Leaf ) Scientific Name: Philodendron bipennifolium Family: Araceae 174. Horseweed (Showy Daisy, Fleabane, Seaside Daisy ) Scientific Name: Erigeron speciosus Family: Asteraceae 175. Hortensia (Hydrangea, Hills of Snow, Seven Bark) Scientific Name: Hydrangea arborescens Family: Hydrangeaceae 176. Hosta (Plantain Lily, Funkia) Scientific Name: Hosta plataginea Family: Liliaceae 177. House Pine (Australian Pine, Norfolk Pine, Norfolk Island Pine) Scientific Name: Araucaria heterophylla Family: Auraucariaceae 178. Hurricane Plant (Cutleaf Philodendron, Swiss Cheese Plant, Ceriman, Mexican Breadfruit) Scientific Name: Monstera deliciosa Family: Araceae 179. Hyacinth Scientific Name: Hyacinthus orientalis Family: Liliaceae 180. Hydrangea (Hortensia, Hills of Snow, Seven Bark) Scientific Name: Hydrangea arborescens Family: Hydrangeaceae 181. Impala Lily (Desert Rose, Mock Azalea, Sabi Star, Desert Azalea, Kudu Lily) Scientific Name: Adenium obesum Family: Apocynaceae 182. Indian Apple (Mayapple, Indian Apple Root, Umbrella Leaf, Wild Lemon, Hog Apple, Duck's Foot, Raccoonberry, American Mandrake) Scientific Name: Podophyllum peltatum Family: Berberidaceae 183. Indian Borage (Bread and Butter Plant, Spanish Thyme, Coleus, Maratha, Militini, East Indian Thyme ) Scientific Name: Coleus ampoinicus Family: Labiatae 184. Indian Hemp (Dogbane Hemp, Bitter Root ) Scientific Name: Apocynum androsaemifolium Family: Apocynaceae 185. Indian Hemp (Marijuana, Hashish) Scientific Name: Cannabis sativa Family: Cannabaceae 186. Indian Pink (Lobelia, Cardinal Flower) Scientific Name: Lobelia cardinalis Family: Campanulaceae 187. Indian Rubber Plant (Fig, Weeping Fig) Scientific Name: Ficus benjamina Family: Moraceae 188. Inkberry (English Holly, European Holly, Oregon Holly, American Holly, Winterberry) Scientific Name: Ilex opaca Family: Aquifoliaceae 189. Iris (Flag, Snake Lily, Water Flag ) Scientific Name: Iris species Family: Iridaceae 190. Ivy Arum (Pothos, Golden Pothos, Taro Vine, Devil's Ivy) Scientific Name: Epipremnum aureum Family: Araceae Page 10 of 19

11 191. Jack-in-the-pulpit (Three-leaved indian turnip, Devil's dear, Wake robin, Starch wort, Wild turnip, Dragon root, Bog onion, Pepper turnip, Brown dragon, Memory root) Scientific Name: Arisaema triphyllum Family: Araceae 192. Jade Plant (Baby Jade, Dwarf rubber plant, Jade tree, Chinese rubber plant, Japanese rubber plant ) Scientific Name: Crassula argentea Family: Crassulaceae 193. Japanese Yew (English Yew, Western Yew, Pacific Yew, Anglo-Japanese Yew ) Scientific Name: Taxus sp. Family: Taxaceae 194. Jerusalem Cherry ( Natal cherry, Winter cherry ) Scientific Name: Solanum pseudocapsicum Family: Solanaceae 195. Jerusalem Oak (Feather Geranium, Ambrosia Mexicana ) Scientific Name: Ambrosia mexicana Family: Chenopodiaceae 196. Jonquil (Daffodil, Narcissus, Paper White ) Scientific Name: Narcissus jonquilla Family: Amaryllidaceae 197. Kaffir Lily (Clivia Lily ) Scientific Name: Clivia minata Family: Amaryllidaceae 198. Kalanchoe (Mother-In-Law-Plant, Devils Backbone, Chandelier Plant, Mother of Millions ) Scientific Name: Kalanchoe spp Family: Crassulaceae 199. Kiss-me-quick (Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, Lady-of-the-Night, Morning-Noon-and-Night, Fransiscan Rain Tree) Scientific Name: Brunfelsia species Family: Solanaceae 200. Klamath Weed ( St. John's Wort ) Scientific Name: Hypericum perforatum Family: Clusiaceae 201. Kudu Lily (Desert Azalea, Mock Azalea, Sabi Star, Impala Lily, Desert Rose) Scientific Name: Adenium obesum Family: Apocynaceae 202. Lace Fern (Asparagus, Emerald Feather, Emerald Fern, Sprengeri Fern, Plumosa Fern, Asparagus Fern, Racemose Asparagus, Shatavari) Scientific Name: Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri (Asparagus setaceus) Family: Liliaceae 203. Lacy Tree Philodendron Scientific Name: Philodendron selloum Family: Araceae 204. Lady-of-the-night (Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, Kiss-Me-Quick, Morning-Noon-and-Night, Fransiscan Rain Tree) Scientific Name: Brunfelsia species Family: Solanaceae 205. Lantana (Shrub Verbena, Yellow Sage, Red Sage ) Scientific Name: Lantana camara Family: Verbenaceae 206. Larkspur Scientific Name: Delphinium species Family: Ranunculaceae 207. Laurel (Mountain laurel, Spoonwood, Mountain Ivy, Calico Bush, Ivy Bush ) Scientific Name: Kalmia latifolia Family: Ericaceae 208. Leatherflower (Clematis, Virgin's Bower ) Scientific Name: Clematis sp. Family: Ranunculaceae 209. Leek (Elephant Garlic ) Scientific Name: Allium ampeloprasum Family: Liliaceae 210. Lemon Scientific Name: Citrus limonia Family: Rutaceae 211. Lenten Rose (Hellebore, Christmas Rose, Easter Rose ) Scientific Name: Helleborus niger Family: Ranunculaceae 212. Lily of the Palace (Amaryllis, Fire Lily, Barbados Lily, Ridderstjerne) Scientific Name: Hippeastrum spp. Family: Amaryllidaceae 213. Lily of the Valley Scientific Name: Convalaria majalis Family: Liliaceae Page 11 of 19

12 214. Lily-of-the-Valley Bush (Andromeda Japonica, Pieris ) Scientific Name: Pieris japonica Family: Ericaceae 215. Lime Scientific Name: Citrus aurantifolia Family: Rutaceae 216. Lobelia (Cardinal Flower, Indian Pink ) Scientific Name: Lobelia cardinalis Family: Campanulaceae 217. Locust Scientific Name: Robinia species Family: Mimosaceae 218. Lord-and-Ladies (Arum, Wake Robin, Adam-and-Eve, Starch Root, Bobbins, Cuckoo Plant) Scientific Name: Arum maculatum Family: Araceae 219. Macadamia Nut (Australia Nut, Queensland Nut) Scientific Name: Macadamia integrifolia Family: Proteaceae 220. Madagascar Dragon Tree Scientific Name: Dracaena marginata Family: Agavaceae 221. Maidens Breath (Baby's Breath) Scientific Name: Gypsophila elegans Family: Caryophyllaceae 222. Malanga (Caladium, Elephant's Ears) Scientific Name: Colocasia esculenta Family: Araceae 223. Maleberry (Staggerbush, Fetterbush ) Scientific Name: Lyonia sp. Family: Ericaceae 224. Marble Queen (Golden Pothos) Scientific Name: Scindapsus aureus Family: Araceae 225. Marijuana (Indian Hemp, Hashish) Scientific Name: Cannabis sativa Family: Cannabaceae 226. Mauna Loa Peace Lily (Peace Lily) Scientific Name: Spathiphyllum Family: Araceae 227. Mayapple (Indian Apple Root, Umbrella Leaf, Wild Lemon, Hog Apple, Duck's Foot, Raccoonberry, American Mandrake) Scientific Name: Podophyllum peltatum Family: Berberidaceae 228. Mayweed (Poison Daisy, Stinking Chamomile) Scientific Name: Anthemis cotula Family: Asteraceae 229. Meadow Saffron (Autumn Crocus) Scientific Name: Colchicum autumnale Family: Liliaceae 230. Medicine Plant (Aloe, True Aloe, Barbados Aloe) Scientific Name: Family: Aloaceae 231. Mexican Breadfruit (Cutleaf Philodendron, Hurricane Plant, Swiss Cheese Plant, Ceriman, Split-leaf Philodendron, Window Leaf Plant) Scientific Name: Monstera deliciosa Family: Araceae 232. Milfoil (Yarrow) Scientific Name: Achillea millefolium Family: Asteraceae 233. Milkweed Scientific Name: Asclepias species Family: Asclepiadaceae 234. Mistletoe "American" (American Mistletoe) Scientific Name: Phoradendron flavescens Family: Viscaceae 235. Mock Azalea (Desert Rose, Desert Azalea, Sabi Star, Impala Lily, Kudu Lily) Scientific Name: Adenium obesum Family: Apocynaceae 236. Mole Bean Plant Scientific Name: Ricinus communis Family: Euphobiaceae 237. Morning Glory Scientific Name: Ipomoea spp Family: Convolvulaceae 238. Morning-Noon-and-Night (Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, Kiss-Me-Quick, Lady-of-the-Night, Fransiscan Rain Tree) Scientific Name: Brunfelsia species Family: Solanaceae 239. Moss Rose (Wild Portulaca, Rock Moss, Purslane, Pigwee, Pusley) Scientific Name: Portulaca oleracea Family: Portulacaceae 240. Mother of Millions (Mother-In-Law-Plant, Kalanchoe, Devils Backbone, Chandelier Plant) Scientific Name: Kalanchoe tubiflora Family: Crassulaceae 241. Mother-in-Law Scientific Name: Monstera deliciosa Family: Araceae Page 12 of 19

13 242. Mother-In-Law Plant (Mother of Millions, Kalanchoe, Devils Backbone, Chandelier Plant) Scientific Name: Kalanchoe tubiflora Family: Crassulaceae 243. Mother-in-Law?s Tongue (Snake Plant, Golden Bird's Nest, Good Luck Plant ) Scientific Name: Sansevieria trifasciata Family: Agavaceae 244. Mum (Chrysanthemum, Daisy) Scientific Name: Chrysanthemum spp. Family: Compositae 245. Naked Lady Scientific Name: Amaryllis belladonna L. Family: Amaryllidaceae 246. Nandina (Sacred Bamboo, Heavenly Bamboo) Scientific Name: Nandina domestica Family: Berberidaceae 247. Narcissus (Daffodil, Jonquil, Paper White) Scientific Name: Narcissus spp Family: Amaryllidaceae 248. Needlepoint Ivy (Branching Ivy, Glacier Ivy, English Ivy, Sweetheart Ivy, California Ivy) Scientific Name: Hedera helix Family: Araliaceae 249. Nephthytis (Arrow-Head Vine, Green Gold Naphthysis, African Evergreen, Trileaf Wonder) Scientific Name: Syngonium podophyllum Family: Araceae 250. Nicotiana (Tree Tobacco, Tobacco, Mustard Tree) Scientific Name: Nicotiana glauca Family: Solanaceae 251. Nightshade (Deadly Nightshade, Black Nightshade) Scientific Name: Solanum spp Family: Solanaceae 252. Norfolk Island Pine (Norfolk Pine, House Pine, Australian Pine) Scientific Name: Araucaria heterophylla Family: Araucariaceae 253. Octopus Tree (Schefflera, Umbrella Tree, Australian Ivy Palm, Starleaf) Scientific Name: Schefflera or Brassia actinoplylla Family: Araliaceae 254. Oilcloth Flower (Flamingo Plant, Flamingo Lily, Tail Flower, Pigtail Plant, Flamingo Flower, Painter's Pallet) Scientific Name: Anthurium scherzeranum Family: Araceae 255. Oleander (Rose-Bay) Scientific Name: Nerium oleander Family: Apocynaceae 256. Onion Scientific Name: Allium cepa Family: Liliaceae 257. Orange Scientific Name: Citrus sinensis Family: Rutaceae 258. Oregon Holly (English Holly, European Holly, Inkberry, American Holly, Winterberry) Scientific Name: Ilex opaca Family: Aquifoliaceae 259. Ornamental Pepper (Natal Cherry, Winter Cherry, Jerusalem Cherry ) Scientific Name: Solanum pseudocapsicum Family: Solanaceae 260. Pacific Yew (English Yew, Western Yew, Japanese Yew, Anglo-Japanese Yew) Scientific Name: Taxus brevifolia Family: Taxaceae 261. Painter's Pallette (Flamingo Plant, Flamingo Lily, Tail Flower, Oilcloth Flower, Pigtail Plant, Flamingo Flower) Scientific Name: Anthurium scherzeranum Family: Araceae 262. Palm Lily (Giant Dracaena, Grass palm) Scientific Name: Cordyline australis Family: Agavaceae 263. Panda Plant (Horsehead Philodendron, Cordatum, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Saddle Leaf, Fiddle-leaf) Scientific Name: Philodendron bipennifolium Family: Araceae 264. Paper White (Daffodil, Jonquil, Narcissus) Scientific Name: Narcissus spp Family: Amaryllidaceae 265. Paraguayan Jasmine (Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, Lady-of-the-Night, Morning-Noon-and-Night, Kiss- Me-Quick, Fransiscan Rain Tree) Scientific Name: Brunfelsia species Family: Solanaceae Page 13 of 19

14 266. Peace Lily ( Mauna Loa Peace Lily) Scientific Name: Spathiphyllum Family: Araceae 267. Peach ( Plum, Apricot, Cherry) Scientific Name: Prunus species Family: Rosaceae 268. Peacock Flower (Barbados Pride, Dwarf Poinciana) Scientific Name: Caesalpinia pulcherrima Family: Fabaceae 269. Pencil Cactus (Crown of Thorns) Scientific Name: Euphorbia milii Family: Euphorbiaceae 270. Peony Scientific Name: Paeonis officinalis Family: Paeniaceae 271. Perennial Pea (Sweet Pea, Everlasting Pea ) Scientific Name: Lathyrus latifolius Family: Fabaceae 272. Periwinkle (Running Myrtle. Vinca) Scientific Name: Vinca rosea Family: Apocynaceae 273. Philodendron Pertusum Scientific Name: Philodendron spp Family: Araceae 274. Pie Plant (Rhubarb) Scientific Name: Rheum rhabarbarium Family: Polygonaceae 275. Pieris (Lily-of-the-Valley Bush, Andromeda Japonica, Fetterbush) Scientific Name: Pieris japonica Family: Ericaceae 276. Pig Lily (Calla Lily, Arum Lily, White Arum, Trumpet Lily, Florist's Calla, Garden Calla) Scientific Name: Zantedeschia aethiopica Family: Araceae 277. Pigtail Plant (Flamingo Plant, Flamingo Lily, Tail Flower, Oilcloth Flower, Painter's Pallet, Flamingo Flower) Scientific Name: Anthurium scherzeranum Family: Araceae 278. Pinks (Carnation, Wild Carnation, Sweet William ) Scientific Name: Dianthus caryophyllus Family: Caryophyllaceae 279. Plantain Lily (Hosta) Scientific Name: Hosta plantaginea Family: Liliaceae 280. Plum (similar plants: apricot, peach, cherry) Scientific Name: Prunus species Family: Rosaceae 281. Plumosa Fern (Asparagus, Emerald Feather, Emerald Fern, Sprengeri Fern, Asparagus Fern, Lace Fern, Racemose Asparagus, Shatavari) Scientific Name: Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri (Asparagus setaceus) Family: Liliaceae 282. Poinciana (Peacock Flower, Bird of Paradise, Barbados Pride, Pride of Barbados) Scientific Name: Poinciana gilliesii Family: Leguminosae 283. Poinsettia Scientific Name: Euphorbia pulcherrima Family: Euphorbiaceae 284. Poison Daisy (Mayweed, Stinking Chamomile) Scientific Name: Anthemis cotula Family: Asteraceae 285. Poison Hemlock (Poison Parsley, Spotted Hemlock, Winter Fern, California Fern, Nebraska Fern, Deadly Hemlock ) Scientific Name: Conium maculatum Family: Umbelliferae 286. Poison Parsnip (water hemlock, cowbane) Scientific Name: Cicuta maculata Family: Apiaceae 287. Portulaca (Wild Portulaca, Rock Moss, Purslane, Pigwee, Pusley, Moss Rose) Scientific Name: Portulaca oleracea Family: Portulacaceae 288. Pothos (Golden Pothos, Devil's Ivy, Taro Vine, Ivy Arum ) Scientific Name: Epipremnum aureum Family: Araceae 289. Prayer Bean (Rosary Pea, Buddhist rosary bead, Indian Bead, Indian Licorice, Love Bean, Lucky Bean, Seminole Bead, Weather Plant ) Scientific Name: Abrus precatorius Family: Leguminosae 290. Precatory Bean (Rosary Pea, Buddhist rosary bead, Indian Bead, Indian Licorice, Love Bean, Lucky Bean, Seminole Bead, Weather Plant, Prayer Bean) Scientific Name: Abrus precatorius Family: Leguminosae Page 14 of 19

15 291. Pride-of-India (China Ball Tree, Paradise Tree, Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Japanese Bead Tree, Texas Umbrella Tree, Bead Tree, Chinaberry Tree ) Scientific Name: Melia azedarach Family: Meliaceae 292. Primrose Scientific Name: Primula vulgaris Family: Primulaceae 293. Privet (amur, wax-leaf, common privet) Scientific Name: Ligustrum japonicum Family: Oleaceae 294. Purslane (Wild Portulaca, Rock Moss, Portulaca, Pigwee, Pusley, Moss Rose) Scientific Name: Portulaca oleracea Family: Portulacaceae 295. Queensland Nut ( Macadamia Nut, Australia Nut) Scientific Name: Macadamia integrifolia Family: Proteaceae 296. Racemose asparagus (Asparagus, Emerald Feather, Emerald Fern, Sprengeri Fern, Plumosa Fern, Lace Fern, Asparagus Fern, Shatavari) Scientific Name: Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri (Asparagus setaceus) Family: Liliaceae 297. Ragwort (Golden Ragwort) Scientific Name: Senecio species Family: Compositae 298. Ranger's Button (White Heads) Scientific Name: Sphenosciadium capitellatum Family: Apiaceae 299. Red Emerald (Horsehead Philodendron, Cordatum, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Fiddle Leaf, Red Princess, Saddle Leaf ) Scientific Name: Philodendron bipennifolium Family: Araceae 300. Red Maple (Swamp Maple, Scarlet Maple, Curled Maple, Soft Maple ) Scientific Name: Acer rubrum Family: Aceraceae 301. Red Princess (Horsehead Philodendron, Cordatum, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Fiddle Leaf, Red Emerald, Saddle Leaf ) Scientific Name: Philodendron bipennifolium Family: Araceae 302. Red-Marginated Dracaena (straight-marginated dracaena) Scientific Name: Dracaena marginata Family: Agavaceae 303. Rhododendron (Rosebay, Azalea) Scientific Name: Rhododendron spp Family: Ericaceae 304. Rhubarb (Pie Plant) Scientific Name: Rheum rhabarbarium Family: Polygonaceae 305. Ribbon Plant (Corn Plant, Cornstalk Plant, Dracaena, Dragon Tree) Scientific Name: Dracaena spp. Family: Agavaceae 306. Ridderstjerne (Amaryllis, Fire Lily, Lily of the Palace, Barbados Lily) Scientific Name: Hippeastrum spp. Family: Amaryllidaceae 307. Rock Moss (Wild Portulaca, Moss Rose, Purslane, Pigwee, Pusley) Scientific Name: Portulaca oleracea Family: Portulacaceae 308. Roman Chamomile (Chamomile, Garden Chamomile, Ground Apple) Scientific Name: Anthemis nobilis Family: Asteraceae 309. Rose of China (Hibiscus, Rose of Sharon) Scientific Name: Hibiscus syriacus Family: Malvaceae 310. Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus, Rose of China) Scientific Name: Hibiscus syriacus Family: Malvaceae 311. Rosebay (Rhododendron, Azalea) Scientific Name: Rhododendron spp Family: Ericaceae 312. Running Myrtle (Periwinkle, Vinca) Scientific Name: Vinca rosea Family: Apocynaceae 313. Sabi Star (Desert Azalea, Mock Azalea, Desert Rose, Impala Lily, Kudu Lily ) Scientific Name: Adenium obesum Family: Apocynaceae Page 15 of 19

16 314. Sacred Bamboo (Heavenly Bamboo, Nandina) Scientific Name: Nandina domestica Family: Berberidaceae 315. Saddle Leaf (Horsehead Philodendron, Cordatum, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Split Leaf Philodendron, Fruit Salad Plant, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Fiddle Leaf) Scientific Name: Philodendron bipennifolium Family: Araceae 316. Sago Palm (Coontie Palm, Cardboard Palm, cycads and zamias) Scientific Name: Cycas revoluta, zamia species Family: Cycadaceae 317. Satin Pothos (Silk Pothos) Scientific Name: Scindapsus pictus Family: Araceae 318. Schefflera (Umbrella Tree, Australian Ivy Palm, Octopus Tree, Starleaf ) Scientific Name: Schefflera (Brassaia actinophylla) Family: Araliaceae 319. Seaside Daisy (Showy Daisy, Horseweed, Fleabane) Scientific Name: Erigeron speciosus Family: Asteraceae 320. Seven Bark (Hydrangea, Hortensia, Hills of Snow) Scientific Name: Hydrangea arborescens Family: Hydrangeaceae 321. Shamrock Plant (Good Luck Plant, Sorrel ) Scientific Name: Oxalis spp. Family: 322. Shatavari (Asparagus, Emerald Feather, Emerald Fern, Sprengeri Fern, Plumosa Fern, Lace Fern, Racemose Asparagus) Scientific Name: Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri (Asparagus setaceus) Family: Liliaceae 323. Showy Daisy (Seaside Daisy, Horseweed, Fleabane) Scientific Name: Erigeron speciosus Family: Asteraceae 324. Silver Dollar (Silver Jade Plant, Chinese Jade) Scientific Name: Crassula arborescens Family: Crassulaceae 325. Silver Jade Plant (Chinese Jade, Silver Dollar ) Scientific Name: Crassula arborescens Family: Crassulaceae 326. Skunk Cabbage (Skunk Weed, Polecat Weed, Meadow Cabbage, Swamp Cabbage ) Scientific Name: Symplocarpus foetidus Family: Araceae 327. Snake Lilly (Iris, Flag, Water Flag ) Scientific Name: Iris species Family: Iridaceae 328. Snake Plant (Golden Bird's Nest, Mother-in-Law?s Tongue, Good Luck Plant ) Scientific Name: Sansevieria trifasciata Family: Agavaceae 329. Solomon?s Lily (Black Calla, Wild Calla, Wild Arum ) Scientific Name: Arum palestinum Family: Araceae 330. Sowbread (Cyclamen) Scientific Name: Cyclamen spp Family: Primulaceae 331. Spanish Thyme (Indian Borage, Bread and Butter Plant, Coleus, East Indian Thyme, Stinging Thyme, Country Boarage; many others ) Scientific Name: Coleus ampoinicus Family: Labiatae 332. Spindle Tree (Wahoo, Burning Bush) Scientific Name: Euonymus atropurpurea (Euonymus occidentalis) Family: Celastraceae 333. Split Leaf Philodendron (Horsehead Philodendron, Cordatum, Heartleaf Philodendron, Panda Plant, Fiddle- Leaf, Fruit Salad Plant, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Saddle Leaf ) Scientific Name: Philodendron bipennifolium Family: Araceae 334. Spotted Dumb Cane (Charming Dieffenbachia, Giant Dumb Cane, Tropic Snow, Dumbcane, Exotica, Exotica Perfection, Dieffenbachia ) Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia amoena Family: Araceae Page 16 of 19

17 335. Sprengeri Fern (Asparagus, Emerald Feather, Emerald Fern, Plumosa Fern, Lace Fern, Racemose Asparagus, Shatavari) Scientific Name: Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri (Asparagus setaceus) Family: Liliaceae 336. Spring Parsley Scientific Name: Petroselinum crispum Family: Apiaceae 337. St. John?s Wort (Klamath Weed) Scientific Name: Hypericum perforatum Family: Clusiaceae 338. Staggerbush (Fetterbush, Maleberry ) Scientific Name: Lyonia sp. Family: Ericaceae 339. Starch Root (Arum, Lord-and-Ladies, Adam-and-Eve, Wake Robin, Bobbins, Cuckoo Plant) Scientific Name: Arum maculatum Family: Araceae 340. Starleaf (Schefflera, Umbrella Tree, Octopus Tree, Australian Ivy Palm) Scientific Name: Brassaia actinophylla Family: Araliaceae 341. Stinking Chamomile (Mayweed, Poison Daisy) Scientific Name: Anthemis cotula Family: Asteraceae 342. Straight-Margined Dracaena (red-margined dracaena) Scientific Name: Dracaena marginata Family: Agavaceae 343. Striped Dracaena (warneckii, janet craig plant) Scientific Name: Dracaena deremensis Family: Agavaceae 344. Superb Lily (Glory Lily, Climbing Lily, Gloriosa Lily) Scientific Name: Gloriosa superba Family: Liliaceae 345. Swamp Maple (Red Maple, Scarlet Maple, Curled Maple, Soft Maple ) Scientific Name: Acer rubrum Family: Aceraceae 346. Sweet Pea (Perennial Pea, Everlasting Pea ) Scientific Name: Lathyrus latifolius Family: Fabaceae 347. Sweet William (Carnation, Wild Carnation, Pinks) Scientific Name: Dianthus caryophyllus Family: Caryophyllaceae 348. Sweetheart Ivy (English Ivy, Glacier Ivy, Needlepoint Ivy, Branching Ivy, California Ivy ) Scientific Name: Hedera helix Family: Araliaceae 349. Swiss Cheese Plant (Cutleaf Philodendron, Hurricane Plant, Ceriman, Mexican Breadfruit ) Scientific Name: Monstera deliciosa Family: Araceae 350. Tail Flower (Flamingo Plant, Flamingo Lily, Oilcloth Flower, Pigtail Plant, Painter's Pallet ) Scientific Name: Anthurium scherzeranum Family: Araceae 351. Taro (Caladium, Elephant's Ears, Malanga) Scientific Name: Colocasia esculenta Family: Araceae 352. Taro (Caladium, Elephant Ears, Pai, Ape, Cape, Via, Via sori, Malanga ) Scientific Name: Caladium hortulanum Family: Araceae 353. Taro Vine (Golden Pothos, Devil's Ivy, Devil's Vine, Ivy Arum ) Scientific Name: Epipremnum aureum Family: Araceae 354. Texas Umbrella Tree (China Ball Tree, Paradise Tree, Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Japanese Bead Tree, Bead Tree, Pride-of-India, Chinaberry Tree ) Scientific Name: Melia azedarach Family: Meliaceae 355. Ti-Plant (Baby Doll Ti Plant, Hawaiian Ti Plant) Scientific Name: Cordyline terminalis Family: Agavaceae 356. Tobacco (Tree Tobacco, Nicotiana, Mustard Tree) Scientific Name: Nicotiana glauca Family: Solanaceae 357. Tomato Plant Scientific Name: Lycopersicon spp Family: Solanaceae Page 17 of 19

18 358. Tree Philodendron Scientific Name: Philodendron selloum Family: Araceae 359. Tree Tobacco (Nicotania, Tobacco, Mustard Tree) Scientific Name: Nicotiana glauca Family: Solanaceae 360. Tropic Snow (Charming Dieffenbachia, Giant Dumb Cane, Dumbcane, Exotica, Exotica Perfection, Dieffenbachia ) Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia amoena Family: Araceae 361. True Aloe (Medicine Plant, Aloe, Barbados Aloe) Scientific Name: Aloe barbadensis Family: Aloaceae 362. Trumpet Lily (Calla Lily, Pig Lily, White Arum, Arum Lily, Florist's Calla, Garden Calla, Arum Lily) Scientific Name: Zantedeschia aethiopica Family: Araceae 363. Tulip Scientific Name: Tulipa species Family: Liliaceae 364. Umbrella Leaf (Indian Apple Root, American Mandrake, Wild Lemon, Hog Apple, Duck's Foot, Raccoonberry, American Mandrake) Scientific Name: Podophyllum peltatum Family: Berberidaceae 365. Umbrella Tree (Schefflera, Australian Ivy Palm, Octopus Tree, Starleaf) Scientific Name: Brassaia actinophylla Family: Araliaceae 366. Variable Dieffenbachia Scientific Name: Dieffenbachia picta Family: Araceae 367. Variegated Philodendron Scientific Name: Scindapsus, Philodendron spp Family: Araceae 368. Vinca (Periwinkle, Running Myrtle) Scientific Name: Vinca rosea Family: Apocynaceae 369. Virgin's Bower (Clematis, Leatherflower) Scientific Name: Clematis sp. Family: Ranunculaceae 370. Wahoo (Burning Bush, Spindle Tree ) Scientific Name: Euonymus occidentalis (Euonymus atropurpurea) Family: Celastraceae 371. Wake Robin (Arum, Lord-and-Ladies, Adam-and-Eve, Starch Root, Bobbins, Cuckoo Plant) Scientific Name: Arum maculatum Family: Araceae 372. Warneckei Dracaena (Striped Dracaena, Janet Craig Plant) Scientific Name: Dracaena deremensis Family: Agavaceae 373. Water Flag (Iris, Snake Lily, Flag) Scientific Name: Iris species Family: Iridaceae 374. Water Hemlock (cowbane, poison parsnip) Scientific Name: Cicuta maculata Family: Apiaceae 375. Water Hyacinth Scientific Name: Eichhornia crassipes Family: Pontederiaceae 376. Wax-Leaf (privet, amur, common privet) Scientific Name: Ligustrum japonicum Family: Oleaceae 377. Weeping Fig (fig, indian rubber plant) Scientific Name: Ficus sp. Family: Moraceae 378. Western Yew (English Yew, Pacific Yew, Japanese Yew, Anglo-Japanese Yew ) Scientific Name: Taxus brevifolia Family: Taxaceae 379. White Heads (Ranger's Button) Scientific Name: Sphenosciadium capitellatum Family: Apiaceae 380. Wild Arum (Black Calla, Wild Calla, Solomon's Lily) Scientific Name: Arum palestinum Family: Araceae 381. Wild Calla (Black Calla, Wild Arum, Solomon's Lily) Scientific Name: Arum palestinum Family: Araceae 382. Wild Carnation (Carnation, Sweet William, Pinks) Scientific Name: Dianthus caryophyllus Family: Caryophyllaceae 383. Wild Coffee (Geranium-Leaf Aralia, Coffee Tree) Scientific Name: Polyscias guilfoylei (Aralia guilfoyei) Family: Araliaceae Page 18 of 19