2007 Michigan Grass Variety Trials Report Richard Leep 1 and Timothy Dietz 2 December 1, 2007

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1 2007 Michigan Grass Variety Trials Report Richard Leep 1 and Dietz 2 December 1, 2007 Comments on the 2007 Growing Season Michigan weather, once again, presented challenges to many producers. Hard frost in mid-april resulted in damage on newly emerged shoots and foliage in established stands and delayed planting activities for several crops statewide. This late frost resulted in lower first cutting yields for most forage producers in Michigan. The south-central portion of the state received excess rainfall in May and early-june, which resulted in increased levels root rot diseases, reduced effectiveness of herbicides, and stand loss in poorly drained areas. Most of the state experienced dry conditions beginning in July and continuing until mid-august. Northern areas of the state received below-average rainfall from late-april to September. The northwest region was the hardest-hit, where for some producers; a single cutting of hay was all that was obtained. Forage variety trial yields were lower than normal statewide. Growing season precipitation amounts are presented for each location in Table 1. Grass variety trials are seeded with a Carter Nursery seeder in plot lengths of 15 ft. or more at a width of 3 or 6 ft into a conventionally prepared seedbed. Species evaluated include: brome, Perennial ryegrass, hybrid ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, festulolium, orchardgrass, timothy, Kentucky bluegrass and. Weeds are controlled with herbicide when necessary and soil tests are taken and amendments are made annually. Hay trials, both annual and perennial (East Lansing, location 2) are harvested when leaf lengths of 12+ inches or just prior to boot stage, and grazing trials (Lake City, location 1) are harvested at 8+inches using Angus steers. Grazing trials (plots are mowed following grazing events if grass residual heights are greater than 6 inches. Nitrogen is applied in the form of urea (early spring) or ammonium sulfate at a rate of 50 lbs of actual N/acre at green-up and following each harvest. Palatability ratings (a visual rating of preference based on consumption by beef cattle) are reported for Lake City on a scale of 1 to 5 (5= >80% of plot consumed). The 2007 annual ryegrass trial was seeded in East Lansing on Apr. 24 and the perennial grass trial was seeded on May 7. The Kentucky bluegrass block of the perennial variety trial was reseeded Oct. 5 due to poor stands. Lake City (44.35 N) in Central Northern Lower Michigan Lake City (location 1) is 130 miles north of East Lansing and has colder winters than East Lansing and less snow than Chatham. Trials here are managed as intensively grazed pastures with nitrogen fertilizer applications at green-up and following grazing events. Persistence under livestock hoof pressures and repeated, close-grazing events are monitored. Trials at Lake City 1 Forage Agronomist, Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State Univ. 2 Research Assistant, Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State Univ.

2 are usually grazed three to four times per year. Visual assessments of animal preference among the cultivars in the trials are made following grazing events are presented along with yield data in tables 2 and 3 for the 2005 and 2006 seedings. East Lansing (42.72 N) in Southern Lower Michigan Five hay grass variety trials (4 perennial & 1 annual) were harvested at East Lansing in southern lower-michigan (location 2). East Lansing trials are located at the Crop and Soil Sciences Agronomy Farm. Four cuttings are normally obtained from the grass trials at this location. Grass plots are blocked by species and an entire block is harvested at the same time so maturity will vary; however, the goal is to harvest in the boot stage. The 2007 perennial trial was harvested three times (table 7) and annual variety trial was harvest four times (table 8). Yield data are reported in tables 4-6 for established perennial trials. Statistics Data are analyzed using PROC GLM or MIXED in SAS v. 8.2 software (Cary, NC). Means and Fischer s Least Significant Difference (LSD) are reported at the bottom of each column. The LSD is used to compare values within a column and is the minimum difference between two values for a real difference to exist. The alpha level for the LSD in these trials was 0.05 or 5%, which means, we are 95% certain that values differing by more than the LSD are not due to chance. Table Precipitation (inches) Lake City East Lansing Normal* 2007 dev Normal* 2007 dev Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Total *30 yr ave.

3 Table Lake City Perennial Grass Variety Trial Missaukee Co., Michigan Sown Aug yr Preference Species /Marketer Cultivar 1-Jun 28-Jun 13-Aug Total Total Total 1 to 5** Brome public VNS DLF International AC Knowles Bentgrass public turf-type Putter Rose-Agriseed, Inc PST ORAF Michigan State Seed Solutions Sierra Michigan State Seed Solutions Herbie Fraser Seeds CNS Pennington Seed Advance MaxQ FFR Cooperative OG Mean CV% LSD (0.05) Lake City Experiment Station Design: RCB, plot size 3 x 24' 15-Aug-05 Nester Sandy loam Fertilizer: 120 lbs/a at green up, 200 lbs/a after cuts 2 and 3 **Visual Rating 1-5 with 5 = % of plot consumed, 4=60-80%, 3=40-60%, 2=20-40%, 1=0-20% 95% certain that values which are separated by a number greater than the LSD are statistically different

4 Table Lake City Perennial Grass Variety Trial Missaukee Co., Michigan Sown July Preference Species /Marketer Cultivar 1-Jun 28-Jun 13-Aug 22-Oct Total 1 to 5** Standish Milling Bounty American Grass Seed Producers Ambrosia Columbia Seed/Seed Res. of OR Harvestar Standish Milling Extend Columbia Seed Verano Michigan State Seed Solutions Eurostar Reed canary Standish Milling Marathon public Chiefton Standish Milling Enhance American Grass Seed Producers Verdant Allied Seed Summit Allied Seed Crest public Climax Mean CV% LSD (0.05) Lake City Experiment Station Design: RCB, plot size 3 x 24' 24-Jul-06 Nester Sandy loam Fertilizer: 120 lbs/a at green up, 200 lbs/a after cuts 2 and 3 **Visual Rating 1-5 with 5 = % of plot consumed, 4=60-80%, 3=40-60%, 2=20-40%, 1=0-20% 95% certain that values which are separated by a number greater than the LSD are statistically different

5 Table East Lansing Perennial Grass Variety Trial Ingham Co., Michigan Sown April yr Species /Marketer Cultivar cut 1 cut 2 cut 3 Total Total Total Total Total Kentucky Bluegrass Public Common Jacklin Seed/JR Simplot Co. Troy II Proseeds Marketing, Inc. Shiloh II DLF International Seeds Ambassador Seed Res. of Oregon/Mich. State Seed Impuls Seed Research of OR/Columbia Seeds Harvestar Seed Res. of Oregon/Mich. State Seed Altius (4n) Seed Res. of Oregon/Mich. State Seed Herbie (2n) Columbia Seeds Full Throttle II (2n) AgResearch Limited AGRFA Pickseed West Festival DLF International Seeds Dolina DLF International Seeds Tundra Mean CV% LSD (0.05) Mich. State Univ. Exp. Station, East Lansing Design: RCB, plot size 3 x 24 (3 x 21 harvested) 16-Apr-04 Capac loam, tile drainage Fertilizer: 150 lbs of N/A (50 lbs/a following emergence, 50 lbs/a after cut 1 and 2)

6 Table East Lansing Perennial Grass Variety Trial Ingham Co., Michigan Sown April yr Species /Marketer Cultivar cut 1 cut 2 cut 3 cut 4 Total Total Total Bentgrass Rose Agri-Seed, Inc. PST-ORAF (turf-type) Putter Brome Ampac Seed Company RAD-BIX Columbia RAD-BI Public VNS Columbia Seed/Seed Research of OR Elgon (4n) Seed Research of OR Proton (4n) DLF International Seed Respect (2n) Michigan State Seed Solutions Herbie (2n) Mich. State Seed/Lewis Seed Co. Sierra (2n) Seed Research of OR Laguna (2n) Seed Research of OR Captain (2n) Michigan State Seed Solutions Fawn Rose Agri-Seed, Inc. PST-5NF Fraser Seed CNS Michigan State Seed Solutions Talon AMPAC Seed Company Tuuka Mean CV% LSD (0.05) Mich. State Univ. Exp. Station, East Lansing Design: RCB, plot size 3 x 24 (3 x 21 harvested) 19-Apr-05 Capac loam, tile drainage Fertilizer: 150 lbs of N/A (50 lbs/a prior to cut 1, and after cuts 1-3)

7 Table East Lansing Perennial Grass Variety Trial Ingham Co., Michigan Sown April yr Species /Marketer Cultivar cut 1 cut 2 cut 3 cut 4 Total Total Total Standish Milling Extend Standish Milling Bounty Columbia Seed/Seed Res. of OR Harvestar DLF International Seed IS-OG American Grass Seed Producers Ambrosia Ag Research, LTD AGRDG Standish Milling Boost (2n) Lewis Seed Quartermaster (4n) Cropmark LP2005GA (4n) Michigan State Seed Solutions Eurostar (2n) Columbia Seed Verano (4n) Standish Milling Enhance American Grass Seed Producers Verdant Various sources Fawn Reed Canary Standish Milling Marathon Michigan State Seed Solutions Chiefton Allied Seed Crest Allied Seed Summit Michigan State Seed Solutions Climax Mean CV% LSD (0.05) Mich. State Univ. Exp. Station, East Lansing Design: RCB, plot size 3 x 25 (3 x 22 harvested) 21-Apr-06 Capac loam, tile drainage Fertilizer: 150 lbs of N/A (50 lbs/a following emergence, 50 lbs/a after cuts 1-3)

8 Table East Lansing, MI Perennial Grass Variety Trial Yield (DM tons/a) Sown May 2007, 2007 Species /Marketer Cultivar cut 1 cut 2 cut 3 Total Festulolium Allied Seed Gain Rose Agri-Seed, Inc. Spring Green, organic AMPAC Seed AMOG Rose Agri-Seed, Inc. Megabite ProSeeds Marketing Warrior II Rose Agri-Seed, Inc. Elsie public Potomac Allied Seed OG0203G Columbia Seed/Seed Res. of OR OG0204G Cropmark Seeds LP2006DA (4n) Barenbrug Barsprinter (2n) AMPAC Seed AMPOW4n (4n) Czech Republic Korok (4n) Barenbrug BG34 (blend) AgResearch, LTD KLp401 (4n) Barenbrug Remington (4n) AgResearch, LTD KLp507 (4n) Cropmark Seeds LP2005GA (4n) ProSeeds Marketing Noria Rose Agri-Seed, Inc. Cowgirl Barenbrug BarElite Columbia Seed/Seed Res. of OR TFO203G Meadow/hybrid brome DLF International AC Knowles Columbia Seed/Seed Res. of OR Montana public Climax Barenbrug Barpenta Barenbrug Barfleo Mean CV% LSD (0.05) Mich. State Univ. Exp. Station, East Lansing Design: RCB, plot size 3 x 25 (3 x 22 harvested) Seeded/ 5/7/2007 / Capac loam, tile drainage Fertilizer: 68 lbs of N/A PPI & 50 lbs N /A following cut 2 Kent. bluegrass was reseeded and Bentgrass was not harvested for yield due to low stand density

9 Table Annual Ryegrass Variety Trial East Lansing, MI Sown April Breeder/Marketer Entry 18-Jun 3-Jul 13-Sep 12-Nov Total CP% ADF% NDF% average Cropmark LM5005B (4n) Allied Seed Nibbio (2n) Ampac Seed AM4n (4n) Allied Seed DH-3 (2n) DLF International MO-1 (2n) Allied Seed Malmi (4n) Allied Seed Bellem (2n) Vladimir Cernoch Lotrando (4n) Allied Seed Livictory (4n) American Grass Seed Producers TA (4n) American Grass Seed Producers Ocala (2n) Allied Seed Ligrande (2n) Mean CV% LSD (0.05) Mich. State Univ. Exp. Station, East Lansing Design: RCB, plot size 3 x 25' (3 x 22' harvested) 24-Apr-07 Capac, tile drainage Fertility: 68 lbs of N/A PPI & 50 lbs N /A following cut 2 & 3