Selection for nutritional quality in faba bean

Transcription

1 Selection for nutritional quality faba bean Duc G. Cubero J.I. (ed.), Saxena M.C. (ed.). Present status future prospects faba bean production improvement the Mediterranean countries Zaragoza : CIHEAM Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n pages Article available on le / Article disponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Duc G. Selection for nutritional quality faba bean. In : Cubero J.I. (ed.), Saxena M.C. (ed.). Present status future prospects faba bean production improvement the Mediterranean countries. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, p (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n. 10)

2 Selectionfornutritionalquality fababean G. DUC INRA, STATION DE GENETIQUE ET BV 1540, DIJON CÉDEX, FRANCE - Genetic is allowg to build Vicia faba genotypes with contents, contents with levels such as tanns, vice convice. with will the quality faba bean to meet the needs by the - Sélection pour qualité nutrionnelle chez la féverole. La variabilité génétique disponible chez Vicia faba permet de disposer de génotypes à teneurs en protées et teneurs en amidon très dirérentes et avec des niveaux zéro pour les facteurs antutritionnels majeurs que sont les tans et la vice-convice. ajoutant les effets génétiques et ceux de la technologie dustrielle, on est aujourd hui en mesure de fournir les utilisateurs de graes de féverole en un produit de bonne qualité. l have been feedg animals with faba bean stead soybean. The have been confusg sce the the followg the ults is - The specific animal species - The faba bean the diet - The absence amo-acid supplementation the diet - The the feed (thickness dehullg, - The genotype faba bean. scale feedg which used faba bean supplemented with amoacids can be as follows: faba bean can be upto 10% piglets fatteng pigs diets. can be fatteng pigs when usg dehulled faba bean seeds Gatel, 1988) to 3900 kcal/kg faba bean 3450 to 3850 kcal/kg faba 1984). Faecal digestibility close to 74% ín tann-contag to 80% tan- 1984). diet, faba upto 20-30%, but it cannot be than 5% layg hens metabolisable gave values 3092 faba bean 2887 kcal/kg faba bean (Lacassagne, 1988). digestibility can be letg (Lacassagne et al., 1988) by communication). tannis (82.6%) than tann-contag (68.2%)(Lacassagne et al., 1988). bull-calves diet, 2 kg faba bean seed can efficiently 1 kg soybean meal the feed 1988) it is a question to be if can be used equivalently to tann-contag ones. The ma contaed the seed tanns, vice convice. These have been chemically et al., 1977; 1989b) have to have deleteeffects, vice convice on layg hens have, to the genetic quality it imp- Options - - n.o : Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

3 Prote content to obtaed it has been shown that this genetic Vicia faba has a high means that it can be but the dem faba bean is te content stability. This last must be considby the who should the level X genotype effects on seed content his selections. must be that genetic content is among faba bean than it is pea consequently, this will be added to the coefficient due to content faba bean seeds, did not give us figwhat obtaed legume but the consequence such coefficients is when it absolute values. Consequently, amoacids does not at the moment than synthesis. may be an objective which the genetics may efficient than classical Carbohydrates When to pea, the chemical (Colonna 1981) cell wall constituents et al., 1983) faba bean is not much With Vicia faba, genetic has been shown contents et al., 1988) which should have an effect on the value the The possible benefit a aimg at the quality availability must be evaluated agast the benefit esses such as (Carré, communication), which could make digestible. Prote quality Faba bean seed, as many legume seeds, is deficient amo-acids. content by seems difficult sce coefficient exists between content the content dividual amo-acids (Sjöd et al., 1981b). This fact can expla the some to effect content legume/vicile (legume contas twice as much amoacids as vicile) (Sjöd et al., 1981b). Table 1. Antutritional factors the associated genetic variability Vicia faba genetic total content Sjöd et al. (1981a) et al. (1981a) genetic comuosition Tanns et al. (1988) et al. (1977) Sjöd et al. (1981a) (1986) Glucosides et al. (1981) Bjerget al. (1985) et al. (1989) Antutritional factors etic 1) the associated genhave been studied Vicia faba (Table feedg conducted on layg hens et al., 1981a; et al., 1984), the ma seem to be tanns two glucosides (vice convice). These two glucosides also believed to be causg favism some genetically susceptible humans consumg faba bean. which elimates tanns, is an technology to convice mostable these causative agents by is difficult. g has been placed on these two types antuwith success. Tanns Two genes which code absence tanns the seed coat have been found These genes block synthesis anthocyan anthocyan s give to plants. Consequently, the F, genotypes is easy. Some (Loon et al., 1989; 1987) justify the conclusion that the disease faba bean depends on the genetic that genotypes with adequate levels disease can be seedlg establish- Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

4 with some these genotypes alleviated by fungicidal Some now available national listed. An to genotypes is the low tann contents such as those (1986). Jay is vestigatg at the Lyon the genetic the composition tanns a collection genotypes. A knowledge the tive effect tann be the Glucosides Genetic vice convice content usg technique has been shown On a collection 919 genotypes, contuous vice i- convice content 0.41 to 1.50% seed et al., 1989). No significant was found between the contents the two glucosides. this contuous etic component, thus openg possibilities g, convice content seeds et al., 1989). The genetic studies have shown that this monogenic additive with This gene convice contents also the genetic now available vice convice content, we have not yet detected any this with seed (seed size, content, tann content) plant less, disease susceptibility). The development a necessitates technique to be used F, tance technique, which has been evaluated this can only by half the tions F, et al., 1989). Some has to be made on this pot. Conclusion Genetic quality is Vicia faba species. The content genotypes can be developed content. We at the optimistic conclusion that, will fullfil the needs exthe faba bean seeds animal feed. The faba bean quality human food limited seed size seed Cookgquality is an low glucosides content faba bean mal feedg will have positive effect as well. References ani- The value ten lies faba beans (Vicia faba L.) to content constituents quality. 101 : J., OLSEN, O. SO- (1986): quality to constituents faba bean (Vicia faba L.). The effect vice, convice dopa diet fed Z. 51: (Vicia faba L.). O., Quantitative analysis vice convice content seeds Vicia faba 99:l-26. Field (1984): et azotée le de types de ou en tans. en cotyledon cell sativum, Vicia faba Glyce max. tann content Vicia faba L. J. Sci. Camb C. (1981): sativum Vicia faba J. Food Sci V. (1989): genetic vice convice content Vicia faba L. A a gene which codes J., Wagengen, The F. GATEL, F. (1989): Utilisation les Atout LACASSAGNE, L. (1988): Alimentation des volailles: substituts au de soja. Anim. 1: beans (Vicia faba L.) by young chicks: effects pelletg feeds on digestibility. Animal Feed Science Technology LOON, J.J.A. van, A. van. Vicia faba L. disease advances Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens

5 Atout cones - divice legume seeds J., Wagengen, The ( les convice Toxicants agly- effects tanns, vice convice advances antut legume seeds J., van eds.). Wagengen, The J. absence de tans dans les de (Vicia faba L.). Ann. tes W.J., F.W. G.G. (1981): Effect genotype on vice convice levels faba beans (Vicia faba mor). J. Sci. Food 32:l-8. J., Selection substances field bean (Vicia faba L.). Z J., T. (1981b): Selection quality field bean (Vicia faba L.). Z J. Condensed tanns bean seeds: chemical effect on J. Sci. Food lons. F. (1988): Utilisation les Atout Serie A: Semaires mediterraneens