Chickpea breeding in Spain

Transcription

1 Chickpea breedg Spa Cubero J.I., Gil J., Moreno M.T. Saxena M.C. (ed.), Cubero J.I. (ed.), Wery J. (ed.). Present status and future prospects chickpea crop production and improvement the Mediterranean countries Zaragoza : CIHEAM Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n pages Article available on le / Article disponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Cubero J.I., Gil J., Moreno M.T. Chickpea breedg Spa. In : Saxena M.C. (ed.), Cubero J.I. (ed.), Wery J. (ed.). Present status and future prospects chickpea crop production and improvement the Mediterranean countries. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, p (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Sémaires Méditerranéens; n. 9)

2 Chickpea breedg Spa J.I. CUBERO* M.T. J. GIL* *DEPARTAMENTO DE GENETICA, ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRONOMOS, APDO. 3048, CORDOBA, SPAIN "DEPARTAMENTO DE MEJORA Y AGRONOMIA, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO AGRARIO, APDO. 240, CORDOBA, SPAIN - thii on quatitative genetics, cludg yield and seed quality components, as well as Cicer arietum as and biological pot ones such as an - "La sélection du pois chiche en La sélection du pois chiche commença à il y a environ trente ans, puis se poursuivit à Cordoue avons réalisé des études de génétique quantitative sur les composantes du rendement et de la qualité des semences, asi que des études sur l'évolution de en tant qu'espèce cultivée. Quatre cultivars ont été scrits au catalogue, deux d'entre-eux provenant de populations espagnoles, et les deux autres de lignées De nouveam cultivars issus de croisements entre des lignées provenant de ou de sont en cours de sélection. Le flétrissement, la pourriture des races et les virus semblent être les prcipaux facteurs biologiques limitant leur rendement. Cependant, les facteurs les plus importants à l'orige du décl de la superficie cultivée en pois chiche sont d'orige non biologique: importation de pois chiche mexica, migration de la population rurale vers les villes, etc. L'utilisation du pois chiche pour animale devrait permettre renouveau de cette culture. Introduction Chickpea is the second most cultivated vulgaris L.) beg the one. Fig. 1 showsboth the unceasgly this with a lowest value about 85,000-90,000 ha havg been the last few has been constant with a small tendency to 2 shows the ma chickpea Spa between 1967 and The a tion the can easily be causes explag this situation can be mentioned. Amongst these, chickpea These aspects justify the most typical chickpea Spa have poted to this as the most causg a chickpea cultivation Table 1 shows the these tions to the national A second non-technical must be mentioned. the sixties, the any on legumes based on the low soybean at that time the Options - - n.o :

3 Table 1. Spanish chickpea trade ( metric tons). National Fig. 1. Evolution arietum Spa. Cicer When both the and the soybean 1973 only one was on legumes the whole The attempts to on pulses at the national level began 1979 when not only most the had dis- and mataed by and on by his colleagues till 1970 had been abandoned lost. Fally, to complete the on the fluence non-technical on the chickpea tion Spa, the the population to and coastal must also be These still active, had peak some ago whenmost the gettg quickly abandoned. Chickpea, especially animal feedg, had been a typical these although opion, these have not been decisive explag the steady decle the chickpea cultivated Ascochytu blight ly the limitg chickpea the sixties fungicides & 2450 A ola1 area ha Fig (A) and

4 pea cultivated was to the most suitable lands its Fusarium spp. associated fungi such as spp. etc) causes diseases. the only solution and was, and still is, quite a bit active beg canied out on this subject. The chickpeas has a second kd on these diseases is not attacked as ten as tional attack can become a seem to be the only solution. Among sects, (Lyriomiza cicera) to be a Bruchus was a pest, but its is now Heliothis spp., etc) Low yields have also been advocated as one the ma to expla the pulses, chickpeas Of low yield is only the a lack the technology. Simply by usg systems cultivation, some havebeen able to double yields, even with The use chickpeas can give the sown The lack adequate to cause low yield and if is the cause the cultivated chickpea this will have to be quickly and effectively to. that as it may, the situation chickpeas Spacan be as follows: the cultivated its tional value; chickpeas animal feedg; chickpeas human consumption has and excellent quality is demanded has high values; chickpeas is because high yields an4 tion adequate animal feed; limitg an the cultivated chickpea is the chickpea which a technical pot view is unjustified. Past and present chickpea breedg Systematic was the late fifties, led a on this and food legumes the collections established expeditions g the The ma limitg yield chickpeas human consumption as well as animal feedg set up. A notable was devoted to Ascochyta blight 1985, 1981). was disbanded at the end the sixties. A small collection as well as a the whole was by to was only 1975 the who had noticed the economic good quality chickpeas human consumption. The at that time caused by Fzlsarium spp.as the ma at least southwest Spa 1975, 1980). Even though only a small collection to the had been kept, some les showed The possibility ade- quate techniques was also poted out. look- Fusarium spp. The on Fusarium spp. has been with was its phytopathological aspects. 1978, followg nections with conditions and focal pot Spa the new chickpea technology, developed by the Food Legume Some the best les as own on followed by Lopez- has so been the only one chickpea Spa small team Seville. Achievements chickpea breedg lack adequate fancial till Sce then, have been the lack physical facilities f-season advancement a to hasten the development and the lack staff assigned to chickpea on a A fast students cluded has not helped The studies and achievements can be sumas follows: A) Genetics. The methods (diallel As many as quantitative analytical scalg test). the

5 found was additive 1985; and 1978; Gonzalez, 1979; et al., 1979; Gonzalez et al., 1985). content andacid was also studied by usg Additive was still the most component total (Gonzalez et. al., 1985; 1988). The chickpea to O and 5 Fusarium oxysporum, the most ones the Valley, is beg studied colwith Quality such as cookability, ability, and and content, also beg studied. The genetic both seed and has shown to be complex. These will be connection with seed quality B) Systematics and evolution. studies on a set 150 chosen a the collection. The explag mos the both seed and pod size. Two macrosperma and microsperma, subsequently defed with the cultigen. the genetic between the quatitative genetics some and the to and possible evolution as a cultivated species analyzed 1985; 1978). to studied byusg les and botanical to be only a consequence genotypes, and was to both and botanical et al., 1979). C) cultivars. As a consequence the and evaluation collections and selections with the best accessions tion. Two these sowg, 72 and 200 les. 72 (Snooty) has shown excellent is an excellent because its habit as by the Spanish a it will be many second les, combg its to cold and to Ascochyta blight. les used 687 and.tg as Fusarium New les multiplication and on way to The oldandnew chickpeas must now be tested a jot ficial the Andaluza de This agency is the chickpeas and is a The future Even if the chickpeas human consumption does not stop, the chickpea cultivated could to old losses if chickpeas used animal feedg. this entails two difficulties: the Spanish animal feed is mostly based on soybean meal even though not acceptg chickpeas. Secondly, and to the no significant chickpea animal feedg Spa; giventhe animal feedg and human consumption fold on the occassionally even five fold), to sow chickpeas animal feedg. these kds chickpeas could be sown chickpeas human consumption quality. Even the chickpeas belts, could sow the animal feedg they found high yields. We on this idea, even though its success on an adequate policy and on a good extension than on the plant On technical will have the challenge makg the chickpea yields competitive with and stabilize them at that level by to wilt and complexes A way to tions the will ease the not only because its ga time but also because would be students willg to on the genetic chickpeas. References Ag. 28: rubiei on the chickpea (C. urietum) Spa. on gs Nene, Y.L. Chickpeas (Saxena. m5tico en Cicer arietum on and Sgh, on chickpea Spa. on chickpeas Spa. (1985): 13: 36. de

6 et a la qualité dans le c. ariefum L. (m), Spa. tll~n L. Euphytica 27: (1964): La to C. rabiei evestigacion de arietimnl 27: Cicer arietum L. de Spa. Cicerarie L