2018/2019 Season Spray Policy

Transcription

1 2018/2019 Season Spray Policy IMPORTANT: Do not use fungicides containing iprodione August 2018 IMPORTANT: Unless otherwise stated, all herbicides now have a minimum 30 day winery restriction on use. To record and submit your vineyard spray records use: viticentral.accoladewines.com

2 Contents Your viticultural team... 4 Chemical restrictions this season... 6 Insecticide use... 6 Residue testing program... 6 Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs)... 6 Record your chemical use in VitiCentral... 6 What growth stage?... 7 Calibration records... 7 Sprayed after your final spray?... 7 Made a mistake?... 7 SAFEGRAPES... 7 Grapevine growth stages... 8 Re-entry Periods... 9 Maximum Residue Limits Vintage Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/ Fungicides Insecticides Herbicides do not use any herbicides within 30 days before harvest Fungicide Resistance Management Strategies Off-target spray drift Good Agricultural Practice Guide Chemical Storage Residue Testing Selection Process Flow Property Inspection Checklist Grape variety abbreviations Determining the Concentration Factor (CF) Accolade Wines gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by Marcel Essling of The Australian Wine Research Institute in the preparation of this spray diary. Much of the information in the diary was taken from the booklet, Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 18/19: a must for grape growers and winemakers exporting wine, published by The Australian Wine Research Institute and compiled by Marcel Essling and Anne Lord. 2

3 6 August, 2018 Dear Grower, As predicted last October, the European Union has taken steps to cancel the registration of any fungicide containing iprodione (for example, Aquaflow, Chief, Corvette, Rovral). In addition, the EU has significantly reduced the maximum residue limit for iprodione. In effect this means that any use of iprodione in the vineyard could result in residues being detected in the wine. For this reason Accolade Wines will no longer permit the use of any fungicide containing iprodione. WHAT SHOULD I DO WITH IPRODIONE I HAVE IN THE SHED? If you have unopened containers, take them back to where you bought them. Your local pesticide reseller may also be able to assist in supplying contacts for local redistribution. Alternatively, you can dispose of iprodione fungicides via a Chem Clear or Chem Collect in your region. Please contact your local council to find out dates for the next collection. Over the past few weeks, the computer boffins at Accolade have been busy making improvements to the VitiCentral website. These changes have been in response to suggestions from growers and will be rolled out in the coming months. Increasingly, Accolade s customers are demanding detailed information regarding the chemicals used in the production of our wines, and the best way to collate that data is via the VitiCentral website. I realise that some growers may not have access to the internet, or have trouble with computers. If you are one of these growers, don t be concerned just call your local Viticulturist (listed on pages 4 and 5) and they will work out a solution for you. Each new season brings with it a change to the restrictions placed on the use of chemicals, and the maximum residue limits that Accolade Wines will permit in grapes. It is therefore essential that you read this 2018/2019 Season Spray Policy, and if you have any questions, call your local Viticulturist. Finally, if you have any issue that you feel cannot be addressed by your Regional Viticulture Manager or Viticulturist, I invite you to contact me on or via alex.sas@accoladewines.com. All the best for a rewarding season. Alex Sas Chief Viticulturist 3

4 Your viticultural team For support please contact your local Viticulturist: RIVERLAND VITICULTURAL TEAM Accolade Wines Riverland Viticultural Technical Officers Peter Szabo Viticultural Technical Officer office (08) mobile Jarrod Thorpe Viticultural Technical Officer office (08) mobile Stephen Winnall Regional Viticulturist Riverland & Sunraysia office (08) mobile Leeann Delaine Viticulture Secretary office (08) fax (08) Postal Address: Berri Estates Winery PO Box 238, Berri SA 5343 CCW Co-operative Limited Viticultural Officers Ian Macrae Senior Viticultural Officer office (08) mobile fax (08) Ashley Lipman Viticultural Officer mobile Voula Zois Executive Secretary/Office Administrator office (08) fax (08) Postal Address: CCW Co-operative Limited PO Box 236, Barmera SA 5343 SUNRAYSIA VITICULTURE Lachlan Simpson Viticultural Technical Officer office (03) mobile Heather Alderton Viticulture Secretary office (03) fax (03) Postal Address: Accolade Wines Australia Stanley Wines PO Box 3, Buronga NSW 2739 WA VITICULTURAL TEAM Rhys Thomas Western Australia Regional Viticulturist office (08) mobile Steve Kirby Viticulturist Margaret River office (08) mobile Caroline Ammerlaan Viticulture Administrator office (08) fax (08) Postal Address: Accolade Wines PO Box 180, Cowaramup, WA 6284 ST HALLETT VITICULTURAL TEAM Chris Rogers Viticulturist/Grower Liaison office (08) mobile fax (08) Postal Address: St Hallett Winery PO Box 120, Tanunda SA

5 CLARE VALLEY VITICULTURAL TEAM Mike Harms Viticulturist office (08) mobile Postal Address: Petaluma PO Box 396, Woodside SA 5244 James Arnold Vineyard Manager office (08) mobile Postal Address: PO Box 57, Clare SA 5453 GRANT BURGE WINES VITICULTURAL TEAM Rodney Birchmore Grower Viticulturist Barossa and Eden Valley office (08) mobile Adam Steer Viticulturist (Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys & King Valley) office (08) mobile fax (08) Bruna Schultz Production Administrator office (08) Postal Address: Grant Burge Wines Viticulture Department 279 Krondorf Road, Tanunda SA 5352 PETALUMA VITICULTURAL TEAM Mike Harms Viticulturist office (08) mobile Chris Morley Vineyard Manager office (08) mobile Postal Address: Petaluma PO Box 396, Woodside SA 5244 TINTARA VITICULTURAL TEAM Adam Steer Viticulturist - Cool Climate SA office (08) mobile fax (08) adam.steer@accoladewines.com.au Carly Annis Viticultural Assistant Cool Climate SA (Mon & Tues) office (08) fax (08) carly.annis@tintara.com.au Kellie Hudson Viticulture Secretary (Wed, Thurs, Fri) office (08) fax (08) kellie.hudson@tintara.com.au Postal Address: Tintara Winery PO Box 3, McLaren Vale SA 5171 STONIER VITICULTURAL TEAM Luke Buckley Vineyard Manager office (03) mobile fax (03) luke.buckley@stonier.com.au Postal Address: Stonier Wines 2 Thompsons Lane, Merricks Vic BAY OF FIRES & YARRA BURN VITICULTURAL TEAM Craig Callec Vineyard Operations Manager office (08) mobile craig.callec@accoladewines.com Postal Addresses: For all Yarra Valley growers: Accolade Wines Yarra Valley Viticulture Office PO Box 160, Yarra Junction Vic For all Tasmanian growers, other cool regions of Victoria and Tumbarumba: Accolade Wines 40 Baxters Road, Pipers River Tasmania 7252 For all other cool regions of Victoria and New South Wales: Accolade Wines Reynell Road, Reynella SA

6 Chemical restrictions this season Accolade Wines exports wine to more than 60 countries. In order to meet the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by these markets it is necessary to restrict the application of certain chemicals or to avoid their use altogether. These restrictions are listed on pages and must be strictly observed. Please check the Winery Restrictions on Use column as these override any label restrictions. In addition, note that chemicals must not be applied within 30 days of harvest without first obtaining the written approval of an Accolade Wines Viticulturist. If you wish to use a product registered for use on grapevines but it is not listed in this Spray Policy, you must contact your Accolade Wines Viticulturist and obtain their written approval prior to spraying. Insecticide use Indiscriminate insecticide use will upset the ecology of the vineyard, often necessitating additional spraying for other pests previously controlled by predators. Insecticides should never be used as regular preventative sprays, but only to solve a significant problem. If you believe that an insecticide is essential to control an outbreak of pests, please contact your Accolade Wines Viticulturist to discuss the best course of action. Residue testing program Accolade Wines may test your grapes for agrochemical residues to assess compliance with Accolade Wines food safety obligations and the terms of your Grape Sale and Purchase Agreement with Accolade Wines. You will be notified of the results if your grapes are tested. The process for selecting samples for testing is explained on page 27. The cost of a single residue test on a sample of grapes is $126 (ex GST). Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) The Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) on pages 10 and 11 specify the maximum amount of an agrochemical that Accolade Wines permits in grapes. Accolade Wines may take samples of your grapes at the weighbridge or from your vineyard to determine the concentration of an agrochemical. If the assessed concentration is greater than the allowed MRL listed in this Spray Policy, the relevant grapes may be rejected by Accolade Wines as set out in your Grape Sale and Purchase Agreement. Record your chemical use in VitiCentral Use VitiCentral (viticentral.accoladewines.com) to record all chemicals applied to your vineyard. This includes: herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, dyes, nematicides, nutrient sprays, setting sprays, wetting agents, baits and soil applied insecticides and fertilisers. If you need help with VitiCentral, contact your local Viticulturist (their name can be found on page 4 or 5) or VitiCentral@accoladewines.com No diary, no delivery Follow the instructions on VitiCentral to submit your records to the winery. Grapes will not be booked or accepted for delivery to the winery unless your spray diary records establish compliance with this Spray Policy. 6

7 What growth stage? The various stages of grapevine growth are illustrated on page 8. These have been included so that you can record in VitiCentral the growth stage at which the vineyard was sprayed. Select the growth stage that best describes the most advanced stage of growth in the vineyard. Calibration records It is a requirement that you must show you have calibrated each sprayer at least once per year. The calibration should be done prior to the start of the season, and the sprayer settings and calculations should be recorded in VitiCentral (viticentral.accoladewines.com). If you need help with the calibration process, or with entering the data into VitiCentral, contact your local Viticulturist (their name can be found on page 4 or 5). Sprayed after your final spray? In some cases it may be necessary to apply sprays after you have declared your final spray for the season in VitiCentral. In this case you will need to: 1. discuss with your Accolade Wines Viticulturist the need to spray, and obtain their approval 2. record the additional sprays applied in VitiCentral 3. submit the spray record and declare it [click the DECLARE button] within VitiCentral, prior to the delivery of the grapes. Sprays applied after harvest and up until budburst the following season must also be recorded in VitiCentral. Made a mistake? Your spray diary in VitiCentral must be an accurate record of all the sprays you have applied to your vineyard during the season. It is important that you record the actual product you used and the actual chosen rate of the product you have applied. If you later discover that you have applied the wrong chemical, or the wrong rate, you must still record this spray in the diary. If you discover you have made a mistake by using an unregistered product or by applying an incorrect rate of product, contact your Accolade Wines Viticulturist immediately. You will be asked to complete a Corrective Action Request form that will be supplied by Accolade Wines. Your grapes may need to be tested for residues. SAFEGRAPES The SAFEGRAPES Property Inspection Checklist has been included as page 28. Please use this Checklist prior to any property inspection by your Accolade Wines Viticulturist to ensure compliance and reduce the potential for residue testing. 7

8 Shoot and inflorescence development Flowering Berry formation Berry ripening Senescence Grapevine growth stages Select the number that best describes the most advanced stage of growth in the vineyard and record this in the diary. MAJOR STAGES ALL STAGES 1 Winter bud 2 Bud scales opening 3 Woolly bud with/without green showing 4 Budburst 4 Budburst, leaf tips visible 12 Shoots 10cm Inflorescence clear, leaves separated 7 First leaf separated from shoot tip 9 2 to 3 leaves separated; shoots 2-4cm long 11 4 leaves separated 12 5 leaves separated; shoots about 10cm long; inflorescence clear 13 6 leaves separated 14 7 leaves separated 15 8 leaves separated, shoot elongating rapidly; single flowers in compact groups leaves separated leaves separated; inflorescence well developed, single flowers separated 14 leaves separated; flower caps still in place, but cap colour fading from green 19 Flowering begins 19 About 16 leaves separated; beginning of flowering (first flower caps loosening) 20 10% caps off 21 30% caps off 23 Flowering 50% caps off leaves separated; 50% caps off (=flowering) 27 Setting Young berries growing Bunches at right angles to stem 25 80% caps off 26 Cap-fall complete Setting; young berries enlarging (>2mm diam.), bunch at right angles to stem Berries pepper-corn size (4mm diam.); bunches tending downwards 31 Berries pea size Bunches hanging down 31 Berries pea-size (7mm diam.) 35 Véraison Berry softening continues Berry colouring begins 32 Beginning of bunch closure, berries touching if bunches are tight 33 Berries still hard and green 34 Berries begin to soften; sugar starts increasing 35 Berries begin to colour and enlarge 36 Berries with intermediate sugar values 37 Berries not quite ripe 38 Harvest Berries ripe 38 Berries harvest ripe Pearce, I. and Coombe, B.G. (2004). Grapevine phenology. Viticulture. Volume 1 Resources. 2nd Edition, ed. P.R. Dry and B.G. Coombe. Winetitles, Adelaide, p Berries over ripe 41 After harvest; cane maturation complete 43 Beginning of leaf fall 47 End of leaf fall 8

9 Re-entry Periods The re-entry period is the minimum amount of time that must pass between when a pesticide is applied to an area and when that area can be entered without protective clothing and equipment. The re-entry period should not be confused with the label and winery restrictions on use. Re-entry periods are set to protect people from exposure to agrochemicals that can occur by inhalation or skin contact if they enter an area without proper protective equipment. The agrochemical label provides information on the re-entry period and any protective clothing or equipment that must be used if the re-entry period is not met. Different products from the same activity group may have different re-entry requirements. The advice provided in these tables is the most stringent re-entry period for the active constituent. Where the re-entry period specifies a range of days, the shorter period relates to low exposure activities and the longer period to higher exposure activities. Check the label for details. The AWRI is gratefully acknowledged for this re-entry period reference. This advice is intended as a guide. Consult each product label for re-entry period directions. Use Active Constituent(s) Re-entry period Different products from the same activity group may have different re-entry requirements. Check the label for details. Fungicide azoxystrobin 9 to 27 days depending on vineyard activity being performed tebuconazole + azoxystrobin copper sulphate tribasic + mancozeb fluazinam metalaxyl + mancozeb Some old labels may have 6 to 21 days depending on vineyard activity being performed Some products Avior 800 WG, Connect 800 WG Custodia 12 hours Cuprofix Plus 22 days for scouting, pruning, trellis repairs and other low risk activities and 32 days for all other activities 7 day re-entry conditions for high exposure activities and nil for other activities. 15 to 33 days depending on vineyard activity being performed Gem Emblem Max MZ myclobutanil 4 days Mycloss Xtra sulfur + tebuconazole 4 to 23 days depending on vineyard activity being performed Unicorn 745WG tebuconazole 5 days Ultrateb 750 WG Insecticide emamectin 8 hours Proclaim Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum 1 day Green Guard SC, Green Guard ULV Herbicide amitrole + paraquat 5 to 23 days depending on vineyard activity being performed Adjuvants & Wetters Paraglide, Monsoon pendimethalin 12 hours Panida Grande, Panda 435, Stomp* Xtra quizalofop-p-tefuryl 12 hours Pantera Selective, Buzzard Selective orange oil extracts 3-6 days, with 6 days when using canopy sprayers Wetcit, Orosorb 9

10 Maximum Residue Limits Vintage 2019 The table below sets out the maximum amount of agrochemicals that Accolade Wines permits in grapes. This amount is called the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Accolade Wines may take samples of your grapes at the weighbridge and/or from your vineyard to determine the concentration of an agrochemical. If the assessed concentration of an active constituent exceeds the relevant MRL for that constituent (as listed below), the relevant grapes may be rejected in accordance with your Grape Sale and Purchase Agreement.. In addition, the following specifications also apply: residues of herbicides, or of any agrochemical that is not registered for use in viticulture or is not listed below, must not be detected in grapes, or in wine made from the grapes. any residue of copper in grapes arising from the use of copper-based fungicide must not be greater than 0.5 mg/kg. In the MRL table, the abbreviation ND means that no detectable amount of that chemical is permitted in the sample. NA indicates this active is exempt from residues, or typically does not require a MRL, or residues will not be found in normal grape and wine production. MRLs values in bold have changed from last season. Active constituent MRL (mg/kg) Some registered products abamectin ND Voliam Targo ametoctradin ND Zampro amisulbrom ND Amicus Blue Aureobasidium pullulans NA Botector azoxystrobin 0.10 Affix 250 SC, Amistar 250 SC, A-Star 250 SC, Avior 250 SC, Avior 800 WG, Azaka, Azoxystrobin 250, Azoxystrobin 250 SC, Azoxystrobin 500 WG, Connect 800 WG, Custodia, Galoxy 250SC, Kelpie Azoxy 250, Mirador 250 SC, Spartacus 250 SC, Spartacus 500WG, Stellar, Supernova 250SC Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NA Serenade Opti Bacillus thuringiensis NA Bacchus WG, Delfin, DiPel DF buprofezin ND Applaud, Scale & Bug, Strident, Uptown chlorantraniliprole ND Altacor Hort, Voliam Targo chlorothalonil 0.10 Applonil 720, Barrack 720, Barrack Betterstick, Bravo 720, Bond 720, Bravo Weather Stik, Castor 720SC, Castor 900 WG, Cavalry Dry, Cavalry Weatherguard, Cheers 720, Cheers 720 Weathershield, Chlornil 720 SC, Chloro 720, Chloronil Pro, Chlorostar 900 WG, Chlorothalonil, Chlorothalonil 720, Chlorothalonil 900 WG, Chlortan 720, Conan 720, Conan Sticks 720 SC, Echo 720, Echo 900 WDG, Mueso 720, Mueso 900 WG, Mueso Stick 720, Unite 720, Whack 720, Whack 900 WG cyflufenamid ND Flute 50 EW cyproconazole ND Garrison Rapid cyprodinil 0.10 Cyprofludox WG, Missile, Solaris 300 EC, Switch fludioxonil 0.10 Cyprofludox WG, Missile, Switch difenconazole ND Digger dimethomorph 0.05 Acrobat SC, Downright, Sphinx, Zampro dithianon ND Delan 700 WG, Dinon, Dragon 700 WG, Wrath 700WG emamectin ND Energise, Proclaim, Warlock etoxazole ND ParaMite fenarimol ND Rubigan SC fenhexamid 0.10 Teldor 500 SC fenpyrazamine ND Prolectus fluazinam ND Emblem, Gem hydrogen peroxide NA Peracetic acid, Peratec, Peratec PLUS, Peroxy Treat indoxacarb 0.10 Avatar, Persona 300WG, Spymaster 300 WG iodocarb ND Garrison Rapid iron EDTA complex ND Multiguard Snail and Slug Killer 10

11 Maximum Residue Limits Vintage 2019 continued Active constituent dithiocarbamates (from mancozeb) MRL (mg/kg) Some registered products 0.10 Axiom MZ 720, Copman DF, Dithane Rainshield Neo Tec, Fortuna Globe 750WG, Kencozeb 750DF, Mancozeb 750 DF, Mancozeb 750 WG, Mancozeb DF, Manic WG, Mantra 750WG, Manzate DF, Manzeb, Max MZ, Maxyl, Metal-Man MZ 720, Novofix Disperss, Penncozeb 750DF, Ridomil Gold MZ WG, Sinozeb 750 WG, Unizeb Disperss 750 DF, Zeemil MZB 720 WP mandipropamid 0.10 Revus metalaxyl 0.10 Axiom MZ 720, Axiom Plus, Copper Plus, Duplex WG, Max MZ, Maxyl, Metalaxyl + Copper Oxychloride WP, Metal-Man MZ 720, Ridomil Gold MZ WG, Ridomil Gold Plus, Zeemil MZB 720 WP, Zeemil Plus metaldehyde ND Meta (pellets), Metarex Snail and Slug bait, Pestmaster Snail and Slug Pellets, Slug Out (bait), Slugger Slug and Snail Pellets, Snail Trail (pellets) Metarhizium anisopliae NA Green Guard SC, Green Guard SC Premium methoxyfenozide 0.10 Peregrine, Prodigy dithiocarbamates (from metiram) 0.10 Polyram DF metrafenone 0.01 Vivando myclobutanil 0.20 Myclonil WG, Mycloss Xtra oxadixyl ND Rebound WP paraffinic oil NA Bioclear, BioPest, Heavy Paraffinic Dormant Spray Oil, Trump Spray Oil penconazole ND Azotic, Delos, Pearl, Ruby 100EC, Topas 100 EC peroxyacetic acid NA Peracetic acid, Peratec, Peratec PLUS, Peroxy Treat petroleum oil NA All Seasons White Oil, D-C-Tron Plus Spray Oil, Sacoa Summer Spray Oil, Stifle, Vicol Summer Oil, Vicol Winter Oil potassium bicarbonate NA Ecocarb potassium salts of fatty acids NA Ecoprotector dithiocarbamates (from ND Rebound WP propineb) proquinazid ND Talendo pydiflumetofen ND Miravis pyraclostrobin 0.10 Cabrio, Pavo 250 EC, Symbio 250 EC pyrimethanil 0.10 Predict 600 SC, Protector 400SC, Pyrus 400 SC, Scala 400 SC, Scala 600SC pyriofenone ND Kusabi 300 SC quinoxyfen 0.10 Legend, Quinfen250 SC spinetoram ND Delegate spirotetramat ND Movento 240 SC spiroxamine 0.01 Prosper 500 EC tebuconazole 0.10 Buzz Ultra 750 WG, Custodia, Gelseal, Greenseal, Laguna Xtreme 800 WG, Launch, Orius 430 SC, Tebucon 430 SC, Ultrateb 750 WG, Unicorn 745WG, Zolo 430 SC tetraconazole ND Domark 40ME, Mettle 40ME tetradecenyl acetate NA Isomate LBAM Plus Pheromone, MD LBAM Corto, MD LBAM Flex Pheromone, MD LBAM Pheromone tetradecadienyl acetate NA Isomate LBAM Plus Pheromone, MD LBAM Corto, MD LBAM Flex Pheromone, MD LBAM Pheromone dithiocarbamates (from thiram) ND Thiragranz, Thiram 800 WG, Thiram DG triadimefon ND Triadimefon 125 triadimenol ND Allitron, Bayfidan 250 EC, Citadel, Triadimenol 250 EC, Tridim 250 EC Trichoderma harzianum NA Vinevax Bio-Implants, Vinevax Wound Dressing trifloxystrobin 0.02 Flint 500 WG dithiocarbamates (from zineb) ND Zineb dithiocarbamates (from ziram) ND Ziragranz, Ziram DG, Ziram Granuflo, Ziram WG 11

12 Fungicides Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Activity group Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. Black spot metiram M3 Polyram DF Use no later than growth stage 25 thiram M3 Thiragranz, Thiram DG, Thiram 800 WG (80% caps off). ziram M3 Ziragranz, Ziram DG, Ziram Granuflo, Ziram WG chlorothalonil M5 Applonil 720, Barrack 720, Barrack Betterstick, Bond 720, Bravo 720, Bravo Weather Stik, Castor 720SC, Castor 900 WG, Cavalry Dry, Cavalry Weatherguard, Cheers 720, Cheers 720 Weathershield, Chlornil 720 SC, Chloro 720, Chloronil Pro, Chlorostar 900 WG, Chlorothalonil, Chlorothalonil 720, Chlorothalonil 900 WG, Chlortan 720, Conan 720, Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). Conan Sticks 720 SC, Echo 720, Echo 900 WDG, Mueso 720, Mueso 900 WG, Mueso Stick 720, Whack 720, Whack 900 WG copper oxychloride M1 Cobox 500 WP, Oxydul DF Use no later than 30 days before dithianon M9 Delan 700 WG, Dinon 700 WG, Dragon 700 WG, Wrath 700WG mancozeb M3 Dithane Rainshield Neo Tec, Fortuna Globe 750WG, Kencozeb 750DF, Mancozeb 750 DF, Mancozeb 750 WG, Mancozeb DF, Manic WG, Mantra 750WG, Manzate DF, Manzeb, Penncozeb 750DF, Sinozeb 750 WG, Unizeb Disperss 750 DF Botrytis bunch rot pyrimethanil 9 Predict 600 SC, Protector 400SC, Pyrus 400 SC, Scala 400 SC, Scala 600 SC azoxystrobin 11 Affix 250 SC, Amistar 250 SC, A-Star 250 SC, Avior 250 SC, Avior 800 WG, Azaka, Azoxystrobin 250, Azoxystrobin 250 SC, Azoxystrobin 500 WG, Connect 800 WG, Galoxy 250SC, Kelpie Azoxy 250, Mirador 250 SC, Spartacus 250 SC, Spartacus 500WG, Stellar, Supernova 250SC fenhexamid 17 Teldor 500 SC tebuconazole Custodia azoxystrobin chlorothalonil M5 Applonil 720, Barrack 720, Barrack Betterstick, Bond 720, Bravo 720, Bravo Weather Stik, Castor 720SC, Castor 900 WG, Cavalry Dry, Cavalry Weatherguard, Cheers 720, Cheers 720 Weathershield, Chlornil 720 SC, Chloro 720, Chloronil Pro, Chlorostar 900 WG, Chlorothalonil, Chlorothalonil 720, Chlorothalonil 900 WG, Chlortan 720, Conan 720, Conan Sticks 720 SC, Echo 500SC, Echo 720, Echo 900 WDG, Mueso 720, Mueso 900 WG, Mueso Stick 720, Whack 720, Whack 900 WG fenpyrazamine 17 Prolectus Use no later than 30 days before Do not use more than 6 sprays after flowering. Use no later than growth stage (10% caps off). Use no later than growth stage 25 (80% caps off). Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). cyprodinil 2 9 Solaris 300 EC Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 cyprodinil Cyprofludox WG, Missile, Switch mm diameter) AND do not use fludioxonil 1 within 60 days before potassium salts of fatty acids U1 Ecoprotector Do not use within 14 days before hydrogen peroxide + M + M Peracetic Acid, Peratec, Peratec PLUS, Peroxy Treat peroxyacetic acid (suppression only) iprodione 2 Aquaflow 500 SC, Chief 250 Liquid, Chief Aquaflo, Corvette Flowable, Corvette Liquid, Ippon 500 Aquaflo, Ipral 250, Iprine 250, Iprine 500, Iprodex 250, Iprodione 250, Iprodione Aquaflow 500, Iprodione Liquid 250, Rovral Aquaflo, Rovral Liquid, Shelby 250, Sindon 500 SC, Sinpro 500 SC, Subscribe, Transact Aureobasidium NA Botector pullulans Bacillus 44 Serenade Opti amyloliquefaciens Do not use within 7 days before DO NOT USE. These are no longer permitted products. May be used until harvest 1 Do not apply Cyprofludox WG, Missile, Solaris or Switch at both flowering and growth stage E-L

13 Fungicides Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Activity group Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. Downy mildew azoxystrobin 11 Affix 250 SC, Amistar 250 SC, A-Star 250SC, Avior 250 SC, Avior 800 WG, Azaka, Azoxystrobin 250, Azoxystrobin 250 SC, Azoxystrobin 500 WG, Connect 800 WG, Galoxy 250SC, Kelpie Azoxy 250, Mirador 250 SC, Spartacus 250 SC, Spartacus 500WG, Stellar, Supernova 250SC metiram M3 Polyram DF oxadixyl + propineb 4 + M3 Rebound WP tebuconazole Custodia azoxystrobin Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. Use no later than growth stage 25 (80% caps off). zineb M3 Zineb mandipropamid 40 Revus Use no later than growth stage 26 (cap-fall complete) chlorothalonil M5 Applonil 720, Barrack 720, Barrack Betterstick, Bond 720, Bravo 720, Bravo Weather Stik, Castor 720SC, Castor 900 WG, Cavalry Dry, Cavalry Weatherguard, Cheers 720, Cheers 720 Weathershield, Chlornil 720 SC, Chloro 720, Chloronil Pro, Chlorostar 900 WG, Chlorothalonil, Chlorothalonil 720, Chlorothalonil 900 WG, Chlortan 720, Conan 720, Conan Sticks 720 SC, Echo 500SC, Echo 720, Echo 900 WDG, Mueso 720, Mueso 900 WG, Mueso Stick 720, Whack 720, Whack 900 WG Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). ametoctradin Zampro dimethomorph 2 amisulbrom + tribasic 21 + M1 Amicus Blue Use no later than growth stage 31 copper sulphate (berries pea-size, not > 7 mm diameter). dimethomorph 3 40 Acrobat SC, Downright, Sphinx trifloxystrobin 11 Flint 500 WG (suppression only) pyraclostrobin 11 Cabrio, Pavo 250 EC, Symbio 250 EC Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea-size, not > 7 mm diameter) AND do not use within 63 days before copper ammonium acetate M1 Cop-IT copper ammonium M1 Copperguard, Liquicop complex copper cuprous oxide M1 Nordox 750 WG, Red Copper WG copper hydroxide M1 Blue Shield DF, Champ 500WG, Champ Dry Prill WG, Flo-Bordo, Hydrocop WG, Kocide Blue Xtra, Kocide Opti, Vitra 400WG copper hydroxide + M1 + M1 Airone WG copper oxychloride copper octanoate M1 Tricop copper oxychloride M1 Cobox 500 WP, Copper Oxychloride, Copper Oxychloride 500 WP, Copper Oxychloride WP, Coppox WG, Coppox WP, Cupro 375WG, Isacop 500WP, Neoram 375 WG, Oxydul DF, Uni-Guard 500 WP copper sulphate M1 Bordeaux WG, Tri-Base Blue, Tribasic Liquid tribasic dithianon M9 Delan 700 WG, Dinon 700 WG, Dragon 700 WG, Wrath 700WG metalaxyl - M M1 Ridomil Gold Plus copper hydroxide metalaxyl + copper oxychloride 4 + M1 Axiom Plus, Copper Plus, Metalaxyl + Copper Oxychloride WP, Zeemil Plus sulfur + copper M2 + M1 Mildex WG oxychloride copper sulphate M1 + M3 Copman DF, Novofix Disperss tribasic + mancozeb Use no later than 30 days before harvest Use no later than 30 days before Do not use more than 6 sprays after flowering. 2 Limit sprays of dimethomorph to ONE per season. If more than one application, must restrict last treatment to, Use no later than growth stage 25 (80% caps off). 13

14 Fungicides Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Activity group Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. Downy mildew continued mancozeb M3 Dithane Rainshield Neo Tec, Fortuna Globe 750WG, Kencozeb 750DF, Mancozeb 750 DF, Mancozeb 750 WG, Mancozeb DF, Manic WG, Mantra 750WG, Manzate DF, Manzeb, Penncozeb 750DF, Sinozeb 750 WG, Unizeb Disperss 750 DF metalaxyl - M M3 Ridomil Gold MZ WG mancozeb metalaxyl + mancozeb 4 + M3 Axiom MZ 720, Max MZ, Maxyl, Metal-Man MZ 720, Zeemil 720 WG, Zeemil MZB 720 WP hydrogen peroxide + M + M Peratec PLUS peroxyacetic acid (suppression only) Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. Use no later than 30 days before Do not use more than 6 sprays after flowering. Winery approval required before spraying within 30 days before If approval is given, do not use within 7 days before Eutypa dieback cyproconazole Garrison Rapid iodocarb fluazinam 29 Emblem, Gem tebuconazole 3 Gelseal, Greenseal Dormancy application only. Trichoderma harzianum NA Vinevax Bio-Implants, Vinevax Wound Dressing Phomopsis cane and leaf spot fluazinam 29 Emblem, Gem Dormancy spray only. metiram M3 Polyram DF Use no later than growth stage 25 (80% caps off). dithianon M9 Delan 700 WG, Dinon 700 WG, Dragon 700 WG, Wrath 700WG Use no later than 30 days before harvest copper sulphate M1 + M3 Novofix Disperss tribasic + mancozeb mancozeb M3 Dithane Rainshield Neo Tec, Fortuna Globe 750WG, Kencozeb 750DF, Mancozeb 750 DF, Mancozeb 750 WG, Mancozeb DF, Manic WG, Mantra 750WG, Manzate DF, Manzeb, Penncozeb 750DF, Unizeb Disperss 750 DF Use no later than 30 days before Do not use more than 6 sprays after flowering. Powdery mildew pydiflumetofen 7 Miravis Use no later than growth stage 19 (beginning of flowering when flower caps start loosening). azoxystrobin 11 Affix 250 SC, Amistar 250 SC, A-Star 250 SC, Avior 250SC, Avior 800 WG, Azaka, Azoxystrobin 250, Azoxystrobin 250 SC, Azoxystrobin 500 WG, Connect 800 WG, Galoxy 250SC, Kelpie Azoxy 250, Mirador 250 SC, Spartacus 250 SC, Sparticus 500WG, Stellar, Supernova 250SC difenconazole 3 Digger metrafenone U8 Vivando spiroxamine 5 Prosper 500 EC tebuconazole Custodia azoxystrobin sulfur, present as elemental or crystalline sulfur M2 Dusting Sulphur, Dusting Sulphur 900 Use no later than growth stage 25 (80% caps off). Use no later than 84 days before sulfur + tebuconazole M2 + 3 Unicorn 745WG Use no later than growth stage 29 tebuconazole 3 Buzz Ultra 750 WG, Laguna Xtreme 800 WG, Launch, Orius 430 SC, Tebucon 430 SC, Ultrateb 750 WG, Zolo 430 SC (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). 14

15 Fungicides Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Activity group Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. Powdery mildew continued cyflufenamid U6 Flute 50 EW paraffinic oil n/a BioPest Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea-size, not > 7 mm pyriofenone U8 Kusabi 300 SC diameter). trifloxystrobin 11 Flint 500 WG pyraclostrobin 11 Cabrio, Pavo 250 EC, Symbio 250 EC Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea-size, not > 7 mm diameter) AND do not use within 63 days before penconazole tetraconazole 3 3 Azotic, Delos, Pearl, Ruby 100EC, Topas 100 EC Domark 40ME, Mettle 40ME Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea-size, not > 7 mm diameter) AND do not use within 60 days before quinoxyfen 13 Legend, Quinfen250 SC Use no later than growth stage 34 (before commencement of véraison) AND do not use within 42 days before triadimefon 3 Triadimefon 125 Use no later than 35 days before triadimenol 3 Allitron, Bayfidan 250 EC, Citadel, Triadimenol 250 EC, Tridim 250 EC harvest copper ammonium acetate M1 Cop-IT copper ammonium M1 Copperguard, Liquicop complex myclobutanil 3 Myclonil WG, Mycloss Xtra proquinazid 13 Talendo sulfur, present as elemental or crystalline sulfur M2 Brimflo 800, Cosamil, Cosavet WG, Flosul 800, Fungisul 80, InnoSulph 800 WG, Kendon Sulphur, Kumulus DF, Microsul WG Elite, Microthiol Disperss, Nimbus WG, Rutec Sulfur, Solo 800WG, Sulfur 800 WG, Sulgran WG, Sulphur 800 WG, Sulphur Spray 3, Sulphur WG, Thiovit Jet, Uni-Shield, Wettable Sulphur, Zulfa 800WG sulfur + copper M2 + M1 Mildex WG oxychloride hydrogen peroxide + M + M Peratec PLUS peroxyacetic acid (suppression only) potassium M2 Ecocarb bicarbonate Use no later than 30 days before harvest Winery approval required before spraying within 30 days before If approval is given, do not use within 7 days before 3 Sulphur Spray is not any spray of sulphur but the David Grays Sulphur Spray as this is the only Sulphur Spray registered. 15

16 Insecticides Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Bud mite sulfur, present as polysulfide sulfur, present as elemental or crystalline sulfur Bunch mite sulfur, present as polysulfide sulfur, present as elemental or crystalline sulfur Grapeleaf blister mite Activity group Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. M2 Lime Sulphur Apply as near as possible to budburst. M2 Cosamil, Cosavet WG, Fungisul 80, InnoSulph 800 WG, Kumulus DF, Microsul WG Elite, Microthiol Disperss, Nimbus WG, Solo 800WG, Sulfur Use no later than 30 days before 800 WG, Sulgran WG, Sulphur 800 WG, Sulphur WG, Thiovit Jet, Uni- Shield, Wettable Sulphur, Zulfa 800WG M2 Lime Sulphur Apply as near as possible to budburst. M2 Cosamil, Cosavet WG, InnoSulph 800 WG, Microsul WG Elite, Nimbus Use no later than 30 days before WG, Sulfur 800 WG, Sulgran WG, Sulphur 800 WG, Sulphur WG, Thiovit harvest Jet, Wettable Sulphur, Zulfa 800WG paraffinic oil n/a Heavy Paraffinic Dormant Spray Oil petroleum oil n/a Stifle, Vicol Winter Oil Dormant spray only. sulfur, present as polysulfide M2 Lime Sulphur Apply as near as possible to budburst. sulfur, present as elemental or crystalline sulfur M2 Grapeleaf rust mite sulfur, present as polysulfide chlorantraniliprole + abamectin sulfur, present as elemental or crystalline sulfur Brimflo 800, Cosamil, Cosavet WG, Flosul 800, Fungisul 80, InnoSulph 800 WG, Kendon Sulphur, Kumulus DF, Microsul WG Elite, Microthiol Disperss, Nimbus WG, Rutec Sulfur, Solo 800WG, Sulfur 800 WG, Sulgran WG, Sulphur 800 WG, Sulphur Spray 4, Sulphur WG, Thiovit Jet, Uni-Shield, Wettable Sulphur, Zulfa 800WG Use no later than 30 days before M2 Lime Sulphur Apply as near as possible to budburst Voliam Targo Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). M2 Brimflo 800, Cosamil, Cosavet WG, Flosul 800, Fungisul 80, InnoSulph 800 WG, Kendon Sulphur, Kumulus DF, Microsul WG Elite, Microthiol Disperss, Nimbus WG, Rutec Sulfur, Solo 800WG, Sulfur 800 WG, Sulgran WG, Sulphur 800 WG, Sulphur WG, Thiovit Jet, Uni-Shield, Wettable Sulphur, Zulfa 800WG Use no later than 30 days before Grapevine moth chlorantraniliprole 28 Altacor Hort Use no later than growth stage 25 (80% caps off). chlorantraniliprole + abamectin Voliam Targo Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). spinetoram 5 Delegate Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea-size, not > 7 mm diameter). emamectin 6 Energise, Proclaim, Warlock Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea-size, not > 7 mm indoxacarb 22A Avatar, Persona 300WG, Spymaster 300 WG diameter) AND do not use within 56 days before Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai 11 Bacchus WG Bacillus thuringiensis 11 Delfin, DiPel DF subspecies kurstaki May be used until harvest Trichogrammanza n/a Trichogramma parasitic wasp carverae Light brown apple moth chlorantraniliprole 28 Altacor Hort Use no later than growth stage 25 methoxyfenozide 18 Peregrine, Prodigy (80% caps off). 4 Sulphur Spray is not any spray of sulphur but the David Grays Sulphur Spray as this is the only Sulphur Spray registered. 16

17 Insecticides Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Activity group Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. Light brown apple moth continued chlorantraniliprole + abamectin Voliam Targo Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). spinetoram 5 Delegate Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea-size not > 7 mm diameter). emamectin indoxacarb 6 22A Energise, Proclaim, Warlock Avatar, Persona 300WG, Spymaster 300 WG Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea-size, not > 7 mm diameter) AND do not use within 56 days before Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai 11 Bacchus WG Bacillus thuringiensis 11 Delfin, DiPel DF subspecies kurstaki tetradecenyl acetate + tetradecadienyl acetate Trichogrammanza carverae Snails n/a n/a Isomate LBAM Plus Pheromone, MD LBAM Corto, MD LBAM Flex Pheromone, MD LBAM Pheromone Trichogramma parasitic wasp May be used until harvest copper complex n/a Escar-Go, Socusil Dormant spray only. metaldehyde iron EDTA complex n/a n/a Meta (pellets), Metaldehyde Snail and Slug pellets, Metarex Snail and Slug Bait, Pestmaster Snail and Slug Pellets, Slug Out (bait), Slugger Slug and Snail Pellets, Snail Trail (pellets) Multiguard Snail and Slug Killer Ensure the baits do not become lodged in the canopy. Ground application only. Do not use within 30 days before Two spotted mite petroleum oil n/a Stifle Dormant spray only. sulfur, present as polysulfide M2 Lime Sulphur Apply as near as possible to budburst chlorantraniliprole + abamectin sulfur, present as elemental or crystalline sulfur Voliam Targo Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). M2 Cosamil, Cosavet WG, InnoSulph 800 WG, Microsul WG Elite, Nimbus WG, Sulfur 800 WG, Sulgran WG, Sulphur 800 WG, Sulphur WG, Thiovit Jet, Zulfa 800WG Do not use within 30 days before etoxazole 10B ParaMite Winery approval required before spraying within 30 days of If approval is given, do not use within 21 days before 17

18 Insecticides contact winery before spraying Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Activity group Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. Australian plague locust Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum n/a Green Guard SC Premium Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. If approval is given, do not use within 7 days before harvest Garden weevil chlorantraniliprole + abamectin Voliam Targo (suppression only) Use no later than growth stage 29 (berries pepper-corn size, not > 4 mm diameter). Garden weevil continued indoxacarb 22A Avatar, Persona 300WG, Spymaster 300 WG Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea size, not > 7 mm diameter) AND do not use within 56 days before Grapevine scale paraffinic oil n/a Bioclear, BioPest, Heavy Paraffinic Dormant Spray Oil, Trump Spray Oil Winery approval required before petroleum oil n/a All Seasons White Oil, D-C-Tron Plus Spray Oil, Sacoa Summer Spray Oil, Stifle, Vicol Summer Oil, Vicol Winter Oil spraying these chemicals. Dormant spray only. spirotetramat (suppression only) 23 Movento 240 SC Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. Use no later than growth stage 18 (14 leaves separated, flower caps still in place). Mealybug 5 paraffinic oil n/a Bioclear, BioPest, Trump Spray Oil Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. Dormant spray only. spirotetramat 23 Movento 240 SC Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. Use no later than growth stage 18 (14 leaves separated, flower caps still in place). buprofezin 16 Applaud, Scale & Bug, Strident, Uptown Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. Use no later than growth stage 25 (80% caps off). Mediterranean/Queensland Fruit Fly A baiting program that does not target fruit or foliage is recommended. Control options for fruit fly are subject to APVMA permit conditions. Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. Wingless grasshopper indoxacarb 22A Avatar, Persona 300WG, Spymaster 300 WG Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. Use no later than growth stage 31 (berries pea size, not > 7 mm diameter) AND do not use within 56 days before Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum n/a Green Guard SC Premium Winery approval required before spraying these chemicals. Do not use within 7 days before 5 Consult product label as registration may only apply to specific mealybug species. 18

19 Herbicides do not use any herbicides within 30 days before harvest Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Activity group Herbicide 2,2-DPA sodium (dalapon-sodium) Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. To be read in conjunction with any label requirements. J Dalapon 740 SP Do not apply around vines less than 4 years of age. Do not allow applications to contact green tissue and buds of vines. Q Amitat, Amitrole T, Amitrol 250 Do not apply within 56 days before amitrole + ammonium thiocyanate amitrole + paraquat Q + L Alliance, Para-Trooper Do not apply within 56 days before Do not apply around vines less than 3 years of age unless they are effectively shielded from spray. Do not allow applications to contact green tissue and buds of vines. Do not apply with CDA or misting machines. bromoxynil + diflufenican C + F Bentley, Colt, Cougar, Difluken B, Jaguar, Kelpie DFF + Brom MX, Lobak, Meerkat carfentrazone-ethyl G Artillery, Carfentrazone 240 EC, Carfentrazone-ethyl 240, Elevate, Hammer 400EC, Nail 240EC, Nail 600EC, Spotlight Plus, Sqatter 400 EC When using in vineyard situations, apply during vine dormancy only. Contact with vines must be avoided. Do not apply to vines less than 2 years old or vines with green bark unless protected from the spray solution. dichlobenil O Casaron 4G, Casoron G diquat L Desiquat, Desi-Tex 200, Dia-Kill 200, Diquat 200, Reglone Avoid contact with green or uncalloused bark on young vines. Do not apply with CDA or misting machines. diquat + paraquat L + L Blowout, Brown Out 250, Combik 250, Di-Par 250, EOS, Kwicknock 250, Paradat, Paradym 250, Paraquat + Diquat 250, Paraquat/Diquat, Pre- Seed 250, Revolver, Scorcher 250, Speedy 250, Spray & Sow, Spray.Seed 250, Spraykill 250, Uni-Spray 250 Avoid contact with green or uncalloused bark on young vines. Do not apply with CDA or misting machines. fluazifop-p A Fusilade Forte, Fuzilier, Resilience, Rootout 212 Do not use within 28 days before flumioxazin G Chateau DO NOT USE. This is not a permitted product. glufosinate-ammonium N Basta, Biffo, Cease, Commando 200, Exile, Exonerate, Exonerate 200 SL, Fascinate 200 SL, Faster-TG 200, Fiestar, Gamma, Glufonium 200 SL, Glufos, Glufosinate 200, Glufosinate-Ammonium 200, Kelpie G-FOS 200, Muster, Sky-7th 200 Avoid contact with green or uncalloused bark on young vines. glyphosate-ipa M Wipe-Out Bio Do not apply around vines less than 5 years old. Do not allow spray to contact vines. glyphosate-ipa + M + G Broadway carfentrazone-ethyl Do not allow spray to contact vines. glyphosate-ipa M AllOut 450, BioChoice 360, Eradicator 540, Eraze 360 Bi-aquatic, Eraze 510 Bi-aquatic, Gladiator, Glister 360, Glister 450, Glymount 450, Glypho 450, Glyphosate 360, Glyphosate 450, Glyphosate 450CT, Glyphosate 450SL, Glyphosate 510, Glyphosate 510SL, Kelpie Rico 450 GLY, Ken- Up 450 CT, Ken-Up Aquatic 360, Knockout 450, Pestmaster Aqua-Tech 360, Pestmaster Glyphosate CT, Raze, Roundup, Roundup Biactive, Roundup CT, Sanos 360, Sanos 450, Sickle 540, SixGun 360, SixGun 510, SquareDown 360, Wipe-Out 450 glyphosate-ipa + mas M + M Weedmaster Duo Do not apply around vines less than 3 years old unless effectively shielded from spray. Do not allow spray to contact vines. 19

20 Herbicides do not use any herbicides within 30 days before harvest Accolade Wines Restrictions on Chemical Use for 2018/2019 Active Constituent(s) Activity group Herbicide Some registered products Products must be registered in your state for use on grapevines. Do not use greater than the label rate. glyphosate-mas M Bazooka Dry 800 SG, ClearUp 700 Bio-Dri, ClearUp 700 Dri Broadacre, ClearUp 840 Dry-Flo, Gladiator Dry 680 WG, Glister 680SG, Glyphosate 680, Glyphosate 700, Glyphosate 700SG, Glyphosate 875, Ken-Up Dry 680 WG, Roundup Ready Plantshield glyphosate-mea M ClearUp 450 SL, Glyphosate 450SL, Wipe-Out Pro glyphosate-potassium salt glyphosate-potassium salt + ipa glyphosate-potassium salt + mas haloxyfop-r methyl ester M Firebolt, Gladiator Optimax, Glyphosate 540K, Glyphosate K-Tech 500SL, Grand 450 CT, Kelpie GLY 540 SL, Maxout 540, Roundup Dura, Roundup Ready PL, Roundup Ultra MAX, Super Dry K, Touchdown Hitech, Warlord 540 Hi-Load, Wipe-Out Accelerate M + M Weedmaster Argo M + M Weedmaster Dual Salt Technology A Circus 520EC, Convict, Exert 520, Firepower, Haloxyfop 520, Haloxyfop 520 EC, Haloxyfop 900EC, Haloxyken 520, Hermes 520, Jasper 520, Recon 520, Verdict 520 Winery Restriction on Use Growth stage restrictions are most advanced stage rather than average stage. To be read in conjunction with any label requirements. Do not apply around vines less than 3 years old unless effectively shielded from spray. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Spray should be directed to the base of the tree or vine avoiding contact with fruit and foliage. oryzalin D Cameo 500, Oryzalin 500, Prolan 500, Stonewall, Surflan 500 oxyfluorfen G Cavalier, Cavalier 500SC, Convert 240 EC, Crossbar 240, GoalTender, Gowel 240 EC, Ox 240, Oxen 240 EC, Oxyfan 240 EC, Oxyfluorfen, Oxyfluorfen 240 EC, Point, Striker paraquat L Explode 250, Gramoxone 250, Kelpie P-Quat 300 SL, Paradox 250, Para-Ken 250, Para-Ken 334, Paraquat 250, Paraquat 250 SL, Powerquat 300SL, Shirquat 250, Sinmosa 250, Sprayquat 250, Spraytop 250SL, Uniquat 250 pendimethalin D Cronos 440EC, Fist 330, Panda 435, Panida Grande, Pendimethalin 330, pine oil isoxaben O Gallery 750 DF Must be activated by at least 12.5mm rainfall or sprinkler irrigation within 21 days of application. napropamide K Devrinol WG Do not allow spray to contact vines. nonanoic acid unspec- Slasher ified norflurazon F Zoliar DF Do not allow spray to contact vines. Not recommended for grapes grown in sand or loamy sand soils with <1% organic matter and ph >7.5. unspecified Pendimethalin 330EC, Pendimethalin 440 EC, Rifle 440 BioWeed quizalofop-p-ethyl A Atomic Selective, Elantra, Elantra Xtreme, Leopard, Leopard 200 EC, Quinella 100 EC, Quinella Upgrade, Quiz, Quizalofop-P-ethyl 200 EC, Sextant, Tiger Gold 250 Apply before budswell and do not apply around vines less than 3 years of age. If used as a spike, observe the restrictions on use for the base herbicide. Avoid contact with green or uncalloused bark on young vines. Apply before budswell. No more than 2 applications per year. Do not use after growth stage 19 (about 16 leaves separated, beginning of flowering). Use a minimum of 800Lwater/ sprayed Ha. simazine C Gesatop 600 SC, Simazine 500 Flowable Do not apply around vines less than 3 years old. simazine C Gesatop Granules 900 WG, Kelpie S-Zine 900, Kelpie S-Zine 900WG, Simagranz, Simanex 900 WG, SimaPhos 900 WG, Simaquest 900 WG, Simazine 900 DF, Simazine 900 WDG, Simazine 900 WG trifluralin D Trampoline 480, Tricon Flexi 480, Triflur X, Trifluralin 480, Trifluralin 480 EC, Trifluralinx 480, Trifluralinx 580, Triflurasip 480, Trilogy, Trilogy 600, Uni-Try Do not apply around vines less than 12 months old. 20

21 Fungicide Resistance Management Strategies What is fungicide resistance? Fungicide resistance is the inherited ability of an organism to survive doses of a fungicide that would normally control it. Resistance may develop after frequent use of one fungicide, or fungicides from the same activity group. Resistance status Resistance to fungicides is a serious problem worldwide and resistance to many of the commonly used fungicides now exists. What produces fungicide resistant diseases? Any population contains a very small number of individuals which are naturally able to survive the application of a particular fungicide. If the same fungicide, or fungicides, from the same activity group are used repeatedly, and exclusively, the susceptible individuals continue to be removed, and those with natural resistance survive and multiply. In time, the resistant individuals dominate the population and the fungicide fails in the field. Resistance countering measures With any resistance management program it is important to: prevent the build-up of resistant individuals in the population; and minimise fungicide selection pressure by not over using fungicides to obtain best results, while at the same time delaying or minimising the potential development of resistance. The CropLife Australia Fungicide Resistance Management Review Group has taken two initiatives in fungicide resistance management: 1. All fungicides have been classified by activity group, which appears as a number or letter/number combinations code on the fungicide product label; and 2. Resistance Management Strategies have been developed for the use of fungicides in crops where resistance by a particular organism is already evident or considered a risk. The Fungicide Resistance Management Strategies provide recommendations for a fungicide program which ensures best control with least risk of developing resistance. Resistance Management Strategies are regularly updated and can be accessed via CropLife Australia s Website at: Similar resistance management strategies exist for herbicides and insecticides and can also be viewed at this address. Resistance Management Strategies should be read in conjunction with the following disclaimer: This document is a guide only and does not endorse particular products, groups of products or cultural methods in terms of their performance. Always follow the product label for specific use instructions. While all effort has been taken with the information supplied in this document no responsibility, actual or implied, is taken for the day to day accuracy of product or active constituent specific information. Readers should check with the Australian regulators (APVMA) product database for contemporary information on products and actives. The database can be sourced through The information given in this document is provided in good faith and without any liability for loss or damage suffered as a result of its application and use. Advice given in this strategy is current as at the time of going to print. The latest versions of the strategies are available from the CropLife Australia website: All previous versions of this strategy are now invalid. 21

22 Fungicide Resistance Management Strategies continued Powdery mildew Resistance Management Strategy for: Group 3 Demethylation inhibitors (DMI); Group 5 Amines (morpholines); Group 7 Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI); Group 11 Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) and combinations of Group 3; Group 13 Aza-napthalenes; Group U6 Phenyl-acetamide; and Group U8 Actin disruptors (aryl-phenyl-ketone) fungicides. 1. Apply all these fungicides preventatively. 2. Consecutive applications include from the end of one season to the start of the next. 3. Mixtures - co-formulations or tank mixes with label rate of alternative mode of action Group (3) 13 U6 U8 Maximum number of consecutive sprays 2 2 none see below Maximum number of sprays per season Group 11 where these fungicides have been routinely used for many seasons, field research indicates there is an increased risk of powdery mildew resistance. To ensure effective powdery mildew control in these circumstances, either use alternative modes of action or apply in mixtures. Group 11 If applied alone, do not make consecutive applications. Group 11 apply a maximum of 2 sprays per season, including mixtures. Downy mildew Resistance Management Strategy for: Group 4 Group 11 Group 21 Group 40 Group 45 Phenylamide; Quinone outside inhibitor; Quinone inside inhibitor; Carboxylic acid amide; and Quinone outside inhibitor, stigmatellin binding type fungicides. 1. Apply all these fungicides preventatively, Group 4 fungicides should be applied before the first sign of oilspots or as soon as possible after an infection period. 2. Mixtures - co-formulations or tank mixes with label rate of alternative mode of action. 3. Apply a maximum of two consecutive applications of any one group. 4. Start preventative disease control sprays using non-group 4 protectant fungicides, typically when shoots are 10-20cm long. Continue spraying at intervals of 7-21 days depending on disease pressure, label directions and rate of vine growth. 5. Limit the use of Group 4 fungicides to periods when conditions favour disease development. Always apply Group 4 fungicides in mixtures. Group (+M1) (+40) Maximum number of consecutive sprays 2 none Maximum number of solo sprays none (50% ) none Maximum number of sprays per season 4-mix mix (50% ) 4-mix Refer to point 6. below Areas of higher agronomic risk mix mix n/a mix n/a 6. Group 40 do not apply as the last spray of the season. Group 40 apply a maximum of 50% of the total number of downy sprays. 7. Group 11 If applied alone, do not make consecutive applications. 8. Group 11 apply a maximum of 2 sprays per season, including mixtures. 22

23 Fungicide Resistance Management Strategies continued Grey mould (Botrytis bunch rot) Resistance Management Strategy for: Group 2 Group 7 Group 9 Group 11 Group 17 Dicarboximide; SDHI (Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors); Anilinopyrimidine and combinations of Group 9 (Anilinopyrimidine) and Group 12 (Phenylpyrroles); Quinone outside Inhibitor and combinations of Group 11 and Group 3 (DMIs); and Hydroxyanilide fungicides. 1. Apply all these fungicides as protectants before the first sign of disease. 2. Consecutive applications include from the end of one season to the start of the next. 3. Varying the number of fungicides applied targeting Botrytis changes the relative resistance risk to any one fungicide group. When three or fewer sprays are applied, it is recommended that three different groups of fungicides are used (see table below). When four sprays are applied, try to use 3 or 4 different groups of fungicide. Maximum recommended number of sprays which can contain group (inc. 9+12) 11 (inc 3+11) 17 Total number of botrytis targeting sprays If a Group 11 or 7 fungicide is used solo, it should only be used in strict alternation with fungicides from a different mode of action group. 5. DO NOT apply more than two consecutive sprays from the same fungicide group, for any Group 2, 7, 9 (including combinations with Group 12) 11+3 or 17 fungicide, including from the end of one season to the start of the following season. 6. If two consecutive applications of Group 11+3 fungicides are used, then they must be followed by at least the same number of applications of fungicide(s) from a different group(s) before a Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicide is used again, either in the current or following season. 7. If resistance to a fungicide group has been detected, only use that fungicide group in mixtures or in strict alternation with fungicides from a different cross resistance group. A fungicide group that has been applied as the final application of the season should not be the first fungicide in the following season. 23

24 Off-target spray drift Whenever using chemicals especially herbicides on other crops, ensure that there is no drift onto grapevines. If you have a potential off-target drift problem, please contact your Accolade Wines Viticulturist to determine if alternative chemicals can be used. If you believe your vineyard has been damaged from spray drift originating outside your property, contact the relevant agency listed below: New South Wales The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is responsible for regulating the use of pesticides in NSW, including investigating any allegations relating to the misuse of pesticides such as spray drift. The EPA operates a 24-hr toll-free number for reporting all incidents: tel If the matter requires follow up, then it will be referred to the appropriate local EPA office for follow up. Tasmania Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Program Biosecurity Tasmania Tel: Victoria Call Agriculture Victoria, Customer Service Centre between 8am and 6 pm Monday to Friday on You will be redirected to the Chemical Standards Officer in your region. South Australia Rural Chemicals Operations Biosecurity SA - Plant and Food Standards, a division of PIRSA Phone: PIRSA.RuralChemicals@sa.gov.au Western Australia Richard Fennessy (will receive and direct based on type of agrochemical drift) Grape & Wine Research Officer, Irrigated Agriculture Innovation, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Tel: (08) richard.fennessy@dpird.wa.gov.au The other contact is the Western Australian Department of Health Tel: (08)

25 Good Agricultural Practice Guide The following requirements should also be observed in line with good agricultural practice: 1. The vineyard owner/manager must ensure all label and winery restrictions on use have been followed BEFORE harvest commences. Failure to comply with these restrictions can result in unacceptable chemical residues remaining in the grapes and in the wine. 2. Application of raw animal manures must not occur within 120 days before Manure dust may contaminate the fruit. 3. Biosolids (treated sewage sludge) must not be used. Heavy metals within the biosolid could contaminate the grapes. 4. Do not load harvested grapes in areas where animal manure has been stored or spread. Pathogens and heavy metals within the manure could contaminate harvested grapes. 5. Any wine grapes dropped on the ground whilst loading must remain on the ground. Soil contamination can be introduced to the harvested grapes if these grapes are delivered. 6. The use of any chemical (selected botryticides excepted) and fertiliser within 30 days of harvest are not recommended as their use is unlikely to be beneficial to the current crop. Winery permission is required for all applications to the vineyard within 30 days of 7. No rocks or other items to be placed on posts within the vineyard. The rocks could damage harvesting and winery equipment. 8. Genetically modified organisms are not to be used in vineyards. Chemical Storage This is a guide to best practice pesticide chemical storage. The actual standard for chemical storage can be obtained from your local department of agriculture/primary industries, or from your Accolade Wines Viticulturist. The Australian Standard refers to maximum quantities of each packaging group to define minor and major storage requirements along with quantities permissible based on the training of staff. There are differences between the minimum requirements for minor and major storage requirements. Generally, combined storage quantities of less than 1,000 kilograms and litres is considered minor storage. Site Selection The store must be located at least 15m from the property boundary, 10m from buildings occupied by people or livestock, 5m from watercourses, dams, drainage or sewage lines, 3m from unrelated work areas, stored and flammable materials and well above maximum flood level. The site should preferably be in an open area with low risk to wild-fires, located to have good air circulation, avoid temperature extremes, and near to the tank mixing and filling area. The site must have access to a clean and reliable water supply for tank filling and emergency use. Structure/Construction The building must be structurally sound to wind and weather and have a good roof with no leaks. A fire resistant structure and internal cladding is preferred, with wall and roof insulation to moderate storage temperature. Any structure must be made of non-absorbent materials and resistant to the chemicals being stored. The building should have clear access and outward opening doors. The floor must be impermeable and preferably graded to aid collection of spills and wash down and must be graded or bunded to contain 25% of the total liquid in the store and 100% of the largest container. Some QA schemes may require this to be 110% of the possible store contents. Check that ventilation, doorways and service entry/exits do not compromise containment. The surface should be non-slip for worker safety. Ventilation must be adequate to prevent build-up of chemical vapours; both lower vents just above the bund and upper vents in the walls or roof are highly recommended. Any ventilation must be vermin proof, covered with say chicken wire and/or fly wire. Lighting must be adequate to read labels and to measure out chemicals. Natural light is preferred although pesticides are to be stored out of direct sunlight and heat exposure as may occur on North facing exposed walls. 25

26 Chemical Storage continued Shelving must be sturdy and made of non-absorbent materials. Install any shelves on the coolest side of store and away from direct sunlight, and heat sources. Water supply should be clean, reliable and capable of 15 minutes continuous flow to wash chemical off any part of the body. Eyewash facilities, of a minimum of 250 ml, must be provided. Emergency showers, eyewashes and personal protective equipment must be kept clean, serviceable and ready for immediate use. The store must be lockable and kept locked to prevent unauthorised entry. Windows and vents must be designed to prevent entry by children or others and only authorised staff should have access to store keys. Warning signs are required to indicate that the facility is a chemical storage area. The Dangerous Substances legislation requires that the appropriate class label sign(s); an unauthorised entry prohibited; and a sign prohibiting fire, naked flame and smoking, must be displayed. Smoking is not permitted within 3 m of the pesticide store to avoid potential ignition sources. Equipment Located in Store Equipment to accurately measure the weight or volume of chemical must be appropriate for the job, and the markings must be clear and readable. This equipment may include scales and measurement jugs. Test weights are required to check scales for accuracy. There must be some readily available material and equipment to contain, absorb and decontaminate spilt chemicals. The most basic requirements are a container of absorptive material, e.g. dry soil, hydrated lime or kitty litter, a broom, a shovel and an empty clean container that can receive chemicals from leaking containers. Pesticide Stock Management All products must be in original package with labels intact. Only registered products should be kept in store. Containers must be kept closed to prevent accidental spillage and opened only in well ventilated areas. It is recommended to locate herbicides, insecticides and fungicides separately on shelving with powder or granular products above liquids. This recommendation is compulsory in some on-farm QA schemes. Segregation of some incompatible chemicals may be required; check warnings on labelling. Empty containers/packaging awaiting safe disposal must be secure, so allocate a separate storage zone in the store. For drummuster requirements and availability, check with local councils, or visit the drummuster website. Stock inventories must be rotated to avoid the accumulation of old stock to prevent deterioration of product and packaging, that is, use older stock before newer stock. Pesticides must not be stored, handled or mixed in areas that could block the escape from the store in an emergency. The storage must be kept clean of any residues and waste material. Equipment Located Outside but Near the Store Personal protective equipment (PPE e.g. overalls, waterproof pants and coat, gumboots, rubber gloves, respirator, goggles, face shield, PVC apron, hat) should not be located in the store, but should be kept nearby. Clean PPE should be stored separately to equipment that is dirty or awaiting cleaning or disposal. PPE should be appropriate to the chemical being used; refer to the label and safety data sheet. A first aid kit must be provided and maintained in a clean area. Fire-fighting equipment should be a dry powder extinguisher mounted near and outside the store and must be regularly maintained. Staff Staff must be aware of personal hygiene. After handling pesticides, always wash hands before eating, drinking, smoking or using the toilet, and after work. Pesticide users should be familiar with the safety data sheets, formerly called MSDS, of products stored in the store. Annual simulated emergency exercises, including fire drills and spill handling procedures, must be included in staff training. 26

27 SAFEGRAPES Residue Testing Selection Process Flow At the Property Inspection, did any critical requirement receive an unacceptable rating? No At the Property Inspection, were 50 or more penalty points accumulated? No Yes Yes Note: It is expected growers are to be tested at least every 3 years. Every grower is to be tested in vintage 2014 and 2017 to form a base line. Is the contract a spot buy (annual purchase)? Note: The grower will be liable for payment of the weighbridge residue test only if Accolade s maximum residue limits (MRLs) are exceeded. No Yes Was the grower tested in 2017 or 2018, with no MRL breaches and has continually supplied as a spot buy since? Yes No There will be one sample taken for residue testing for the first 1,000 tonnes of grapes estimated, another sample for estimated tonnages between 1,000 and 2,000 tonnes, and a final sample for more than 2,000 tonnes estimated. Had the grower delivered grapes last season that exceed Accolade Wines MRLs? Yes No Is the spray diary in doubt (i.e. illegible, incorrect calculations, full product names not used, etc.)? Yes No Has an unregistered or banned chemical or chemical not listed in the Accolade Wines spray diary been applied within the vineyard? This may have additional contractual ramifications. No Has a chemical in excess of label rate been applied or not met the label withholding period? Yes Yes Has an applied chemical not met the winery restriction on use? Is this the 2017 vintage? No residue testing required. No No No Was the grower selected for a residue test during 2017 and/or 2018 harvest but was missed for any reason? No Has the grower been tested in the last 3 seasons? Yes Yes Yes Yes No Grower to be mandatorily selected for targeted residue testing this season. Note: A targeted test is one in which the growers patch has been chosen for a reason as mentioned here. 27

28 Grower Name: Grower ID Number(s): Date: Reviewer: SAFEGRAPES Property Inspection Checklist Office Use Only Inspection Outcome Rating Time: Routine Reinspection Residue Breach Inspection [Penalty Acceptable Unacceptable Comment Points] Recommended Requirements: Chemical Store: Signs [10] Lockable [10] Concrete floor [20] Bunding [20] Separation of chemical groups [20] Powders separate to liquids [40] Calibration of Spray Units [50] Dangerous Poisons ChemCert: [20] Copy of Grape Quality Standards [10] Current Vintage Information available [20] Total: Critical Requirements: Chemical Store All products labelled No PMS present No obvious cross contamination Past / current Spray Diary is compliant Notes Date of Next Inspection: Signed Reviewer: Signed Grower: Rating: A Accumulation of less than 50 Penalty points and all Critical Requirements scored Acceptable; B Accumulation of 50 or more Penalty points and all Critical Requirements scored Acceptable; C Scoring of one or more Unacceptable Critical Requirement, regardless of Penalty Points accumulated 28

29 Grape variety abbreviations Aglianico AGL Negro Amaro NEG Albarino ALB Nero D Avola NER Arneis ARN Palomino PAL Barbera BAR Petit Verdot PEV Biancone BAI Pinot Gris PIG Cabernet Franc CAF Pinot Meunier PIM Cabernet Sauvignon CAS Pinot Noir PIN Chambourcin CHM Primitivo PRI Chardonnay CHA Red Frontignac (Muscat a Petits Grains Roses) FRR Chenin Blanc CHE Riesling RHR Cinsaut CIN Roussane ROU Colombard COL Rubired RUB Counoise COU Ruby Cabernet RCA Crouchen CRH Sangiovese SAN Dolcetto DOL Saperavi SPV Doradillo DOR Sauvignon Blanc SAB Durif DUR Savagnin Blanc SAG Fiano FIA Semillon SEM Frontignac White (Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc) FRW Shiraz SHZ Gewurztraminer (& Traminer) GWT Souzao SOU Glera (Prosecco) GLE Sultana SUL Gordo (Muscat Gordo Blanco) GOR Taminga TAM Graciano GRA Tannat TNT Grenache GRE Tempranillo TEM Grüner Veltliner (Gruener Veltliner) GRV Tinta Barroca TIB Lagrein LAG Tinta Cao (Tinto Cao) TIC Malbec MAL Tinta Molle TIM Mataro MAT Touriga TOU Merlot MER Verdejo VED Montepulciano MON Verdelho VER Moscato Giallo MOS Vermentino VMT Muscadelle (Tokay) MUS Viognier VIN Muscat Black BMU Zinfandel ZIN Muscat Brown (Brown Frontignac) MUB Muscat Red MUR Nebbiolo NEB 29

30 Determining the Concentration Factor (CF) The Concentration Factor (CF) is never less than 1. Herbicides always have a CF of 1. Theoretical (dilute) spraying volumes as a guide for spraying grapevines. Up to 0.5x0.5 m Up to 1x1 m Up to 1.5x1.5 m Up to 2x2 m and above SPRAWL CANOPY Theoretical spraying volume L/100m Theoretical spraying volume L/ha (for 3 m row spacing) 10 to to to to to to 1,300 1,500 to 2,000 2,000 to 3,000 Up to 0.5x0.5 m Up to 1x1 m Wires up stage Up to 1.5x0.5 m Up to 2 x 0.5 m VSP CANOPY Theoretical spraying volume L/100m Theoretical spraying volume L/ha (for 3 m row spacing) 10 to to to to to to 1,300 1,000 to 1,800 1,500 to 2,500 Adapted from Radunz L. (2001) New label directions for spraying - a review of experiences over the past year. Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker 451, (with permission from the Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker). Step 1. Theoretical (dilute) spraying volume Canopy size changes throughout the growing season. A range of theoretical (dilute) spray volumes is given for each canopy size. Choose the appropriate theoretical (dilute) volume from the above chart. It must be within the recommended range. For example, if the canopy is a 1m x 1m sprawl the theoretical (dilute) spray volume could be: L/ha or 20-40L/100m The theoretical (dilute) volume you select will depend on the density of the canopy. For dense canopies choose a volume at the top end of the range. Step 2. Amount of water sprayed per hectare This is the volume of spray your canopy spray unit has been calibrated to apply in L/ha (or perhaps L/100m). This figure will vary when you change your spray plant setup, i.e. tractor speed, nozzle size, number of nozzles used. Step 3. Concentration factor Concentration factor (CF) = theoretical (dilute) spray volume amount of water sprayed per hectare Example 1 Taking into account the canopy size and density at this time of the year, you decide that the theoretical (dilute) spray volume is 1700L/ha. After calibrating the spray unit you find that the amount of water sprayed per hectare is 600L. Concentration factor (CF) = theoretical (dilute) spray volume amount of water sprayed per hectare = = 2.8 Example 2 Taking into account the canopy size and density, you decide that the theoretical (dilute) spray volume is 500L/ha. After calibrating the spray unit you find that the amount of water sprayed per hectare is 500L.Concentration factor (CF) = theoretical (dilute) spray volume amount of water sprayed per hectare = =