Relationship Between Organic Acids, and Quality of Wines. (Central Research Laboratories, Kikkoman Corp., Noda-shi, Chiba, 278)

Transcription

1 J. Brew. Soc. Japan. Vol.77, No.9, p (1982) Relationship Between Organic Acids, and Quality of Wines Yoshimi SHIMAZU, Mikio UEHARA, Shigemichi OKAMURA, and Masazumi (Central Research Laboratories, Kikkoman Corp., Noda-shi, Chiba, 278) WATANABE Relationship between organic acids and quality of Japanese, German and French quality wines (106 samples) was examined. As total acid amounts increased, amounts of ash, reducing sugar, tannin and total nitrogen rose in each wine type, while amounts of ethyl alcohol decreased. In German wines (Kabinett, Spatlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Trockenbeerenauslese, Eiswein) total acid amounts were positively correlated to amounts of ash, reducing sugar, and tannin but not done to amounts of ethyl alcohol and total nitrogen. The ratio of reducing sugar to total acids (RS/TA) of dry Chablis wines was considerably lower than those of Japanese and German wines. Matured yeasty bouquet was particularly perceived in Chablis wines. This suggests the contribution of autolyzates of yeasts to the occurrence of malo-lactic fermentation in Chablis wines. Japanese wines showed smaller amounts of total acids, reducing sugar, ash and total nitrogen and larger amounts of ethyl alcohol and tannin compared with those of German wines. The ratio of RS/TA of Japanese wines approximated to that of Kabinett of German wines. It is suggested that appropriate balance between small amounts of total acids and reducing sugar, and a significant amounts of tannin contribute to excellent taste of French red wines.

2 Table 1 Origins of wines analyzed Japanese Koshu wines Harvested in 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1975, 1976 and 1977 German white winesa) Kabinett 1969 Urziger Wiirzgarten, 1969 Steinberger Riesling 1970 Eltviller Riesling, 1970 Erdener Treppchen Riesling, 1970 Schloss Vollrads, 1970 Wintricher Ohlingsberg, 1970 Steinberger Riesling, 1971 Schloss Vollrads, 1971 Steinberger Riesling, 1971 Schloss Johannisberg, 1971 Erbacher Honigberg Riesling, 1972 Erdener Treppen Riesling, 1973 Brauneberger Juffer, 1973 Brauneberger Juffer Riesling, 1974 Steinberger, 1975 Wehlener Sonnenuhr, 1975 Steinberger Riesling, 1975 Schloss Johannisberg, 1976 Wehlener Sonnenuhr Riesling, 1977 Piesporter Goldtropfen. Spatlese 1970 Piesporter Schubertslay, 1971 Rudesheimer Ros engarten Nahe, 1971 Kanzemer Altenberg, 1971 Eitelsbacher Karthauserhofberger, 1971 Johannisberger Schwarzgarten, 1971 Kiedricher Honigberg Riesling, 1971 Kiedricher Graufenberg, 1971 Johannisberger Schwarzenstein, 1971 Urziger Wiirzgarten, 1971 Piesporter Goldtropfen, 1972 Scharzhofberger, 1973 Kiedricher Wasseros, 1974 Hattenheimer Pfaffenberg, 1975 Schloss Schonborn Riesling, 1975 Wiltinger Mlle, 1975 Urziger Wiirzgarten, 1975 Schloss Johannisberg, 1976 Piesporter Goldtropfen. Auslese 1971 Bernkasteler Dr. and Graben, 1971 Wehlener Sonnenuhr, 1971 Scharzhofberger Gold, 1971 Erbacher Marcobrunnen Riesling, 1971 Steinberger Riesling, 1971 Schloss Johannisberg, 1971 Piesporter Goldtropfen, 1973 Scharzhofberger Reisling, 1973 Leiwener Lauentiuslay, 1975 Zeltinger Sonnenuhr, 197,E Schloss Johhanisberg, 1976 Hochheimer Domechaney Riesling, 1976 Schloss Johannisberg, 1976 Wehlener Sonnenuhr. Beerenauslese 1971 Schloss Johannisberg, 1971 Brauneberger Juffer, 1971 Eitelsbacher, 1971 Erbacher Marcobrunn, 1976 Schloss Johannisberg. Trocken5eerenauslese 1971 Rauenthaler Baiken Riesling, 1971 Piesporter Goldtropfen, 1976 Hochheimer Mille Riesling Eisweinh) 1970 Bernkasteler Dr. and Graben (AS), 1970 Bernkasteler Dr. and Graben (BA), 1970 Schloss Vollrads (AS), 1973 Leiwener Lauentiuslay (BA), 1973 Kiedricher Grdufenberg (BA). French white wines Chablisc) 1972 Chablis Les Blanchots, 1972 Chablis, 1972 Chassagne Montrachet, 1973 Chablis Louis Latuor, 1974 Chablis Bouchard, 1974 Chablis ler-cru Leroy, 1975 Chablis les Blanchots, 1975 Chablis Chablis Geisweiler, 1977 Chablis ler-cru Leroy. French red wine 1964 Château Haut Brion, 1967 La T5che, 1967 Romanee Conti, 1969 Chateau Margaux, 1969 Clue de Vougeot Grand Cru, 1969 Chateau Mouton Rothschild, 1970 Chambertin, 1970 Nuits-Saint-Georges, 1571 Chambertin Clos de Beze, 1971 Château Lafite Rothschild, 1974 Chateau Haut Brion. a) Designated according to the German new wine 1aw20>. b) Symbols : AS ; Auslese, BS ; Beerenauslese. c) This type includes one sample of Chassagne-Montrachet from Bourgogne. * Numbers in parentheses are numbers of samples of each type in German wines.

3 Fig. I. Relationship between mean amounts of total acids and ash, reducing sugar or tannin in each wine type.

4 Fig. 2 Relationship between mean amounts of total acids and total nitrogen or ethyl alcohol in each wine type. The symbols are shown in the legend of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 Relationship between mean values of the ratio of reducing sugar/total acids and tasting point in each wine type. The symbols are shown in the legend of Fig. 1.

5 7) Y. SHIMAZU, M. WATANABE : Die Wein-Wiss 31 45(1976) 8) C. S. OUGH : J. Food. Sci (1963) 9) M. A. AMERINE : Am. J. Enol. Vitic (1965) 10) K. WUCHERPFENNIG : Deut. We in-ztg (1965) 11) C. W. NAGEL, K. R. MCELVAIN : Am. J. Enol. Vitic (1977) 12) R. DE SOTO, H. WARKENTIN : Food Research (1965) 13) G. TROOST : Technologie des Weines, p. 32, p. 520, E. Ulmer, Stuttgart (1972) 14) J. REBREAU-GAYON, E. PEYNAUD : Trait& d' Oenologie Tome Second, p. 421, Librairie Polytechnique, Bêranger, Dunod, Paris (1966) 16) C. J. VANWYK : Am. J. Enol. Vitic (1976) 19) B. C. RANKINE : Am. J. Enol. Vitic (1972) 20) H. HIEKE, H. JXRGEN, R. SEBASTIEN : Das neue deutsche Weinrecht, 56 (1971) 21) La protection des appellation d'origine et le commerce des vins et eaux-de-vie, La Journee Vinicole, 13(1970) 22) E. KLENK : Die Weinbeurteilung, 115, E. Ulmer, Stut. tgart (1971) 24) K. HENNIG, L. JAKOB : Untersuchungsmethoden fiir 2) M. A. AMERINE, H. W. BERG, W. V. CRUSS : The Technology of Wine Making, p. 209, p. 468, p. 680, The Wein und dhnliche Getra.nke, 11, E. Ulmer, Stuttgart AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Connecticut (1972) 5) W. M. KLIEWER, L. HOWARTH, M. OMORI : Am. J. Enol. Vitic (1967) 6) G. W. NAGEL, J. R. POWERS, M. T. ATALIAH, W. N. SAWAYA, G. H. CARTER : Am. 3. Enol. Vitic (1972) (1973) 25) T. SHINOHARA, M. WATANABE : Agric. Biol. Chem (1976)