Management of Resistance to Fungicides used for Botrytis Control in Berries

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1 Management of Resistance to Fungicides used for Botrytis Control in Berries Tobin Peever David Dutton Olga Kozhar Dalphy Harteveld Adrian Alcocer Amreen Toor Funding: WBC WRRC WSCPR WSCBG BC Blueberry Council Department of Plant Pathology, WSU Annemiek Schilder

2 Gray mold Fungicide Resistance Elevate (fenhexamid) - inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis FRAC group 17 Rovral (iprodione) inhibitor of osmoregulation FRAC group 2 Switch (cyprodinil) inhibitor of methionine biosynthesis FRAC group 9 Switch (fludioxonil) inhibitor of osmoregulation FRAC group 12 Pristine (boscalid) inhibitor of respiration FRAC group 7

3 Blueberry Botrytis Sampling 2015 Sampled B. cinerea from 3 blueberry fields in Skagit Co., 1 field in Island Co. and 4 fields in Whatcom Co. in 2015 (n =85) Sampled conventional and low fungicide input fields Field Code County Treatment BC-19-1 Skagit Conventional BC-19-3 Skagit Conventional BC Skagit Low Input BC-22-4 Island Low Input BC Whatcom Conventional BC-19-6 Whatcom Conventional BC-22-8 Whatcom Conventional BC Whatcom Conventional

WA Blueberry Botrytis 2015 Fungicide Resistance Fenhexamid Boscalid Cyprodinil 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

4 WA Blueberry Botrytis 2015 Fungicide Resistance Fenhexamid Boscalid Cyprodinil Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 Field 4 Field 5 Field 6 Field 7 Field 8 Skagit Whatcom

5 Summary No evidence of resistance to fludioxonil or iprodione in WA or rest of PNW to date Resistance detected to 3 of 5 site-specific fungicides used to control Botrytis in berries some fields have high levels to all 3 Widespread resistance to fenhexamid, boscalid, and cyprodinil in multiple berry crops need to reduce selection Large variation in frequencies of resistance from field to field are Botrytis populations quite local? Clear correlation of fungicide use history to fungicide resistance strong selection for resistance

6 FRAC Group 7 Fungicides (SDHIs) Inhibit succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrion ( Boscalid widespread resistance in PNW average freq. ~ 70% Isofetamid ( Kenja, ISK) Adepidyn ( Miravis, Syngenta) Fluopyram ( Luna series, Bayer) Penthiopyrad ( Fontelis, Dupont) Fluxapyroxad ( Xemium, BASF) New FRAC Group 7 Fungicides New SDHI fungicides are claimed by their manufacturers to control most boscalid-resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea Mechanism of boscalid resistance is known mutations in subunits B, C, and D of succinate dehydrogenase abolish binding Efficacy of these new fungicides will depend on which mutations are present in PNW

7 Group 7 EC 50 Values in PNW boscalid adepidyn Frequency Cut-off value for boscalid resistance isofetamid fluopyram penthiopyrad EC 50

8 Cross-Resistance Resistance to Fungicide B Fungicides in the same FRAC group are generally cross-resistant Resistance to Fungicide A

9 Cross resistance to boscalid in PNW Botrytis Fluopyram (5ppm) Isofetamid (1ppm) Boscalid (5ppm) Boscalid (5ppm) Adepidyn (1ppm) Boscalid (5ppm) Penthiopyrad (5ppm) Boscalid (5ppm)

10 Next Steps Screen a larger number of B. cinerea isolates from different berry crops in WA for sensitivity to adepidyn, isofetamid, fluopyram, penthiopyrad, fluxapyroxad, solatenol Relate in vitro sensitivity to field rates of fungicides on fruit establish a threshold for resistance for each fungicide Field trials of new Group 7 fungicides to test efficacy and support registration for use on berries

11 New Products and Resistance Management Strategies for Mummy Berry and Botrytis Alan Schreiber and Tom Walters

12 Mummy berry and botrytis trial #1 Skagit Valley 15 treatments, 6 programs and 8 active ingredients only. Trial location was previously organic. Pressure was moderate not too low, not too high. No resistance Started applications very early end of February. Trial location was adjacent to the organic trial.

13 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry #1 Trt Treatment Form Form Rate # of No. Name Conc Unit Rate Unit Applications 1UTC 2Indar 2F 2LB/GAL 6fl oz/a ABCD 2Pristine 38% 20oz/a DEF 3Orbit 3.6LB/GAL 6fl oz/a ABCD 3Switch 62.5% 14oz wt/a DEF 4Quash 50 WDG 50% 2.5oz/a ABCD 4Switch 62.5% 14oz wt/a DEF 5Pristine 38% 20oz/a ABCDEF 6Rovral 4LB/GAL 32fl oz/a ABCDE 7Chlorothalonil 6LB/GAL 32fl oz/a ABCDEF 8Captan 50 WP 50% 2.76lb/a ABCDEF 9Luna Tranquility 45% 13.6fl oz/a ABCDEF 10Propulse 34.8% 13.6fl oz/a ABCDEF 11Proline 4LB/GAL 5.7oz/a ABCDEF 12Rovral 4LB/GAL 32fl oz/a A 12Topguard Speciality 1LB/GAL 13fl oz/a B 12Rovral 4LB/GAL 32fl oz/a C 12Pristine 38% 18oz/a D 12Fracture 20% 24fl oz/a E 13Fracture 20% 24fl oz/a ABCDE 14Topguard Speciality 1LB/GAL 13fl oz/a ABCDE 15Rovral 4LB/GAL 32fl oz/a A 15Fracture 20% 24fl oz/a B 15Topguard Speciality 1LB/GAL 13fl oz/a C 15Pristine 38% 18oz/a D 15Topguard Speciality 1LB/GAL 13fl oz/a E

14 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry #1 - Skagit Valley Trt Treatment Mummy berry strikes flowers/leaves/plot flower/leave/plant berries/plant Botrytis on berries No. Name 3-May 3-May 25-Jun 25-Jun 1 UTC 15.3 a 1.9a 12.0 a 4.3 abc 2 Ind/Ind/Ind/Ind/Pris/Pris 0.0 d 0.0d 2.0 cd 0.8 d 3 Orb/Orb/Orb/Orb/Swi/Swit/Swit 1.3 cd 0.2cd 5.8 a-d 1.3 cd 4 Qua/Qua/Qua/Qua/Swi/Swi/Swi 1.0 cd 0.1cd 1.0 cd 2.8 bcd 5 Pristine 2.0bcd 0.3bcd 1.0cd 1.8bcd 6 Rov/Rov/Rov/Rov/Rov (4 vs 5) 6.8bc 0.9bc 9.3abc 1.5bcd 7 Chlorothalonil 5.8 bcd 0.8bcd 8.3 a-d 2.8 bcd 8 Captan 50 WP 8.3 b 1.1b 11.3 ab 1.8 bcd 9 Luna Tranquility 1.5cd 0.2cd 0.5cd 0.8d 10 Propulse 1.0cd 0.1cd 0.0d 1.0cd 11 Proline 0.0 d 0.0d 0.0 d 2.0 bcd 12 Rov/TopG/Rov/Pris/Frac 2.8 bcd 0.4bcd 6.0 a-d 3.5 a-d 13 Fracture 0.8cd 0.1cd 3.0bcd 6.5a 14 Topguard Speciality 0.8cd 0.1cd 2.0cd 4.8ab 15 Rov/Frac/TopG/Pris/TopG 1.3cd 0.18cd 2.5bcd 4.8ab

15 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry #1 - Skagit Valley ranked by mummyberry strikes on flowers/leaves per plot Mummy berry strikes Trt Treatment flowers/leaves/plot flowers/leave/plant berries/plant Botrytis on berries No. Name 3-May 3-May 25-Jun 25-Jun 2Ind/Ind/Ind/Ind/Pris/Pris 0.0d 0.0d 2.0 cd 0.8 d 11Proline 0.0d 0.0d 0.0 d 2.0 bcd 13Fracture 0.8cd 0.1cd 3.0 bcd 6.5 a 14Topguard Speciality 0.8cd 0.1cd 2.0 cd 4.8 ab 4Qua/Qua/Qua/Qua/Swi/Swit/Swit 1.0cd 0.1cd 1.0 cd 2.8 bcd 10Propulse 1.0cd 0.1cd 0.0 d 1.0 cd 3Orb/Orb/Orb/Orb/Swit/Swit/Swit 1.3cd 0.2cd 5.8 a-d 1.3 cd 15Rov/Frac/TopG/Pris/TopG 1.3cd 0.2cd 2.5 bcd 4.8 ab 9Luna Tranquility 1.5cd 0.2cd 0.5cd 0.8d 5Pristine 2.0bcd 0.3bcd 1.0 cd 1.8 bcd 12Rov/TopG/Rov/Pris/Frac 2.8bcd 0.4bcd 6.0 a-d 3.5 a-d 7Chlorothalonil 5.8bcd 0.8bcd 8.3 a-d 2.8 bcd 6Rov/Rov/Rov/Rov/Rov 6.8bc 0.9bc 9.3 abc 1.5 bcd 8Captan 50 WP 8.3b 1.1b 11.3 ab 1.8 bcd 1UTC 15.3a 1.9a 12.0 a 4.3 abc

16 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry #1 - Skagit Valley incidence on fruit Mummy berry strikes Trt Treatment flowers/leaves/plot flower/leave/plant berries/plant Botrytis on berries No. Name 3-May 3-May 25-Jun 25-Jun 11 Proline 0.0 d 0.0 d 0.0d 2.0 bcd 10 Propulse 1.0cd 0.1cd 0.0d 1.0cd 9 Luna Tranquility 1.5cd 0.2cd 0.5cd 0.8d 4 Qua/Qua/Qua/Qua/Swi/Swi/Swi 1.0 cd 0.1 cd 1.0cd 2.8 bcd 5 Pristine 2.0bcd 0.3bcd 1.0cd 1.8bcd 2 Ind/Ind/Ind/Ind/Pris/Pris 0.0 d 0.0 d 2.0cd 0.8 d 14 Topguard Speciality 0.8cd 0.1cd 2.0cd 4.8ab 15 Rov/Frac/TopG/Pris/TopG 1.3 cd 0.2 cd 2.5bcd 4.8 ab 13 Fracture 0.8cd 0.1cd 3.0bcd 6.5a 3 Orb/Orb/Orb/Orb/Swit/Swit/Swi 1.3 cd 0.2 cd 5.8a-d 1.3 cd 12 Rov/TopG/Rov/Pris/Frac 2.8 bcd 0.4 bcd 6.0a-d 3.5 a-d 7 Chlorothalonil 5.8 bcd 0.8 bcd 8.3a-d 2.8 bcd 6 Rov/Rov/Rov/Rov/Rov 6.8 bc 0.9 bc 9.3abc 1.5 bcd 8 Captan 50 WP 8.3 b 1.1 b 11.3ab 1.8 bcd 1 UTC 15.3 a 1.9 a 12.0a 4.3 abc

17 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry #1 - Skagit Valley ranked by Botrytis on berries Mummy berry strikes Botrytis on berries Trt Treatment flowers/leaves/plot flowers/leave/plant berries/plant No. Name 3-May 3-May 25-Jun 25-Jun 9 Luna Tranquility 1.5cd 0.2cd 0.5cd 0.8d 2 Ind/Ind/Ind/Ind/Pris/Pris 0.0d 0.0d 2.0 cd 0.8 d 10 Propulse 1.0cd 0.1cd 0.0 d 1.0 cd 3 Orb/Orb/Orb/Orb/Swit/Swit/Swit 1.3cd 0.2cd 5.8 a-d 1.3 cd 6 Rov/Rov/Rov/Rov/Rov 6.8bc 0.9bc 9.3 abc 1.5 bcd 5 Pristine 2.0bcd 0.3bcd 1.0 cd 1.8 bcd 8 Captan 50 WP 8.3b 1.1b 11.3 ab 1.8 bcd 11 Proline 0.0d 0.0d 0.0 d 2.0 bcd 4 Qua/Qua/Qua/Qua/Swit/Swit/Swi 1.0cd 0.1cd 1.0 cd 2.8 bcd 7 Chlorothalonil 5.8bcd 0.8bcd 8.3 a-d 2.8 bcd 12 Rov/TopG/Rov/Pris/Frac 2.8bcd 0.4bcd 6.0 a-d 3.5 a-d 1 UTC 15.3a 1.9a 12.0 a 4.3 abc 14 Topguard Speciality 0.8cd 0.1cd 2.0cd 4.8ab 15 Rov/Frac/TopG/Pris/TopG 1.3cd 0.2cd 2.5 bcd 4.8 ab 13 Fracture 0.8cd 0.1cd 3.0 bcd 6.5 a

18 Mummy berry and botrytis trial # 2 Alan Schreiber and Tom Walters

19 We conducted a second trial Same location as previous trials. Same experimental design. 15 treatments; 5 program treatments, 9 single active ingredient treatments, totaling 13 treatments.

20 Mummyberry and Botrytis Trial # 2 - Skagit Valley Trt Treatment Form Form Rate # of No. Name Conc Unit Rate Unit Applications 1 UTC 2 Chlorothalonil 6LB/GAL 32fl oz/a A 2 Indar 2F 2LB/GAL 6fl oz/a B 2 Proline 4LB/GAL 5.7fl oz/a C 2 Switch 62 WG 62%AW/W 11oz/a D 2 Pristine 38% 18oz/a E 2 Abound 2.08LB/GAL 10fl oz/a F 2 Elevate 50% 1.5lb/a F 3 Meteor 4LB/GAL 32oz/a ABCDEF 4 Topsin M 70% 1.5lb/a ABCDEF 4 Meteor 4LB/GAL 32oz/a ABCDEF 5 Torino SC 10% 3.4fl oz/a ABCDEF 6 Torino SC 10% 5fl oz/a ABCDEF 7 Torino SC 10% 6.5fl oz/a ABCDEF 8 Kenja 400 SC 400g/L 13.5fl oz/a ABCD 9 Kenja 400 SC 400g/L 15.5fl oz/a ABCD 10 Switch 62.5% 11oz/a ABCD 11 Kenja 400 SC 400g/L 13.5fl oz/a ABCD 11 Omega 500g/L 1.25fl oz/a EF 12 Chlorothalonil 6LB/GAL 32fl oz/a A 12 Indar 2F 2LB/GAL 6fl oz/a BC 12 Switch 62.5% 14oz wt/ad 13 Indar 2F 2LB/GAL 6fl oz/a AB 13 Pristine 38% 20oz/a C 13 Switch 62.5% 14oz wt/ad 14 OSO 5% 5% 13fl oz/a DEF

21 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry - Skagit Valley Mummy berry strikes Trt Treatment flowers/leave/plot flowers/leaves/plant berries/plant Botrytis on berries No. Name 3-May 3-May 25-Jun 25-Jun 1UTC 13.5a 1.9 a 17.8 a 1.3 b 2Chlo/Ind/Prol/Swi/Pri/Abou/Elev 0.8e 0.1 d 0.3 c 0.5 b 3Meteor 1.8de 0.3cd 3.3c 0.5b 4Topsin M/Meteor 4.5b-e 0.7bcd 1.3c 1.8b 5Torino SC 5.3b-e 0.7bcd 8.3bc 4.3a 6Torino SC 9.3abc 1.2abc 13.8ab 0.5b 7Torino SC 9.3abc 1.3ab 8bc 2.3ab 8Kenja 400 SC 7.5a-e 1 abc 4.5 c 2 ab 9Kenja 400 SC 6.5a-e 0.9 bcd 6.5 bc 2 ab 10Switch 9.8ab 1.3 ab 0.5 c 1 b 11Ken/Ken/Ken/Ken/Omg/Omg 8.5a-d 1.1 abc 5.3 bc 0.8 b 12Chlor/Ind/Ind/Switch 0.8e 0.1 d 2.8 c 1 b 13Indar/Indar/Pristine/Switch 3.3b-e 0.5 bcd 1.5 c 1 b 14OSO 5% 2.3cde 0.3 cd 2.8 c 1.3 b 15OSO 5% 2.3cde 0.3 cd 2.3 c 2.8 ab

22 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry - Skagit Valley ranked by strikes on leaves and flowers per plot Mummy berry strikes Trt Treatment flowers/leave/plot flowers/leaves/plant berries/plant Botrytis on berries No. Name 3-May 3-May 25-Jun 25-Jun 2 Chlo/Ind/Prol/Swi/Pri/Abou/Elev 0.8e 0.1 d 0.3 c 0.5 b 12 Chlor/Ind/Ind/Switch 0.8e 0.1 d 2.8 c 1.0 b 3 Meteor 1.8de 0.3cd 3.3c 0.5b 14 OSO 5% 2.3cde 0.3 cd 2.8 c 1.3 b 15 OSO 5% 2.3cde 0.3 cd 2.3 c 2.8 ab 13 Indar/Indar/Pristine/Switch 3.3b-e 0.5 bcd 1.5 c 1.0 b 4 Topsin M/Meteor 4.5b-e 0.7bcd 1.3c 1.8b 5 Torino SC 5.3b-e 0.7bcd 8.3bc 4.3a 9 Kenja 400 SC 6.5a-e 0.9 bcd 6.5 bc 2.0 ab 8 Kenja 400 SC 7.5a-e 1.0 abc 4.5 c 2.0 ab 11 Ken/Ken/Ken/Ken/Omg/Omg 8.5a-d 1.1 abc 5.3 bc 0.8 b 6 Torino SC 9.3abc 1.2abc 13.8ab 0.5b 7 Torino SC 9.3abc 1.3ab 8.0bc 2.3ab 10 Switch 9.8ab 1.3 ab 0.5 c 1.0 b 1 UTC 13.5a 1.9 a 17.8 a 1.3 b

23 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry - Skagit Valley Ranked by strikes on fruit Mummy berry strikes Trt Treatment flowers/leave/plot flowers/leaves/plant berries/plant Botrytis on berries No. Name 3-May 3-May 25-Jun 25-Jun 2 Chlo/Ind/Prol/Swi/Pri/Abou/Elev 0.8e 0.1d 0.3 c 0.5 b 10 Switch 9.8ab 1.3ab 0.5 c 1.0 b 4 Topsin M/Meteor 4.5b-e 0.7bcd 1.3 c 1.8 b 13 Indar/Indar/Pristine/Switch 3.3b-e 0.5bcd 1.5 c 1.0 b 15 OSO 5% 2.3cde 0.3cd 2.3 c 2.8 ab 12 Chlor/Ind/Ind/Switch 0.8e 0.1d 2.8 c 1.0 b 14 OSO 5% 2.3cde 0.3cd 2.8 c 1.3 b 3 Meteor 1.8de 0.3cd 3.3 c 0.5 b 8 Kenja 400 SC 7.5a-e 1.0abc 4.5 c 2.0 ab 11 Ken/Ken/Ken/Ken/Omg/Omg 8.5a-d 1.1abc 5.3 bc 0.8 b 9 Kenja 400 SC 6.5a-e 0.9bcd 6.5 bc 2.0 ab 7 Torino SC 9.3abc 1.3ab 8.0bc 2.3 ab 5 Torino SC 5.3b-e 0.7bcd 8.3bc 4.3 a 6 Torino SC 9.3abc 1.2abc 13.8ab 0.5 b 1 UTC 13.5a 1.9a 17.8 a 1.3 b

24 Conventional Mummyberry and Botrytis Control in Blueberry - Skagit Valley Ranked by Botrytis on fruit Mummy berry strikes Trt Treatment flowers/leave/plot flowers/leaves/plant berries/plant Botrytis on berries No. Name 3-May 3-May 25-Jun 25-Jun 2 Chlo/Ind/Prol/Swi/Pris/Abou/Elev 0.8e 0.1d 0.3 c 0.5 b 3 Meteor 1.8de 0.3cd 3.3 c 0.5 b 6 Torino SC 9.3abc 1.2abc 13.8ab 0.5b 11 Ken/Ken/Ken/Ken/Omg/Omg 8.5a-d 1.1abc 5.3 bc 0.8 b 10 Switch 9.8ab 1.3ab 0.5 c 1.0 b 12 Chlor/Ind/Ind/Switch 0.8e 0.1d 2.8 c 1.0 b 13 Indar/Indar/Pristine/Switch 3.3b-e 0.5bcd 1.5 c 1.0 b 1 UTC 13.5a 1.9a 17.8 a 1.3 b 14 OSO 5% 2.3cde 0.3cd 2.8 c 1.3 b 4 Topsin M/Meteor 4.5b-e 0.7bcd 1.3c 1.8b 8 Kenja 400 SC 7.5a-e 1.0abc 4.5 c 2.0 ab 9 Kenja 400 SC 6.5a-e 0.9bcd 6.5 bc 2.0 ab 7 Torino SC 9.3abc 1.3ab 8.0bc 2.3ab 15 OSO 5% 2.3cde 0.3cd 2.3 c 2.8 ab 5 Torino SC 5.3b-e 0.7bcd 8.3bc 4.3a

25 Orange means commerical level control Black means moderate efficacy Light blue means lack of efficacy. Trt Treatment Form Form Rate # of No. Name Conc Unit Rate Unit Applications 1 UTC 2 Chlorothalonil 6LB/GAL 32fl oz/a A 2 Indar 2F 2LB/GAL 6fl oz/a B 2 Proline 4LB/GAL 5.7fl oz/a C 2 Switch 62 WG 62%AW/W 11oz/a D 2 Pristine 38% 18oz/a E 2 Abound 2.08LB/GAL 10fl oz/a F 2 Elevate 50% 1.5lb/a F 3 Meteor 4LB/GAL 32oz/a ABCDEF 4 Topsin M 70% 1.5lb/a ABCDEF 4 Meteor 4LB/GAL 32oz/a ABCDEF 5 Torino SC 10% 3.4fl oz/a ABCDEF 6 Torino SC 10% 5fl oz/a ABCDEF 7 Torino SC 10% 6.5fl oz/a ABCDEF 8 Kenja 400 SC 400g/L 13.5fl oz/a ABCD 9 Kenja 400 SC 400g/L 15.5fl oz/a ABCD 10 Switch 62.5% 11oz/a ABCD 11 Kenja 400 SC 400g/L 13.5fl oz/a ABCD 11 Omega 500g/L 1.25fl oz/a EF 12 Chlorothalonil 6LB/GAL 32fl oz/a A 12 Indar 2F 2LB/GAL 6fl oz/a BC 12 Switch 62.5% 14oz wt/a D 13 Indar 2F 2LB/GAL 6fl oz/a AB 13 Pristine 38% 20oz/a C 13 Switch 62.5% 14oz wt/a D 14 OSO 5% 5% 13fl oz/a DEF 15OSO 5% 5% 6.5fl oz/a DEF

26 Some thoughts about mummy berry. A Meteor (iprodione) treatment was effective in Trial 1, but a Rovral (iprodione) treatment was not that effective in Trial 2. Does not make sense. Oso was not very effective in the organic trial but was effective in the conventional trial. Fracture was more effective in the conventional trial than the organic trial. Products that were most effective Meteor, Proline, Propulse, OSO, Luna Tranquility, Indar/Pristine and some program treatments. Topguard was interesting. Group 3 Indar/Orbit/Proline Products that did not work well Captan, Rovral, Torino (not registered on blueberry). Kenja was intermediate first trial against mummy berry.

27 Some thoughts on botrytis Pressure was low, which limits the conclusions we can draw. Products that did not provide a high level of control included Fracture, Topguard (flutriafol), chlorothalonil, the low rate of Oso and the low and intermediate rates of Torino. Products providing better control (remember this is a location without resistance Meteor, Luna Tranquility, Propulse, Proline, Captan, Switch, Pristine and programs that contain these products.

28 We did a botrytis trial on blackberry very high pressure botrytis crop. Trial was in Skagit. Important point resistance to iprodione, cyprodinil, fenhexamid and boscalid at this location. I fear this trial may be emblematic of what could happen in bad botrytis year in fields with fungicide resistance.

29 Blackberry Botrytis Efficacy Trial - Skagit Valley Trt Treatment Form Form Rate Appl 9/6/2016 No. Name Conc Unit Rate Unit Code infected berries per plot 8 Fontelis 20% 20fl oz/a ABCDEFGH 74.5d 12 Luna Tranquility 4.16LBA/GAL 18fl oz/a ABF 78.0cd 12 CAPTAN 80%W/W 2.5lb/a DE 12 SERENADE OPTI 26.2%W/W 20oz/a C 10 Luna Tranquility 4.16LBA/GAL 18fl oz/a ABCDEFGH 89.3cd 2 OMEGA 4.17LB/GAL 1.25pt/a ABCDEFGH 102.0cd 11 Luna Tranquility 4.16LBA/GAL 18fl oz/a ABE 105.0cd 11 CAPTAN 80%W/W 2.5lb/a CD 11 SERENADE OPTI 26.2%W/W 20oz/a F 9 Kenja 400GA/L 15.5fl oz/a ABCDEFGH 118.5bcd 4 CAPTAN 80%W/W 2.5lb/a ABCDEFGH 121.8bc 6 PRISTINE- R 38%W/W 23oz/a ABCDEFGH 150.5ab 5 ELEVATE - R 50%W/W 1.5lb/a ABCDEFGH 151.5ab 3 SWITCH -R 62.5%W/W 14oz/a ABCDEFGH 157.3ab 1 Untreated 169.5a 7 IPRODIONE - R 4% 1pt/a ABCDEFGH 185.0a

Fungicide sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold of berries in WA

Fungicide sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold of berries in WA Tobin Peever David Dutton Olga Kozhar Dalphy Harteveld Adrian Alcocer Amreen Toor Department of Plant Pathology, WSU Funding: