V. Colova(Tsolova) Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit research College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture Florida A & M University

Transcription

1 National Clean Plant Network Program /Tier 2: GRAPE National Clean Plant Network FY2010 Southeastern Vine Improvement and Distribution Program: Disease Free G1 /G2 Planting Stock for Viticulture Industry in Florida and Southeastern Region V. Colova(Tsolova) Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit research College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture Florida A & M University

2 Requested budget from NCPN Program FY2010: Component #1: Diagnostic and therapy of economically important muscadine and Florida native hybrid varieties Budget : $ 93,850 Component # 2: Establishing G1- nuclear disease free planting block in protected environment (under screen) and sustaining the Foundation Vineyard (G2): Budget $ 107,416 Total Direct Cost t Requested - $ 220, 592 Total Received: 112,864

3 This program is focused to provide services to the southeastern (PD restricted) viticulture region by: Producing disease-free muscadine and Florida hybrid grape varieties by in vitro meristem culture. Conducting research on diagnostic for crown gall, viruses and Eutypa in muscadine and Florida hybrid bunch grape varieties. Assisting the clean plant extension and certification programs. The program will help local grape and wine industry to grow and sustain as well as contribute to the development of national clean plant standards for muscadines and for Florida native hybrid varieties (NCPN Mission).

4 Short term objectives: Establishing and maintain 4.5 acres Foundation Vineyard (G2) initially from 25 economically important Muscadine and Florida native hybrid varieties and rootstocks, originating from single source in vitro meristem culture Establishing and maintain the disease free (G1) nuclear planting stock in screen house of single copy grapevines

5 Co-operators: University of Georgia, Tifton: Dr. Gerard Krewer, Professor Horticulture, Extension is contributing his long term experience with muscadine growers and will be instrumental in determining the candidate varieties to be included in the foundation block and will lead the extension work with the Georgia s nurseries. Auburn University, Alabama: Dr. Elina Coneva, Assistant Professor, Horticulture, Extension link the Program with the specific problems of the Alabama and Louisiana grape industries. Cornell University, Geneva: Dr. Marc Fuchs and Dr. Tom Burr, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology assisting us with the diagnostic for viruses and crown gall.

6 Stakeholder Participants Florida Grape Growers Association (FGGA)- serve as a framework of the Program in Florida. Florida Viticulture Advisory Council (VAC)- provide financial support on a yearly contract base. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/Plant Industry - key partner in developing and implementing the phytosanitary standards for grapevines and nursery certification program. Sirvent s Nursery & Vineyard, Florida clientele and advisory board member from Florida. Botom s Nursery & Vineyard, Georgia- clientele and advisory board member from Georgia, the biggest specialized muscadine nursery in the region. Grabowski Vineyard and Nursery, Texas- clientele and advisory board member from Texas, working with Blanc du Bois var. and other Florida bunch grapes.

7 Vine Improvement scheme Selected Mother vines-first generation elite planting material from Best Management Block after 3-4 years of observation showing the best characteristics. Elite clones improved planting material

8 Diagnostic and Therapy Mother vines originating from single source in vitro meristematic tip placed on elongation agar media in growth room at 25C

9 Diagnostic and Therapy After the tip elongated they are transferred to root initiation medium until they grow 5cm

10 Diagnostic and Therapy Rooted plantlets were potted into 4 Sungrow mix soil and grown at 25C with 16/8 light: dark photoperiod in a chamber.

11 Diagnostic and Therapy After one month the grapes are transplanted to one gallon pots and grown at 25C with 16/8 light: dark photoperiod in a chamber.

12 Pathogen Testing: Cornell University 18 viruses by ELISA and 3 viruses by RT-PCR Cornell University Crown gall Eurofins STA Laboratories, Inc CA, for fungus s and others using, microbiological culture, ELISA, PCR and RT-PCR depending on the pathogen

13 Mother Grapevines VIRAL PANEL

14 Florida A & M University-Viticulture Center Fungal Panel

15 Sanitary Status to Mother Vines

16 Viral Panel - Results From 14 Mother grapevines only two varieties Supreme and Magnolia shown positive reaction for Grapevine Leafroll-Associated virus 1 Diagnostic and traceability to the single vine source and preventive elimination by in vitro meristem culture propagation

17 Results Some of the Mother grapevines showed positive reaction for different fungal pathogenes,which are not dangerous for the plant Combined all panels showed that 14 Mother plants are free from Agrobacterium vitis and Eutypa. Only 5 Mothers are free from Pierce s disease and 12 mother plants are free from viruses.

18 Southeastern Vine Improvement and Distribution Program Logic model: 25 varieties: 19 muscadines+2 rootstocks + 6 FL hybrid var. Disease Elimination: In vitro mm meristem culture Source Block Pathogen Testing: after 6-12 months growth BMP vineyard CV&SFR 11 viruses+eytypa, Agro, PD ( mother vines after 4 years quality observations Pathogen Testing: 11 viruses+eytypa, Agro, PD Foundation vineyard Disease Free G1 Nuclear Planting Stock -1 copy in screen house Southeast Grape Certification Program Certified Block in Registered Nurseries Certified Planting Stock for the Industry

19 Why Florida and SE are special??? Purcell & Hopkins Plant Disease Reporter 2003

20 Eutypa

21 Pierces Disease

22 Crown gall

23 What we can grow? Common name Muscadine, Bullace, Scuppernong is well known troughout the southern states as the original American wine or the first American grape and etc. Noble var. Fry var.

24 It has very unusual exotic appearance. It grows in clusters, rather than in bunches, and its fruit resemble small plums, more so than grapes.

25 Vineyard-BMP-Blanc du Bois

26 Vineyard-BMP-Stover

27 Vineyard-BMP-Cynthiana/Norton

28 Appellations producing the most Muscadine wines: North Carolina (State Appellation) wines labeled Tennessee (State Appellation) Alabama (State Appellation) - 39 wine labels Texas (State Appellation) 321 wine labels Florida (State Appellation) - 30 wine labels America (Country Appellation) Georgia (State Appellation) wine labels South Carolina (State Appellation) - Louisiana (State Appellation) - 22 wines labels Arkansas (State Appellation)

29 What we have in common??? PD s limitation and high disease occurrence due to hot and humid climate Numerous legislative obstacles in the aftermath of the Prohibition time Long and rich history with failures in to the recent past Bright future and industry on a rise

30 What is helping us? Muscadinia rotundifolia, Small is native to the southeastern United States and has been cultivated for more than 400 years. The discovery of high levels of anti-oxidant compounds in muscadine juices and wines has brought more attention to the muscadine grape, not only as an alternative cash value crop for the Southeast, but also as a new healthy food. (Colova et al., 2007) 1.Growing markets 2. Recent legislative changes 3. Vacated land and transfer of resources from the tobacco industry s settlement.

31 Industry need: What is stopping us? 1. Lack of improved disease free planting material for muscadines or completely absence of such for highly promising bunch grape variety like Stover and Suwannee or rootstock vines. 2. Growing industry, growing monoculture of the vineyards is coming at the price of even higher pest and disease occurrence.

32 Thank You!!!