Correlation. Fountas & Pinnell DRA M 28. Plant and Animal Life Cycles Seed Dispersal

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1 Plant and Animal Life Cycles Seed Dispersal Correlation Fountas & Pinnell DRA M 28 Written under funding from Monroe 2 Orleans BOCES by: Antonietta Quinn, Resource Teacher Ashlee Bryant, Reading Specialist Kristen Giuliano, Reading Specialist Paulette Reddick, Reading Specialist Designed and Printed by the BOCES 2 Printing and Graphics Services. 1/10 Copyright 2010 by the Board of Cooperative Educational Services for the Second Supervisory District of Monroe and Orleans Counties, Elementary Science Program. All rights reserved. This publication may only be reproduced for one-time classroom use. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted or reproduced, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Monroe 2 Orleans BOCES, Elementary Science Program. Elementary Science Program

2 Needs of Plants Plants have needs that help them survive. These needs include light, water, and space to grow. Fruits are unique. There are many different fruits which move seeds from place to place in different ways. When you see a fruit of a plant, examine it closely. The properties of the fruit will give you some clues about how it disperses its seeds. Plants can t grow too close together because overcrowding may cause them to die. When plants are overcrowded, many plants are sharing the same amount of light and water. Plants have to send their seeds away so new plants will grow away from the parent plant. 2 15

3 Plants throw their seeds. Some plants move their seeds with force. The jewelweed plant is an example of a plant that has pods with seeds. When one of the pods is moved it explodes open, and this throws its seeds away from the plant. This scatters the seed to a new location. Seeds move and travel. A flowering plant s fruit holds the seed of the plant. The plant s fruit can help in moving the seeds away from the parent plant. Look at the pictures below. What fruits do you see here? 14 Jewelweed Plant Let s look at the fruit of the maple tree more closely. The wing portion around the seed is the fruit. 3

4 There are many different ways fruits are moved to new locations. A plant moves its seed by seed dispersal, which means spreading or scattering. An animal also can eat the fruit of a plant, and the seed drops to the ground in the animal s waste. A plant may now begin to grow in this new location. Birds eat cherries. Bears eat raspberries. 4 13

5 Animals disperse seeds. Animals help plants disperse their seeds. A fruit may have hooks, barbs, or burrs. The fruit sticks to fur, feathers, or clothing of an animal. The fruit then moves with the animal. The fruit is licked, shaken, or picked off. It drops onto the soil in a new location, and the seed can grow. Fruits may be dispersed by wind, water, animals, or force. Burdock has a fruit with hooks. 12 5

6 The wind disperses seeds. Wind is one way seeds can be dispersed. The wind can move some seeds miles away. The new plants that grow will have more space to grow. They will also be able to better meet their other needs, like light and water. Coconut trees are found on beaches near the ocean. The ocean carries the fruit of the coconut tree and its seed to new locations to grow. Coconut Willow trees grow on riverbanks. The river disperses the fruits from this tree to new locations. Willow 6 11

7 Water disperses seeds. Some plants grow near water, and they use the water to move their fruits. The fruits that hold the seeds float on the water. They can float because they are waterproof. The water moves the seeds to a new place to grow. Some fruits have wings that allow them to be dispersed by air. The wings on the fruit help the fruit fly to a new location to grow. The fruit of the elm tree helps the seed glide on the wind. 10 7

8 Some fruits have parachutes that carry them far away on the wind. Dandelion and milkweed fruits have parachutes that allow them to soar. Have you ever blown the parachutes off a dandelion plant? Dandelion Other fruits have spinners that rotate in the wind. The way they spin allows them to remain in the air. Then the wind blows them far from the parent plant. Ash Milkweed Dandelion and milkweed fruits have parachutes. The fruits of a maple tree and an ash tree have spinners. Maple 8 9