Effect of Grafting Time and Cultivar on Successful Propagation of Italian Olive in Hot Summer of Peshawar-Pakistan

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1 Americn-Eursin J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (2): , 2016 ISSN IDOSI Publictions, 2016 DOI: /iosi.ejes Effect of Grfting Time n Cultivr on Successful Propgtion of Itlin Olive in Hot Summer of Peshwr-Pkistn * Ibrr Hussin, Azmt Ali Awn, Sqib Ali, Ibullh Jn, Muhmm Ali Khn, Asif Ali Khn, Ail Khn n Wqr Krim 1 Agriculturl Reserch Institute, Trnb Frm, Peshwr-Pkistn 2 Deprtment of Horticulture, KPK Agriculturl University Peshwr-Pkistn 3 Deprtment of Agriculture, University of Swbi-Pkistn 4 Institute of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Fislb-Pkistn Abstrct: Olive is one of e mjor oil see crops t re very populr roun e worl ue to its physicochemicl n hel properties. As it is so populr, Olive cn ply n importnt role in e economy of country n us best prctices cn increse prouction per plnt. Therefore, n ttempt hs been me to test e effect of ree grfting times (, n ) n olive cultivrs (Frntoio, Moresc, Bincolell n Leccino) on e prouction of Itlin olives. The stuy ws crrie out t Agriculture Reserch Institute Trnb, Peshwr-Pkistn uring e summer of The vrious grow prmeters (such s, sprouting percentge, number of sprouts, sprout leng, number of leves n ys to sprout) were recore from e time fter grfting. The highest number of sprouts, sprouting percentge n ys to sprout ws observe in plnts grfte in, wheres, e mximum leng of sprouts n leves per sprout ws notice in plnts grfte in. Plnts of Bincolell cultivr grfte in took fewer ys to sprout compre to oer tretments. In generl e Itlin olive cultivr, Frntoio performe well mong e oer cultivrs n hence conclue t Frntoio is goo scion to be grfte in in Peshwr-Pkistn. Key wors: Ole europe Cultivrs Propgtion Scion Grfting Time of grfting INTRODUCTION prouce high qulity foo for consumers. Besie e oer crops or fruits, e prouction of new olive plnts The olive (Ole europe L.) belongs to fmily wi high yiel n resistnce to biotic n biotic Olecee n is meium size tree. The size, cnopy stresses is of prime importnce to growers. Vegettive ensity n color of e woo of olive cultivrs chnges propgtion [3, 4] wi pplying of grow regultors wi growing conitions. The ult leves re simple n [5, 6] is wiely use meo in olive. Like most of e ellipticl or lnceolte shpe, wi leng of 5 to 7 cm oer fruit plnts, olive propgte rough grfting, cn n wi 1.0 to 1.5 cm. The flower is compose of four be ble to preserve e prentl trits (i.e. ensure sme green sepls n four white petls, which form coroll. qulities of moer plnt) [7] n re of true to type plnts. The fruit is known s rupe t is smll in size wi Grfting is common n successful technique use ellipsoil shpe. The olive tree cultivtion h strte in mny wooy plnts hving sme species. It helps four ousn yers BC ner e De Se, e region plnts to ssists scion in shring wter n nutrients vi covering Syri, Lebnon n Isrel, which lter expne roots n pt to e environment esily [8]. To reuce to e Meiterrnen region. Olive is currently cultivte e time for commercil prouction of olive fruits, grfting in lmost ll continents, but commercil prouction is is esirble meo to propgte plnts which re hr minly one in Europen countries [1, 2]. to root [9]. Grfting of vrious olive cultivrs on e wil As e emn of griculture in e moern er is olive root-stocks cn give rise to plnts t cn be more incresing, yet e pttion of cutting ege resistnt to pests/pogens n chnge in e technologies n culturl prctices enbles e frmers to environment. This meo of olive propgtion is first Corresponing Auor: Ibullh Jn, Deprtment of Agriculture, University of Swbi-Pkistn 289

2 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (2): , 2016 choice of interest becuse very little is known bout olive RESULTS AND DISCUSSION propgtion by sees till te [10]. Besie is, grfte plnts cn get mture n ber fruit erlier n seelings Dys to Sprout: The effect of cultivr n grfting [11]. Certinly vrious fctors i.e. grfting meos, time ws observe non-significnt (Tble 1). seson, root-stocks ply n importnt role in vegettive Though, e minimum ys to sprout were recore in propgtion of olives [12]. In ition, to is, grfting of n, respectively, while e mximum e specific cultivr t specific time uring e seson ys to sprout were notice in plnts grfte in. possibly helps in high yiel of qulity fruits. The present The quick sprouting in vrious Itlin olive cultivrs in stuy is erefore, esigne to explore e impct of n might be ue to optimum temperture grfting time on vrious qulity prmeters of ifferent n ylight for erly sprouting in e teste plnts. A olive cultivrs n consequently, iming to stnrize similr effect of light on sprouting hs been reporte by olive propgtion prctices. Afshri et l. [13] in rpesee. In cse of ifferent Itlin cultivrs, Bincolell took minimum ys to sprout MATERIALS AND METHODS followe by Leccino, Moresc n Frntoio. The ifferences in e ys to sprouting mong e cultivrs The experiment ws conucte t Agriculturl might be ue to e time tken by scion to get comptible Reserch institute Trnb Peshwr, Pkistn uring wi e root-stock. Also, erly heling of e scion might summer of The reserch sttion is locte t 1178 ft. hve plye role to sprout erly in Bincolell, which from se level, summer in Peshwr strts from My to might be owing to genetic mkeup. As, uxin ( plnt September. The men mximum temperture in summer is hormone) grient les to cell polrity, which is roun 40 C (104 F) n e men minimum temperture necessry for grow n evelopment n hence is 25 C (77 F). Olive cultivrs, i.e. Frntoio, Moresc, vsculr tissue regenertion [14, 15]. Our results re in Bincolell n Leccino use s e scion on wil olive ccornce wi t reporte by Rehmn et l. [16], who root-stock were grfte t ree ifferent times, i.e. 15 of hs observe similr tren of grow n evelopment,, 15 of n 15 of wi 30 plnts per but in olive roots. tretment. All e culturl prctices were kept constnt for ll e tretment. During e experiment e vribles Number of Sprouts per Plnt: The number of sprouts ws stuie were sprouting percentge (mesuring e number significntly ffecte by time of grfting n type of olive of plnts sproute per tretment n en percentge ws cultivr (Tble 2). Higher number of sprouts ws observe clculte), sprout leng (rough mesuring tpe from in cv. Frntoio when grfte in, while e cv. Leccino bse to top of e sprout), number of leves by counting grfte in n Bincolell in showe lower e leves on ech shoot n en verge ws clculte numbers of sprouts. The higher number of sprouts in cv. n ys to sprouting (counting e ys from te of Frntoio might be ue to e fvorble time of e yer grfting until it strts sprouting). for grfting i.e. in regr to Peshwr region. Furermore, ltertions in trnsport of wter, nutrients Sttisticl Anlysis: The t in triplicte (10 plnts n hormones ue to vritions in temperture might per repliction) were sttisticlly nlyze by using ffect e number of sprouts mong e plnts. Recently, rnomize complete block esign wi 2 fctors rough Slik et l. [17] observe t e effect of grfting time SPSS progrm n e mens were compre by using on e evelopment of scion in ornges uner ri stuent s t-test (Microsoft Excel 2010 version). conitions Tble 1: Effect of cultivrs n grfting time on ys to sprout of olive uring summer, 2012 t Peshwr Cultivrs Mon Frntoio Moresc Bincolell Leccino 30.3 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.60 Mens in ech column for ech tretment followe by e sme letter re not significntly ifferent (p<0.05). Ech column consists of mens of triplicte t (ech replicte h 10 plnts) n +S.E of mens. 290

3 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (2): , 2016 Tble 2: Effect of cultivrs n grfting time on number of sprouts of olive uring summer, 2012 t Peshwr Cultivrs Mon Frntoio Moresc Bincolell Leccino c 3.4 ± ± ± ± 0.20 e 5.1 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.12 b 2.6 ± 0.22 Mens in ech column for ech tretment followe by e sme letter re not significntly ifferent (p<0.05). Ech column consists of mens of triplicte t (ech replicte h 10 plnts) n +S.E of mens. Tble 3:Effect of cultivrs n grfting time on sprouting percentge of olive uring summer, 2012 t Peshwr Cultivrs Mon Frntoio Moresc Bincolell Leccino ef 84.1 ± 2.57 b 56.7 ± ± ± 1.59 f 92.7 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.47 e 81.7 ± 1.95 Mens in ech column for ech tretment followe by e sme letter re not significntly ifferent (p<0.05). Ech column consists of mens of triplicte t (ech replicte h 10 plnts) n +S.E of mens. Tble 4:Effect of cultivrs n grfting time on leng of sprouts (cm) of olive uring summer, 2012 t Peshwr Cultivrs Mon Frntoio Moresc Bincolell Leccino g 18.4 ± 0.71 ef 12.5 ± ± 0.17 f 12.6 ± 0.27 e 10.6 ± ± ± ± 0.28 g 17.1 ± ± ± 0.26 b 4.8 ± 0.43 Mens in ech column for ech tretment followe by e sme letter re not significntly ifferent (p<0.05). Ech column consists of mens of triplicte t (ech replicte h 10 plnts) n +S.E of mens. Tble 5:Effect of cultivrs n grfting time on number of leves per shoot of olive uring summer, 2012 t Peshwr Cultivrs Mon Frntoio Moresc Bincolell Leccino gh 23.5 ± ± 0.78 b 11.0 ± 1.16 h 24.7h ± 1.01 fg 20.0 ± 1.88 e 15.3 ± 0.85 b 9.0 ± ± 0.55 efg 19.1 ± ± 0.36 b 11.4 ± 1.00 e 15.0 ± 0.98 Mens in ech column for ech tretment followe by e sme letter re not significntly ifferent (p<0.05). Ech column consists of mens of triplicte t (ech replicte h 10 plnts) n +S.E of mens. Sprouting Percentge: A significnt effect of bo e mon of. This sesonl or vrietl vrition time of grfting n cultivrs on sprouting in grfts might be linke to quntittive chnges in percentge is presente in Tble 3. The cultivr crbohyrtes t enble e scion for forming e Frntoio use s scion for grft in e mon of grft union [18]. The cv. Frntoio my evelop shows mximum sprouting followe by sme vsculr tissue in grft union region swiftly cultivr when grfte in e mon of, while e compre to oer cultivrs, which ensures e minimum grft sprouting percentge ws notice in trnsport of wter, nutrients n plnt hormones us cv. Leccino grfte followe by Moresc grfte in plnt evelopment. 291

4 Am-Eurs. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (2): , 2016 Sprout Leng: Sprout leng ws significntly ffecte 5. Centeno, A. n M. Gómez-el-Cmpo, Effect of by time, cultivrs n eir interction (Tble 4). Sprout leng ws higher in e cv. Frntoio when plnts were grfte in e mon of n, respectively, followe by cv. Leccino n cv. Moresc grfte in e mon of. The cv. Bincolell showe e lower 6. root-promoting proucts in e propgtion of orgnic olive (Ole europe L. cv. Cornicbr) nursery plnts. Hort. Sci., 43: Niz, N., S. Ullhb, M. Ullhb n N. Jbeen, Effect of grow regultors on micropropgtion of sprout leng t ll grfting time (i.e. grfte in mon of, n, respectively). The higher sprouts leng in e Itlin olive cultivr, Frntoio might be might be ue to its bility to opt high temperture uring e hot summer of Peshwr. The results re similr to Ssso et l. [19], who worke on ifferent cultivr of Brzilin grpe tree (Myrciri culiflor) grfte t vrious times wi ifferent sprout leng. ifferent olive cultivrs (Ole europe L.). Leves per Shoot: Dt regring leves per shoot shows t e cv. Leccino use s scion for grfting in h significntly higher number of leves followe by cv. Frntoio, while e cv. Moresc ttine lower number of leves (Tble 5). The higher number of leves in cv. Frntoio n Leccino might be ue to hsty comptibility of scion to root-stock t ffect trnsport of mteril cross e woun n hve n itive impct on e plnt grow. These results confirm e results of Shrif et l. [20], who note n increse in number of leves wi grfting time in bur. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The uors re nkful to e Agriculture Reserch Institute, Trnb Peshwr for proviing fcilities for such experiment. REFERENCES 1. Rllo, L., D. Brrnco, R. e l Ros n L. León, Chiquitit olive. Hort. Sci., 43: Tortos, G., J.A. Alburquerque, G. Ait-Bi n J. Cegrr, The prouction of commercil orgnic menments n fertilisers by composting of two-phse olive mill wste ( lperujo ). J. Clen Pro., 26: Wiesmn, Z., Desert Olive Oil Cultivtion: st Avnce Bio Technologies. 1 E.. Aemic Press, USA. 4. Yri, R., F. Frhni, M. Sheii, S.M. Kouhsrri n H. Fhimi, The effects of prolonge vegettive reprouction of e two Irnin olive cv. tree cultivrs (Dezful Bghmlek n Dezful Sfib) on morphologicl trits. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10: Science Letters, 2: Mng omb, S.A., F.K. Akinnifesi, G. Sileshi, O.C. Ajyi, S. Chkerez n W.F. Mwse, A ecision support tool for propgting Miombo inigenous fruit trees of souern Afric. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7: Aln, O., N. Ozemir n Y. Gunen, Effect of grfting on wtermelon plnt grow, yiel n qulity. J. Agron., 6: Hussin, G., M. Wni, M. Mir, Z. Rer n K. Bht, Microgrfting for fruit crop improvement. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 13: Hnnhi, H., S. Mrzouk n M. El Gzzh, Effects of tegument, enosperm, col tretment n hrvest te on germintion of wil olive. Denrobiology, 65: Rostmi, A.A. n A.R. Shhsvr, In vitro micropropgtion of olive (Ole europe L.) mission by nol segments. J. Biol. Env. Sci., 6: Abbsi, N.A., I.A. Hfiz, A.A. Qureshi, I. Ali n S.R. Mhmoo, Evluting e success of vegettive propgtion techniques in loqut cv. Mrn. Pk. J. Bot., 46: Afshri, R., R. Angoshtri n S. Klntri, Effects of light n ifferent plnt grow regultors on inuction of cllus grow in rpesee (Brssic npus L.) genotypes. Plnt Omics, 4: Krmer, E.M., M. Lewnowski, S. Beri, J. Bernr, M. Borkowski, M.H. Borkowski, L.A. Burchfiel, B. Misen n J. Normnly, Auxin grients re ssocite wi polrity chnges in trees. Science, 320: Yin, H., B. Yn, J. Sun, P. Ji, Z. Zhng, X. Yn, J. Chi, Z. Ren, G. Zheng n H. Liu, Grft-union evelopment: elicte process t involves cell cell communiction between scion n stock for locl uxin ccumultion. J. Exp. Bot., 63: Rehmn, M., A.A. Awn, O. Khn n I. Hq, Response of olive cultivrs to ir-lyering t vrious timings. Pk. J. Agric. Res., 50:

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