Kakvoća plodova šipka (Punica granatum L.) uzgajanih na području Mostara
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1 Voćrstvo, vinogrdrstvo i vinrstvo IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI RAD Kkvoć plodov šipk (Puni grntum L.) uzgjnih n području Mostr Mir Rdunić 1, Jelen Gdže 2 1 Institut z jdrnske kulture i melioriju krš, Split, Zvod z iljne znnosti, Put duilov 11, Split, Hrvtsk (Mir.Rduni@krs.hr) 2 Agronomski fkultet Sveučilišt u Zgreu, Zvod z voćrstvo, Svetošimunsk 25, Zgre, Hrvtsk Sžetk Cilj ovog istrživnj je evluij plodov i kkvoće sok sort šipk 'Brski Sltki', 'Glvš', 'Konjski zu', 'Medun', 'Sldun' i 'Šeretš' uzgjnih n području Mostr. Sort 'Glvš' (703,96g) prird skupini extr velikih plodov, ostle istrživne sorte skupini velikih, vrlo velikih i srednje velikih plodov. Istrživne sorte odlikuju se visokim rndmnom rilus (44,75% do 56,82%) i rndmnom sok (64,86% do 73,85%). Sdržj topljive suhe tvri vriro je od 15,55 Brix ('Sldun') do 13,00 Brix ('Brski Sltki'). Temeljem sdržj ukupnih kiselin (TA) istrživne sorte pripdju skupini sltkih sort (TA <1%) osim sorte 'Glvš' koj pripd skupini sltko-kiselih sort (TA 1-2%). Istrživne sorte pripdju skupini visoko kvlitetnih sort. Ključne riječi: šipk, sort, topljiv suh tvr, ukupn kiselost Uvod Uz mslinu i smokvu, šipk je jedn od njstrijih sutropskih voćnih vrst koj se uzgj n području zpdne Heregovine. Potenijli prostor z uzgoj nisu dovoljno iskorišteni, u uzgoju je zstupljen veliki roj sort koje nisu u potpunosti evluirne. Konzumij plodov šipk (sok i rilus) u svijetu znčjno je povećn zog njegovog lgotvornog utjej n ljudsko zdrvlje. Arilusi su ogti šećerim, vitminim, minerlim i polifenolim i imju znčjnu ntioksidtivnu ktivnost (Kulkrni i sur., 2004.), sok šipk ntiknerogene, ntimikrone i ntivirusne komponente (Shwrtz i sur., 2009.; Reddy i sur., 2007.; Kotwl, 2007.). Ber se ovlj kd plodovi dostignu veličinu i oju kore plod krkterističnu z sortu, glvni prmetri zrelosti su TSS (topljiv suh tvr), TA (ukupn kiselost) i TSS/TA (indeks zrelosti) Pekmezi & Erkn ( Cilj ovog istrživnj je pomološk evluij plodov i kkvoće sok pet sort šipk uzgjnih n području Mostr (Potoi) u svrhu iskorištenj njihovog potenijl. Mterijl i metode U jesen s područj Mostr (Potoi) (43 24'28''N; 17 52'25''E) urni su plodovi (3 stl x 5 plodov) sort 'Brski Sltki', 'Glvš', 'Konjski zu', 'Medun', 'Sldun' i 'Šeretš'. Z svku od istrživnih sort nlizirne su slijedeće krkteristike: ms i volumen plod, visin i širin plod, indeks olik, roj rilus, deljin kore, rndmn kore, rndmn rilus i rndmn sok, sdržj topljive suhe tvri i ukupnih kiselin, indeks zrelosti, ph te sdržj klij. Ms plod (g) izmjeren je pomoću nlitičke lortorijske vge (Metler Toledo), dimenzije plod (visin i širin (mm)) te deljin kore (mm) pomoću digitlne pomične mjerke. Rndmn kore (%) izrčunt je iz odnos mse kore i mse plod, rndmn rilus (%) iz odnos mse rilus i mse plod, rndmn sok (%) iz odnos mse 50g rilus i ml isijeđenog sok. Topljiv suh tvr ( Brix) utvrđen je refrktometrijski (A'Cruss 48. hrvtski i 8. međunrodni simpozij gronom Durovnik Hrvtsk 841
2 Pomology, Vitiulture nd Enology optroni, Njemčk) sdržj ukupnih kiselin (%) metodom titrije s 0,1 M NOH (AOAC, 2000). Iz odnos topljive suhe tvri i ukupnih kiselin utvrđen je indeks zrelosti. ph vrijednost izmjeren je ph metrom, sdržj klij Compting metrom (Hori, USA). Doiveni podti orđeni su nlizom vrijne koristeći progrmski pket STATVIEW (SAS Institute Version 5.0). Rzlike između srednjih vrijednosti testirne su LSD testom z p 0,05. Cluster nlizom utvrđene su sličnosti/rzličitosti između sort u pomološkim i kemijskim krkteristikm, nprvljen je korištenjem progrmskog pket STATISTICA 7.0. Rezultti i rsprv Rezultti nlize vrijne ukzuju n znčjne rzlike u pomološkim i kemijskim krkteristikm između istrživnih sort (Tli 1). Njveću msu plod iml je sort 'Glvš' (703,96g), dok je njmnju msu iml sort 'Šeretš' (282,24g). Nisu utvrđene rzlike između sort 'Šeretš' i 'Medun'. Ugrković i sur., (2009.) nvode msu plod sorte 'Glvš' od 523,6g do 635,1g. Volumen plod sort 'Glvš' i 'Konjski zu' veći je u odnosu n ostle istrživne sorte dok je volumen plod sorte 'Šeretš' io njmnji. Prem turskim stndrdim koje su utvrdili Pekmezi & Erkn ( sort 'Šeretš' pripd skupini sort srednje velikih, 'Medun' velikih, 'Sldun' i 'Brski Sltki' jko velikih plodov. Sort 'Glvš' može se svrstti u skupinu sort s ekstr velikim plodovim. Broj rilus u plodu vriro je od 744 kod sorte 'Glvš' do 388 kod sorte 'Konjski zu'. Broj rilus u plodu ovisi o sorti. Durg i sur., (2008.) nvode d roj rilus kod turskih sort vrir od 118 do 335, Rdunić i sur., (2011.) nvode d roj rilus kod sort uzgjnih u dolini rijeke Neretve vrir od 273 do 693. Deljin kore sorte 'Glvš' (5,41mm) znčjno je već od deljine kore sort 'Brski Sltki' (3,84mm), 'Medun' (3,37 mm) i 'Šeretš' (4,20 mm). Deljin kore sort 'Glvš', 'Konjski zu' i 'Sldun' već je u odnosu n deljinu kore sort uzgjnih u Turskoj (Murdoglu i sur., i Durg i sur., 2008.). Sorte 'Glvš' (53,99%) i 'Konjski zu' (55,25%) imle su znčjno veći rndmn kore u odnosu n sorte 'Brski Sltki' (46,81%) i 'Medun' (43,18%). Rndmn rilus sorte 'Medun' (56,82%) veći je nego kod sort 'Glvš' (46,01%), 'Konjski zu' (44,75%) i 'Šeretš' (51,22%). Ugrković i sur., (2009.) utvrdili su veći rndmn rilus sorte 'Glvš' (od 48,2 do 48,7%) uzgjne n području Vitine, zpdn Heregovin u odnosu n rezultte doivene u ovom istrživnju. Rndmn rilus (%) istrživnih sort sličn je rndmnu rilus turskih sort od 36,9 % do 59,4 % (Durg i sur., 2008.) i tlijnskih sort od 44,5 % do 53,5 % (Cristofori i sur., 2010.). Rndmn sok istrživnih sort vriro je od 64,86% do 73,85%. Njveći rndmn sok utvrđen je kod sorte 'Konjski zu' (73,85%), njmnji kod sorte 'Šeretš' (64,86%). Rzlik između sorte 'Konjski zu' i sort 'Brski Sltki', 'Glvš' i 'Sldun' nije utvrđen. Rndmn rilus i sok sort 'Brski sltki', 'Konjski zu' i 'Šeretš' u ovom istrživnju mnji je u odnosu n rezultte istrživnj istih sort u dolini rijeke Neretve (Rdunić i sur., 2011.). Sorte u ovom istrživnju imle su veći rndmn sok u odnosu n turske sorte, 28-41% (Murdouglu i sur., 2006.) i špnjolske sorte, 50,25%-64,17% (Mrtinez i sur., 2006.). Kkvoć je definirn većim rojem prmetr koji dju jelovitu sliku sorte. Osim veličine i oojenosti plodov krkterističnih z sortu glvni prmetri z determiniju kkvoće i rok ere su TSS (topljiv suh tvr), ukupn kiselost (TA) i indeks zrelosti (TSS/TA). Sort Sldun (15,55 Brix) iml je znčjno veći sdržj topljive suhe tvri u odnosu n sve istrživne sorte osim sorte 'Šeretš' (15,17 Brix) (Tli 2), dok je njmnji sdržj topljive suhe tvri utvrđen kod sort 'Brski Sltki' (13 Brix) i 'Konjski zu' (13,4 Brix) th Crotin & 8 th Interntionl Symposium on Agriulture Durovnik Croti
3 Voćrstvo, vinogrdrstvo i vinrstvo Tli 1. Pomološke krkteristike plodov šipk sorti 'Brski Sltki', 'Glvš', 'Konjski zu', 'Medun', 'Sldun' i 'Šeretš' uzgjnih n području Mostr Ms Volu Visin Širin Indek Broj Delj Rnd Rnd Rnd Sort men s rilus in mn mn mn plod plod plod olik kore kore rilus sok (g) (ml) (mm) plod (mm) V/Š (mm) (%) (%) (%) Brski Sltki Glvš Konjski zu 450, , ,0 6 Medun 386,7 4d Sldun 431, ,2 4d 447, , , , , ,0 0 84,25 94,88 83,09 75,82 84,20 69,60 d 95,80 102, ,1 8 91,40 91,45 1, ,84 d 46,81 1, ,41 53,99 1, ,64 55,25 1, ,37d 43,18 1, ,81 48,65 48,78 53,19 46,01 44,75 56,82 51,35 51,22 72,60 70,00 73,85 68,10 70,50 Šeretš 95,80 1, ,20 64,86 *Rzličit slov unutr stup pokzuju znčjne rzlike između sort temeljem LSD test (P 0,05) Tli 2. Kemijske krkteristike sok šipk sorti 'Brski Sltki', 'Glvš', 'Konjski zu', 'Medun', 'Sldun' i 'Šeretš' uzgjnih n području Mostr Sort TSS ( Brix) Ukupn kiselost Indeks zrelosti ph Sdržj klij (mg/100g) (TA; %) (TSS/TA) Brski Sltki 13,00 0,48d 27,09 3,56 166,00 Glvš 14,80 1,64 9,15d 3,05d 125,00 Konjski zu 13,40 0,90 15,10 3,26 110,00d Medun 14,68 0,44d 33,18 3,82 152,50 Sldun 15,55 0,58 27,28 3,49 125,00 Šeretš 15,17 0,58 26,41 3,72 158,57 *Rzličit slov unutr stup pokzuju znčjne rzlike između sort temeljem LSD test (P 0,05) Njveći sdržj kiselin (ekvivlent limunske kiseline) iml je sort 'Glvš' (1,64 %), njmnju sort 'Medun' (0,44%). Rzlike između sort 'Medun' i 'Brski Sltki' nisu utvrđene. Nove špnjolske sorte dostižu od 12,36 do 16,32 Brix TSS i od 0,2608 % do 1,0046 % TA (Mrtinez i sur., 2006.), turske sorte od 14,7 do 17,9 Brix TSS i od 0,5 % do 2,4 % TA (Ozgen i sur., 2008.), sorte u Sudijskoj Ariji od 15,9 do 16,9 % TSS i od 0,72 do 1,89 % TA (Bh i sur., 1994.). N temelju ukupne kiselosti sorte šipk se grupirju u skupine sltkih sort s < 1% ukupnih kiselin, sltko kiselih s 1 2 % ukupnih kiselin te kiselih s > 2% ukupnih kiselin (Onur i Ksk, 1995.). 48. hrvtski i 8. međunrodni simpozij gronom Durovnik Hrvtsk 843
4 Pomology, Vitiulture nd Enology Sorte šipk iz ovog istrživnj pripdju skupini sltkih sort osim sorte 'Glvš' koj pripd skupini sltko-kiselih sort. Indeks zrelosti (TSS/TA) ovisi o sorti. Veći indeks zrelosti ukzuje n veću sltkoću plod. Njveći indeks zrelosti iml je sort 'Medun' (33,18), njmnji sort 'Glvš' (9,15) (Tli 2). Indeks zrelosti tlijnskih sort vrir od 5,43 do 37,78 (Cristofori i sur., 2010.), šnjolskih sort od 16,25 do 56,94 (Mrtinez i sur., 2006.). Sorte su se znčjno rzlikovle i u sdržju klij. Njveći sdržj klij iml je sort 'Brski Sltki' (166 mg/100g), njmnji sort 'Konjski zu' (110 mg/100g). Dendrogrmi (Grfikon 1A i 1B) pokzuju sličnost/rzličitost sort u pomološkim i kemijskim krkteristikm te ih grupirju u skupine. 1A Tree Digrm for 6 Cses Single Linkge Euliden distnes 1B Tree Digrm for 6 Cses Single Linkge Euliden distnes Brski Sltki Brski Sltki Sldun Medun Medun Šeretš Šeretš Sldun Konjski zu Glvš Glvš Konjski zu 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 Linkge Distne 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 Linkge Distne Grfikon 1. Dendrogrm sličnosti/rzličitosti istrživnih sort temeljem pomoloških (1A) i kemijskih (1B) krkteristik Temeljem pomoloških krkteristik sorte su grupirne u pet rzličitih skupin (grfikon 1A). Njveć sličnost utvrđen je kod sorti 'Brski Sltki' i 'Sldun' te čine istu skupinu dok se ostle istrživne sorte rzdvjju u posene skupine. N temelju kemijskim krkteristikm sok sorte su grupirne u tri skupine (grfikon 1B). Sorte 'Medun', 'Šeretš' i 'Sldun' izdvjju se u jednu skupinu, 'Glvš' i 'Konjski zu' u drugu dok se sort 'Brski Sltki' izdvj se u treću skupinu. Zključk N temelju rezultt istrživnj možemo zključiti d istrživne sorte pripdju skupini velikih, vrlo velikih i ekstr velikih plodov s visokim rndmnom sok. Sorte 'Brski Sltki', 'Konjski zu', 'Medun', 'Sldun' i 'Šeretš' pripdju skupini sltkih sort dok sort 'Glvš' pripd skupini sltko-kiselih sort. Doiveni rezultti ukzuju n visoku kkvoću plodov istrživnih sort. Dljn istrživnj tre usmjeriti k utvrđivnju potenijl ovih sort u prerđivčkoj industriji poseie u proizvodnji sokov. Litertur Bh, M.A., Shheen, M.A., Frht, F.A. (1994). Flowering nd Fruiting Chtteristis of Some Lol nd Introdued Pomegrnte Cultivrs Grown in the Riydh Region of Sudi Ari. Meteorology, Environment nd Arid Lnd Agriulture Sienes Journl. Vol.5:1-16. Cristofori, V., Cruso, D., Ltini, G., Dell Agli, M., Cmmilli, C., Rugini, E., Bignmi, C., Muleo, R. (2010). Fruit qulity of Itlin pomegrnte (Puni grntum L.) utohthonous vrieties. Europen Food Reseres Tehnology. 232(1): Durgç, C., Özgen, M., Simsek, Ö., Kçr, Y.K., Kıyg1, Y., Çelei1, S., Gündüz1, K. nd Serçe1, S. (2008). Moleulr nd pomologil diversity mong pomegrnte (Puni th Crotin & 8 th Interntionl Symposium on Agriulture Durovnik Croti
5 Voćrstvo, vinogrdrstvo i vinrstvo grntum L.) ultivrs in Estern Mediterrnen region of Turkey. Afrin Journl of Biotehnology. 7(9): Kotwl, G.J. (2007). Geneti diversity indenpendent neutrliztion of pndemi viruses (e.g. HIV), potentilly pndemi (e.g. H5N1 stin of influenz) nd rinogeni (e.g. HBV nd HCV) viruses nd possile gents of ioterrorism (vriol) y enveloped virus neutrlizing ompounds (EVNCs). Vine. 26: Kulkrni, A.P., Ardhy, S.M., Divkur, S. (2004). Isoltion nd identifition of rdil svenging ntioxidnt-punilgin from pith nd rpellry memrne of pomegrnte fruit. Food Chemistry. 87: Mrtinez, J.J., Melgrejo, P., Hernndez, F., Slzrm, D.M., Mrtinez, R. (2006). Seed hrteristion of five new pomegrnte (Puni grntum L.) vrieties. Sienti Hortiultur. 110: Murdoglu, F., Blt, M.F., Ozrenk, K. (2006). Pomegrnte (Puni grntum L.) Geneti Resoures from Hkkri, Turkey. Resere Journl of Agriulture nd Biologil Siene. 2(6): Onur, C., Ksk, N. (1995). Seletion of Pomegrnte of Mediterrnen region. Turkish Journl of Agriulture nd Forestry. D2,9(1): Ozgen, M., Durg, C., Sere, S., Ky, C. (2008). Chemil nd ntioxidnt properties of pomegrnte ultivrs grown in the region of Turkey. Food Chemistry. 111: Pekmezi & Erkn. Rspoloživo: Rdunić, M., Goret Bn, S., Gdže, J., Jukić Špik, M., Tomsović, P., MLen, D. (2011). Pomologil nd hemil hrteristis of pomegrnte ultivrs (Puni grntum L.) in the vlley of river Neretv. Zornik rdov 46. hrvtski i 6. međunrodni znnstveni simpozij gronom, Optij: Reddy, M.K., Gupt, S.K., Jo, M.R., Khn, S.I., Ferreir, D. (2007). Antioxidnt, ntimlril nd ntimiroil tivites of tnnin-rih frtion, elgitnnins nd phenoli id from Puni grntum L. Plnt Medi. 73: Shwrtz, E., Glzer, I., Br-Y'kov, I., Mtityh, I., r-iln, I., Hollnd, D., Amir, R. (2009). Chnges in hemil onstituents during the mturtion nd ripening of two ommerilly importnt pomegrnte essions. Food Chemistry. 115: Ugrković, J., Rdunić, M., Kozin, A., Čmelik, Z. (2009). Osoine sort šipk (Puni grntum L.) Glvš i Pštrun. Pomologi Croti. 15(3-4): Fruit qulity of pomegrnte (Puni grntum L.) grown in Mostr Astrt The im of this study is to evlute hrteristis of the fruits nd juie qulity of the pomegrnte ultivrs 'Brski Sltki', 'Glvš', 'Konjski zu', 'Medun', 'Sldun' i 'Šeretš' grown in the re of Mostr. Cultivr 'Glvš' ( g) elongs to group of extr lrge fruits nd other studied ultivrs to groups: lrge, very lrge nd medium-sized fruit. Studied ultivrs re hrterized y high rils yield (44.75% to 56.82%) nd the juie yield (64.86% to 73.85%). Totl solule solids ontent rnged from Brix ('Sldun') to Brix ('Brski Sltki'). Bsed on the ontent of totl id (TA) studied ultivrs elong to group of sweet ultivrs (TA <1%) exept ultivr 'Glvš' whih elongs to the group of sweet-sour ultivrs (TA 1-2%). Investigted ultivrs elong to the group of high-qulity ultivrs. Key words: pomegrnte, ultivr, totl solule solid, totl idity 48. hrvtski i 8. međunrodni simpozij gronom Durovnik Hrvtsk 845
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