Rearing Methods of Tamarixia radiata in Gainesville, Florida, and information on its biology. Ru Nguyen

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1 Rearing Methods of Tamarixia radiata in Gainesville, Florida, and information on its biology. Ru Nguyen Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Gainesville, Florida USA

2 Rearing T. radiata in quarantine

3 Harvesting Orange Jasmine berries Berries put in bags and sent to lab The red part of berries were removed then they are dried

4 Orange Jasmine: Germination Vermiculite in 90 F (32 C) for 2 weeks

5 Orange Jasmine Separate individual plants from the root ball Place in new pot and add soil

6 Orange Jasmine Three months old through three years old

7 Orange Jasmines inside the greenhouse

8 Major pests of Orange Jasmine s in the greenhouse in Gainesville 1. Two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) 2. Cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) 3. Whitefly (Aleuroclava jasmini)

9 Pruned Orange Jasmine Orange Jasmine with new sprouts (within 2 weeks)

10 Egg laying cage Holding cage Rearing cages for psyllid oviposition. (80 F (27 C) % RH, 16 hr photoperiod) 30 plants are put into cage & infested with adult psyllids. (infest w/3-5k psyllids for 3-4 days eggs per sprout) Transferred to holding cage for 6-7 days for nymph development 30 pots /cage)

11 Young sprouts of Orange Jasmines with ACP eggs (yellow)

12 Young nymphs of ACP (with wax)

13 ACP older nymphs moving down the stem

14 Life cycle of Asian citrus psyllid Adult: Female life span 6-8 months and can lay 800 eggs during 2 months. Eggs Nymph of ACP with wax filament Egg and five nymph instars 14 days total developmental time from egg hatch at 80 F (27 C)

15 Parasite collecting vial Rearing cage of T. radiata placed in room at 80 F (27 C) and 40-60% humidity, emerging after 9-10 days.

16 Rearing covered with black cloth to collect parasite. Rearing cage uncovered during the night.

17 Counter Aspirator T. radiata sorted in the light hood. Vacuum pump

18 T. Radiata storage vials placed in cooled room and ready to for shipping. Cool pack Vials placed in shipping box with cool pack

19 Tamarixia radiata (Waterston 1922) (Eulophidae : Hymenoptera) -Described by Waterston in 1922 as Tetrastichus radiatus from lemon leaves collected in Lyallpur, Punjab (Pakistan). -Synonymized by Boucek (1988) as Tamarixia radiata -Another insect was listed as synonym of T. radiata: Tetrastichus indicus Khan Shafee 1981

20 Egg of T. radidata deposited between thorax & abdoman Egg is Light yellow and elongate oval Young larva of Tamarixia radiata on ACP nymph Use mouthpart to attach to psyllids integument and feed on the fluid of psyllid When they become mature (larvae), excrete white wax filament Mature larva of T. radiata

21 A B Psyllid nymphs: A. Unparasitized B. Parasitized

22 A B (A) Pre-pupa, and (B) pupa of T. radiata

23 Exit hole of T.radiata (closer to head)

24 Mummified nymphs of ACP with white wax filament

25 Photograph: Stephanie Stocks, UF Female T. radiata Photograph: Stephanie Stocks, UF Male T. radiata

26 Hyperparasitoids of Tamarixia radiata reported in Taiwan -Aphelinidae: -Eulophidae: -Encyrtidae: -Signiphoridae: -Pteromaridae: Eacarsia near shafeei Marietta leoparchina Tetrastichus sp. Syrphophagus taiwanus Chatocerus walkeri Pachyneron concolor

27 Host range of Tamarixia radiata Tamarixia radiata is a host specific parasitoid. It has only one reported host: Diaphorina citri. However, these following psyllids were listed as its host in the literature: -Psylla hyaline (listed by Peter et al checked voucher specimen by LaSalle. 1999) -Trioza erytreae (listed by Annecke & Cilliers checked voucher specimen by Daniel and Moran 1972)

28 Tamarixia radiata host range test on indigenous psyllids in Florida 2009 Ceropsylla sideroxyli Hyteropsylla cubana Glycaspis brimblecombei * Trioza magnobia Pachypsylla sp. *Invasive species

29 Ceropsylla sideroxyli Unparasitized Parasitized

30 Tamarixia sp. (male & female) T. Radiata (male & female) Parasite of Ceropsylla sideroxyli

31 Acknowledgement Thanks to Ms. Darleen George-Hill, Gloria Trujillo, and Lisa Smith, Kyle Arber, Scott Schumacher, Ryan Poffenberger, and Young Sug Ki for technical support to develop the mass rearing of T. radiata and for facilitation of this presentation.