PNG Agro-Industry is Diverse, has great potential and not just Fisheries!

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1 PNG Agro-Industry is Diverse, has great potential and not just Fisheries!

2 Coffee and Tea plantings - fertile Wahgi valley

3 Outgrower Oil Palm Production (Fresh fruit bunches for collection) Photo R Roe

4 Oil Palm Estates (this in West New Britain)

5 Smallholder Coffee Production the backbone of the industry

6 Sun-dried smalllholder Arabica Coffee

7 Village Coffee Pulping

8

9

10 Smallholder Vanilla and other spices

11

12 Ramu Sugar

13 Cardamom

14 New Guinea isle - Long agricultural history Kuk 8,000 years Source of various crops e.g. sugar, varieties of banana etc later arrival of sweet potato External trade: Outsiders long saw production/trade potential e.g. Dampier et al 18 th C - for spices whales, birds of paradise feathers, 19 th C trochus shells, copra and rubber turn of C coffee trials (ENBP) Agriculture remains backbone to broad-based jobs and income earning (agric-fisheries-forestry still about 1/3 of GDP) Was the major export earner until 1984, when overtaken by minerals Post WW2, was dominated by coffee, cocoa, copra-coconut oil and (post 1960s) palm oil initially these crops largely plantation production, but esp post Independence increasingly smallholder output (except oil palm) After production boost in 1970s, total output for these relatively static, except palm oil palm which enjoyed major investment, largely in estates (and became the major export crop) Rubber areas diminished, but the crop remains an important localised lowland crop, mostly on estates with some recent expansion again; plus tea estates in WHP

15 Volatile spices production (cardamom, vanilla, chillies, etc); various other minor export crops (pyrethrum etc) Other cash crops sugar (partly for export), lately cassava for fuel, cashew (trials) Food crops and meat largely for domestic market, including commercial fruit and vegetable pineapple, but some live cattle exports Production constraints: years of low prices, poor access/infrastructure, poor market information, Some recovery of staple foods and export crop prices from 2006 Some modest production response, but needs sustained incentives (price), removed impediments, effective invesetment in R & D and PPPs Issues related to (appreciating) exchange rate and extractive industries Issues of bulking product for market need Niche /Specialty markets, fairtrade, organic RSPO oil palm some downstream processing (UK and oil palm PNG refinery), essential oils, virgin coconut oil, cocoa butter-chocolate, local roasts etc

16 percentage Percentage of GDP by Economic Activity (source:nso and Treasury forecast) Agric/forest/fish 30.0 Oil and Gas extraction Mining/quarrying 25.0 Construction 20.0 Manufacturing Community/Social 15.0 Wholesale/Retail

17 Percentage % of Total Exports - by Value (BPNG) -note that 2010 is extrapolated from 6 months data, which distorts, particularly seasonal crops Copper Gold Crude Oil Total Agriculture (excl. forestry/fisheries) Total forest products 5.00 Marine Products

18 million kina Exports -Value FOB (mil kina) (BPNG) 7,000.0 Total Agriculture (excl. forestry/fisheries) 6,000.0 Total forest products 5, ,000.0 Marine Products 3,000.0 Crude Oil 2, ,000.0 Gold year Copper

19 '000 tonnes (or other measure) Commodity Exports - Quantity, 1999-June 2010, doubled for crude annual output - underestimating season crops ('000 tonnes or specified) (BPNG) Coffee Cocoa Copra Coconut Oil Palm Oil Rubber Tea Logs ('0,000 m3) Marine Prods Crude Oil ('000 Barrels) year ( months data) Copper Gold (tonnes)

20 US cts/lb International Coffee Prices (US Cts/lb) 1998-Jan ICO Composite Price Other Mild Arabicas - weighted ave Robusta weighted ave Year and month

21 million kina Agricultural Export Crops - FOB Value (kina, million) (BPNG) ) 1, , Coffee Cocoa Copra Coconut Oil Palm Oil Rubber Tea

22 US Dollars per Tonne International Cocoa Price - daily price (ICCO) Jan 2002-Jan 5th Year and month

23 Feb-81 Nov-81 Aug-82 May-83 Feb-84 Nov-84 Aug-85 May-86 Feb-87 Nov-87 Aug-88 May-89 Feb-90 Nov-90 Aug-91 May-92 Feb-93 Nov-93 Aug-94 May-95 Feb-96 Nov-96 Aug-97 May-98 Feb-99 Nov-99 Aug-00 May-01 Feb-02 Nov-02 Aug-03 May-04 Feb-05 Nov-05 Aug-06 May-07 Feb-08 Nov-08 Aug-09 May-10 Feb-11 Nov Palm Oil Price USD per tonne 1981-Nov

24 Nov-85 Jul-86 Mar-87 Nov-87 Jul-88 Mar-89 Nov-89 Jul-90 Mar-91 Nov-91 Jul-92 Mar-93 Nov-93 Jul-94 Mar-95 Nov-95 Jul-96 Mar-97 Nov-97 Jul-98 Mar-99 Nov-99 Jul-00 Mar-01 Nov-01 Jul-02 Mar-03 Nov-03 Jul-04 Mar-05 Nov-05 Jul-06 Mar-07 Nov-07 Jul-08 Mar-09 Nov-09 Jul-10 Mar-11 Nov-11 Rubber - Monthly Price - No 1 smoked FOB Malaysia USD/lb (1985-Nov 2011)

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