RAW MILK HYGIENE - Influence of hygiene on raw milk quality

Transcription

1 RAW MILK HYGIENE - Influence of hygiene on raw milk quality National Dairynet Seminar Reykjavik, 9th September 2004 Jens Petter Homleid, TINE R&D Oslo

2 CONTENT Background Project description Results Recommendations Other activities Raw milk hygiene 09/09/2004 2

3 Indicators of raw milk quality: Total Plate Count farm tanker - silo Sensoric farm tanker silo Antibiotics tanker (Snap) silo (Delvotest) Bactoscan farm (tanker from 2004?) Spores - farm Cellcount-farm Free fatty acids - farm Freezing point - farm Chemical composition (fat, protein) farm Payment according to results on these paramentres Raw milk hygiene 09/09/2004 3

4 Total Plate Count at farm, tanker and silo Raw milk at farm with very high microbial quality: 99 % of samples 1. class milk (TPC < /Bactocatch < ) Reduced quality at reception and on silo before use (TPC pr. ml, 2003 figures): Tanker ,3% > ,8% Silo 12,6% 6,0% Raw milk hygiene 09/09/2004 4

5 Regulatory demands From 2006 new EU hygiene regulations Temperature and age 6 o C in milk cooling tank 10 o C at reception 6 o C until 36 before processing 4 o C until 48 hours before processing Microbiological TPC in milk cooling tank TPC before processing - fresh milk (TINE internal demand (norm) ) Raw milk hygiene 09/09/2004 5

6 Factors influencing raw milk quality Health and animal hygiene Mechanical influence (milking, pumping, transport) Temperature (from farm to silo) Age at processing HYGIENE onfarm, tanker and dairy Raw milk hygiene 09/09/2004 6

7 How clean is clean enough? AGE and TEMPERATURE is easy to control HYGIENE is difficult to measure: methods? where to take samples (at critical sites) Hygiene on raw milk side is more difficult to measure than on pasteurized side: no product samples as indirect indicator of hygiene Possible to reduce costs on cleaning! What is clean enough??? Less risk on raw milk side Raw milk hygiene 09/09/2004 7

8 Aim of the project Achiev more knowledge and experience on raw milk hygiene and hygiene control Benchmarking of hygienic conditions Is there any general hygienic problems? Is there any differences in hygiene (and raw milk quality) between dairies with traditional CIP and with one-phase alkaline with chemical disinfection? Is there any correlations between raw milk quality and product quality? Raw milk hygiene 09/09/2004 8

9 Project description Cooperation with MATFORSK (Solveig Langsrud) Visit 5 dairies (Verdal, Byrkjelo, Bergen, Vikeså and Fosheim) Activities: Visual control with uv-lamp (Lambino) Svab samples of equipment (and Hygicult in one dairy) Micb. analyses of raw milk and past.milk TPC and identification of microorganisms Visual inspection of CIP-station, micb. analysis Control of journales and systems Raw milk hygiene 09/09/2004 9

10 Dairy Mill. Products Des.- litres methode TMV Byrkjelo 13* Fresh milk standard * 105 mill fra 2003 Termal TMN Verdal 106 Jarlsberg, Norvegia, Gräddost, whey cheese, WPC Chemical TMV Bergen 46 Fresh milk, juice, yoghurt Chemical TMØ Fosheim 28 Fresh milk standard Termal TMS Vikeså 46 Mozarella, Cheddar Termal Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

11 Adjustments microbiological analysis Dairy 1: Isolation and identification of bacteria from PCA colonies with different morphology + Hygicult Dairy 2: Swabs in pepton water, inoculation in UHT and incuabtion no growth Dairy 3,4 and 5: Selection for psycrotrophes (swabs in UHT-milk, incubation at 6 o C) Selection for spore forming (swabs in UHT-milk, incubation 6 o C, heating 63 o C/30 min., incubation) Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

12 Microbiological results Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, LAB and Enterobacteriacae isolated from dairy 1 Microbes mainly detected on gaskets and on visually not clean surfaces Microbes (and dirt) in chemical disinfection soultions Characterization of spore forming bacetria isolated in the project (3 B. cereus and 2 B. pumilis): all psycrotrophs, two B.cereus growth at 4oC B.cereus most adhesive resistant to heat and chemical disinfection Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

13 More results and recommendations Swabbing is more efficient than contact agar Poor cleaning/fouling was detected in many different parts of the equipment but generally GOOD hygiene Cleaning with thermal disinfection had better results than cleaning with chemical disinfection UV-lamp is a necessary and useful tool for visual inspection. Experience is required, it is laborious and a physical challenge Results from internal control should be more efficient used to detect hygienical problems Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

14 Findings There was no clear correlation between observed hygienic conditions and raw milk quality in silo No dairy could demonstrate correlation between TPC in milk tanker and TPC in corresponding milk in silo No dairy had registrations showing correlation between TPC in milk at silo and corresponding product quality Explanations: a) Not enough results or sufficient use of results? or b) The hygienic quality is satisfactory to product quality demands? Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

15 Other resent activities to improve raw milk hygiene Benchmarking Techical audits Technical measures Focus on internal control Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

16 Benchmarking Regional (5 regions) and national (53 TINE Dairies) Improved raw milk quality by: focus comparing and competition improved control (methods and frequence) improved use of results Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

17 Technical audits Technical audits from TINE R&D one technolgist and one technical expert 1-2 days visit Activities Interviews Hygiene inspection with UV-lamp and endoscop Control of CIP-stations and CIP-reports Control of internal quality control (follow up and results) Results Report to dairy Deviations in quality system improved ingration!! Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

18 Edge of air remover Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

19 Inlet/outlet tanker Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

20 Technical measures Standard equipment in tankers (connections, valves, tube dimensions, pumps etc.) Improved equipment (registration of flow, pressure and temperature in MTC, air bubble detector, use of cleaning lid on all pumps, air outlet during cleaning in all air removers etc.) Focus on cleaning of pipes for inlet/outlet, air remover, tubes and filters (critical points/poor hygienic design) Focus on CIP-station (CIP-program optimized according to most diffcult tanker, enough flow (1 kg on each nozzle or l/h, CIP-methode etc) Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

21 Focus on internal control - tankers Challenges tankers owned by external companies control means lost time poor standardisation of equipment competence and understanding; drivers and technical personnel communication dairy staff - transport knowledge and acceptance of recommendations etc. Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

22 Focus on internal control - tankers Previous recommendations: TINE IKD: general hygiene inspection: 4 times a year on specified points Insufficient and with no planned link to maintenance Local and regional variations and initiativs New recommendations: daily inspection/routines for driver 3rd, 6th, 12th and 36th month hygiene inspection and maintenance by technical department tankers included in dairy hygiene inspection rounds TPC in condensed water from tankers (and other equipment) as trouble shooting activity Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

23 Focus on internal control - general Availability and knowledge of system Notes for sharing recommendations, documents/routines HACCP and prerequisits = increased focus Registration and availability of results Wilab in all dairies ONE place for registration Access to results from TINE R&D and regional QM Systematic use of results and follow up Trends from Wilab Presentations from Wilab Benchmarking more easy Raw milk hygiene 09/09/

24 Is there a conclusion? No hot spots No hokus pokus Just focus and hard work systematic and hard work Raw milk hygiene 09/09/