Land system name: Corea. Land unit:

Transcription

1 Land system name: Land unit: Corea CA2 General description This land unit represents a section of an extensive plain, characterised mostly by deep sandy gradational-textured soils and ironbark woodlands. Yellow and brown Kandosols (gradational-textured profiles) are predominant, with extreme variability in features such as mottling, the quantity of ironstone gravel, sodicity or the presence of an ironstone hardpan. Grey or brown Sodosols (texture-contrast profile with sodic subsoils) tend to occur in small depressions, often merging into the grey cracking clays of land unit CA4. The vegetation is quite diverse and variable in the proportion of species, however tall woodlands of Eucalyptus melanophloia (silver-leaved ironbark) predominate, with variable proportions of E. crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark), Corymbia dallachiana (ghost gum) and C. polycarpa (long-fruited bloodwood). Mid-high woodlands of C. setosa (applejack) and C. erythrophloia (gum-topped bloodwood), are often associated with the better drainage and permeability of the red Kandosols and the deep sandy Tenosols (uniform-textured profiles with weak horizon development), whereas E. brownii (Reid River box) is associated with soils that have slow permeability or are imperfectly drained, such as the Sodosols and Vertosols. Very small areas of Acacia cambagei (gidgee), A. harpophylla (brigalow) or A. argyrodendron (blackwood) may be present where this land unit is in close proximity to land unit CA3 or CA4. Other common plant species include Petalostigma pubescens (quinine tree) and A. coriacea (desert oak). Regional ecosystem is predominant, but small areas of and are also present. Site characteristics Landform element Plain Site drainage Well drained Flooding risk Nil Potential recharge to groundwater Low Present land use Grazing Average slope 1-2% Soil permeability Moderately permeable Inundation risk Low Soil depth Deep; m Susceptibility to land degradation processes Sheet erosion High Gully erosion Low Wind erosion Low Salting Very low Land Unit CA2 - page 1

2 Representative site number: 5623 Soil classification Australian Soil Classification KA AB AG CD - B E K M V Principle Profile Form Gn2.42-1/0/015 General soil description A gradational-textured profile with a clayey sand topsoil gradually increasing in clay content to a sandy clay loam subsoil. Soil profile morphology Horizon Horizon no Depth Description A Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2-Moist); Clayey sandheavy; Massive grade of structure; Earthy fabric; Dry; Very weak consistence; 0-2%, fine gravelly, 2-6mm, subrounded, Quartz, coarse fragments; Field ph 6 (Raupach, 0.03); Common, fine (1-2mm) roots; Clear A Brown (10YR4/3-Moist); Clayey sandheavy; Massive grade of structure; Earthy fabric; Dry; Weak consistence; 2-10%, fine gravelly, 2-6mm, subrounded, Quartz, coarse fragments; Very few (0-2 %), Ferromanganiferous, Nodules, Fine (0-2 mm) segregations; Field ph 6.5 (Raupach, 0.1); Common, fine (1-2mm) roots; Clear change to - B Strong brown (7.5YR4/6-Moist); Clayey sand; Massive grade of structure; Earthy fabric; Dry; Weak consistence; 2-10%, fine gravelly, 2-6mm, subrounded, Quartz, coarse fragments; Very few (0-2 %), Ferromanganiferous, Nodules, Medium (2-6 mm) segregations; Field ph 6.5 (Raupach, 0.3); Common, very fine (0-1mm) roots; Gradual change to - B Strong brown (7.5YR5/6-Moist); Sandy clay loam; Weak grade of structure, mm, Subangular blocky; Smooth-ped fabric; Dry; Weak consistence; 2-10%, fine gravelly, 2-6mm, subrounded, Quartz, coarse fragments; Few (2-10 %), Ferromanganiferous, Nodules, Medium (2-6 mm) segregations; Field ph 6.5 (Raupach, 0.5); Few, very fine Soil chemical analysis Horizon Horizon no. Depth ph Gravel % Phosphorus Potassium Nutrient status A Very low - - Moderate N - - A Aluminium Salt content Organic matter Sodicity Slaking Dispersion Land Unit CA2 - page 2

3 Field sites within this land unit (see technical report for original site nos.) Site code Site type 3534 Corveg 3536 Corveg 3550 Corveg 3552 Corveg 3555 Corveg 3562 Corveg 3566 Corveg 4786 Corveg 4787 Corveg 4788 Corveg 4808 Corveg 4810 Corveg 4821 Corveg 4827 Corveg 4832 Corveg 4835 Corveg 4851 Corveg 4860 Corveg 4861 Corveg 4863 Corveg Site code Site type 5002 Dalrymple 5007 Dalrymple 5009 Dalrymple 5013 Dalrymple 5014 Dalrymple 5026 Dalrymple 5028 Dalrymple 5033 Dalrymple 5036 Dalrymple 5052 Dalrymple 5053 Dalrymple 5054 Dalrymple 5059 Dalrymple 5061 Dalrymple 5083 Dalrymple 5088 Dalrymple 5089 Dalrymple 5090 Dalrymple 5091 Dalrymple 5092 Dalrymple Site code Site type 5093 Dalrymple 5094 Dalrymple 5095 Dalrymple 5098 Dalrymple 5099 Dalrymple 5103 Dalrymple 5104 Dalrymple 5115 Dalrymple 5116 Dalrymple 5123 Dalrymple 5125 Dalrymple 5134 Dalrymple 5136 Dalrymple 5139 Dalrymple 5143 Dalrymple 5147 Dalrymple 5155 Dalrymple 5157 Dalrymple 5162 Dalrymple 5196 Dalrymple Site code Site type 5197 Dalrymple 5198 Dalrymple 5199 Dalrymple 5200 Dalrymple 5201 Dalrymple 5202 Dalrymple 5203 Dalrymple 5206 Dalrymple 5212 Dalrymple 5218 Dalrymple 5224 Dalrymple 5236 Dalrymple 5239 Dalrymple 5240 Dalrymple 5242 Dalrymple 5244 Dalrymple 5245 Dalrymple 5249 Dalrymple 5250 Dalrymple 5251 Dalrymple Summary of plant species within this land unit Species Abutilon fraseri dwarf lantern flower*, Fraser's chinese lantern Abutilon oxycarpum flannel weed*, straggly lantern-bush Acacia argyrodendron blackwood*, black gidgee* Acacia bidwillii corkwood wattle*, dogwood, fern leafed wattle, corkwood Acacia cambagei gidgee*, stinking wattle, silver gidgee Acacia coriacea desert oak, wirewood, dogwood, wiry wattle Acacia coriacea subsp. sericophylla Acacia cowleana (Acacia oligophleba) Cowley's wattle*, sand wattle Acacia excelsa ironwood*, brigalow, bunkerman, ironwood wattle Acacia harpophylla brigalow*, bricklow, orkor Acacia holosericea soap bush wattle, candelabra wattle Acacia julifera subsp. curvinervia catkin wattle Acacia laccata wattle Acacia leptostachya slender wattle Acacia nervosa - Acacia nilotica subsp. Indica (1,5) prickly acacia*, babul, blackthorn, gum arabic tree Acacia sp. - Acacia tenuissima narrow-leaved wattle Acacia torulosa - Achyranthes aspera chaff flower*, chaff burr Alloteropsis cimicina - Alphitonia excelsa soap bush*, red ash, soaptree, white myrtle Alternanthera micrantha joyweed Alternanthera nana hairy joyweed*, downy joyweed, downy pigweed, native carpetweed Ammannia multiflora jerry-jerry* Apophyllum anomalum broom bush*, warrier bush Land Unit CA2 - page 3

4 Archidendropsis basaltica (Albizia basaltica) Aristida calycina Aristida calycina var. calycina Aristida contorta Aristida holathera Aristida holathera var. holathera Aristida hygrometrica Aristida ingrata Aristida jerichoensis Aristida jerichoensis var. jerichoensis Aristida muricata - Aristida pruinosa Aristida sp. Atalaya hemiglauca Bacopa floribunda - Bassia sp. Bergia trimera Boerhavia dominii Bonamia media Bothriochloa bladhii Bothriochloa decipiens Bothriochloa decipiens var. cloncurrensis Bothriochloa ewartiana Bothriochloa sp. - Brunfelsia australis Brunoniella australis Buchnera linearis Bulbostylis barbata Bursaria incana Canthium oleifolium Capparis lasiantha Carissa lanceolata Carissa ovata Carissa sp. Casuarina sp. - Cenchrus ciliaris (1,5) Centrolepis exserta - Chamaesyce drummondii Chamaesyce mitchelliana - Cheilanthes distans Chloris virgata (1,5) Chrysopogon fallax red lancewood*, dead finish, eastern dead finish dark wiregrass, branched wiregrass dark wiregrass bunched kerosene grass*, kerosene grass, mulga grass, sand speargrass, sand wiregrass, silver grass, windgrass erect kerosene grass, wiregrass, kerosene grass, large silver grass, tall kerosene grass erect kerosene grass, wiregrass corkscrew grass, northern kerosene grass wire grass Jericho wiregrass, blue speargrass, Jericho three-awn, No. 9 wiregrass, Number nine Jericho wiregrass gulf wiregrass, Gulf feathertop wiregrass three-awn speargrass*, wiregrass whitewood*, cattle bush tarvine*, murra, tah-vine grey-vine forest bluegrass*, bluegrass, Burnett River bluegrass, mountain bluegrass pitted bluegrass*, red grass, redleg grass pitted bluegrass* desert bluegrass*, desert Mitchell grass, Tableland Mitchell grass, lagoon Invalid species name* blue trumpet* buchnera, blackrod dainty sedge hoary blackthorn*, prickly pine*, mock orange myrtle tree,* wild lemon nipan,* nepine*, split jack *, wait-a-while currant bush*, conkerberry, Australian carissa, boonum bush, burrum bush, conkleberry currant bush*, blackberry*, kunkerberry*, baroom bush, burrum bush currant bush buffel grass*, African foxtail, black buffel grass, Rhodesian foxtail, slender buffel grass caustic-weed*, caustic creeper, creeping spurge, flat spurge, mat spurge, spurgewort bristly cloak fern*, shaggy rock fern feathertop rhodes grass*, father finger grass, feather windmill grass, feathertop chloris, hairy Rhodes grass, windmill grass, woollytop Rhodes grass golden beardgrass*, golden-beard grass, ribbon grass Land Unit CA2 - page 4

5 Corymbia dallachiana Corymbia dallachiana (Eucalyptus papuana) Corymbia erythrophloia (Eucalyptus erythrophloia) Corymbia peltata (Eucalyptus peltata) Corymbia plena Corymbia polycarpa (Eucalyptus polycarpa) Corymbia setosa (Eucalyptus setosa) Crinum flaccidum Crotalaria montana - Crotalaria sp. Cryptostegia grandiflora (1,5) Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis (1,5) - Cucurbitaceae sp. Cymbopogon bombycinus Cymbopogon obtectus Cymbopogon refractus Cymbopogon sp. - Cyperus castaneus var. brevimucronatus Cyperus dactylotes Cyperus exaltatus Cyperus fulvus Cyperus sp. Cyperus tenuispica - Dactyloctenium aegyptium Denhamia oleaster - Dianella longifolia Dichanthium ciliaris Dichanthium fecundum Dichanthium sericeum Dichanthium sp. - Digitaria ammophila Digitaria brownii Digitaria ciliaris Digitaria nematostachya - Digitaria sp. Dipteracanthus australasicus Distichostemon dodecandrus Dysphania glomulifera Ehretia saligna Elionurus citreus Elytrophorus spicatus Enneapogon gracilis Enneapogon lindleyanus Enneapogon polyphyllus ghost gum gum-topped bloodwood*, red bloodwood*, variable-barked bloodwood, red barked bloodwood yellowjacket*, broad-leaved rustyjacket large fruited bloodwood long-fruited bloodwood* rough-leaved bloodwood*, desert bloodwood, rough-leaf bloodwood, applejack, hairy gum Murray lily*, Darling lily, desert lily, flaccid lily, Macquarie crinum, Macquarie lily, native crinum, sandover lily, white lily rattlepod* rubber vine*, rubbervine, palay rubbervine silky-top grass*, silky oilgrass, citronella grass, native lemon grass silkyheads*, lemon scentgrass, woolly-headed grass barbed-wire grass*, kangaroo grass, turpentine grass tall flatsedge*, short cutty grass, giant sedge sticky sedge sedge* coast button grass*, Egyptian grass, finger grass smooth flax lily, blue flax lily, blueberry lily Invalid species name* Gulf bluegrass*, curly bluegrass, bundle-bundle Queensland bluegrass*, silky bluegrass silky umbrella grass*, hairy umbrella grass, cotton panic, spider grass cotton panic*, cotton panic grass, woolly finger, cotton grass, silver spike grass summer grass*, annual summer grass, common crabgrass, crabgrass distichostemon red crumbweed coonta, peach bush, false cedar lemon-scented grass*, lemon grass spikegrass* slender nineawn*, slender bottlewashers canetop nineawn*, nine-awn grass*, prickly couch*, wiry nineawn, bottlewasher leafy nineawn*, limestone bottlewashers, oatgrass Land Unit CA2 - page 5

6 Enneapogon sp. Enteropogon acicularis Enteropogon sp. - Epaltes australis Eragrostis elongata Eragrostis lacunaria Eragrostis sororia Eragrostis sp. Eragrostis speciosa Eragrostis tenellula Eremophila mitchellii Eremophila sp. - Eriachne armitii Eriachne mucronata Eriachne obtusa Eriachne rara - Eriachne sp. Erythroxylum australe Eucalyptus brownii Eucalyptus cambageana Eucalyptus crebra Eucalyptus drepanophylla Eucalyptus melanophloia Eucalyptus normantonensis Eucalyptus platyphylla Eucalyptus shirleyi Eucalyptus similis Eucalyptus sp. - Eucalyptus tereticornis Eucalyptus whitei Eucalyptus xanthoclada Eulalia aurea Euphorbia tannensis Evolvulus alsinoides Fimbristylis densa - Fimbristylis dichotoma Fimbristylis sp. Galactia tenuiflora Glycine clandestina var. sericea Glycine tomentella Gomphrena celosioides (1,5) Goodenia armitiana - Goodenia hirsuta Gossypium australe Grevillea parallela Grevillea sp. - Grevillea striata Grewia retusifolia bottlewashers* curly windmill grass*, large windmill grass, spider grass, star grass, umbrella grass spreading nutheads* clustered love grass*, close-headed lovegrass purple lovegrass*, lovegrass, neverfail woodland lovegrass* lovegrass handsome lovegrass delicate lovegrass* sandalbox*, bastard sandalwood*, budda, false sandalwood, sandalwood long-awned wanderrie, long-awned wanderrie grass mountain wanderrie grass*, rock grass northern wanderrie grass* cocaine tree*, native cocaine, native cocoa, turkey bush Reid River box*, Brown's box* Dawson gum*, coowarra box*, Dawson River blackbutt*, blackbutt ironbark*, narrow-leaved red ironbark*, narrow-leaf ironbark, red ironbark grey ironbark*, narrow leafed ironbark, Queensland grey ironbark silver ironbark*, silver-leaf ironbark, broad-leaf ironbark, silver-leaved ironbark Normanton box* white gum*, poplar gum silver-leaved ironbark*, Shirley's silver-leaf ironbark Queensland yellowjacket*, yellowjacket red irongum*, forest red gum, blue gum, Gippsland red gum, Queensland blue gum, red rion gum White's ironbark* yellow-branched ironbark*, yellow ironbark silky browntop*, browntop, satintop, sugar grass, swamp grass desert spurge* tropical speedwell*, baby blue eyes* common fringe-rush*, fimbri sedge*, eight-day grass finger rush snail flower* twining glycine woolly glycine*, rusty glycine gomphrena weed*, soft khaki weed, white-eye native cotton silver oak beefwood* dysentery bush*, dog's balls*, emu berry Land Unit CA2 - page 6

7 Hakea lorea Hakea sp. - Heliotropium cunninghamii Heteropogon contortus Hibiscus meraukensis Hibiscus sturtii Hybanthus enneaspermus Indigofera linifolia Iseilema vaginiflorum Jacquemontia paniculata Jasminum didymum subsp. didymum - Keraudrenia collina Keraudrenia corollata Leptosema oxylobioides - Lobelia quadrangularis Lysiphyllum carronii Macroptilium lathyroides (1,5) Maytenus cunninghamii Melaleuca nervosa Melaleuca sp. Melaleuca tamariscina - Melaleuca viridiflora Melhania oblongifolia Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum repens) (1,5) Mnesithea formosa - Ocimum americanum var. americanum (1,5) Oldenlandia mitrasacmoides - Oldenlandia mitrasacmoides subsp. mitrasacmoides Panicum decompositum Panicum effusum (Panicum effusum var. effusum) Panicum sp. Parkinsonia aculeata (1,5) Parsonsia lanceolata Parsonsia straminea Paspalidium distans Paspalidium gracile Paspalidium rarum Perotis rara Petalostigma banksii Petalostigma pubescens Phyllanthus maderaspatensis - Phyllanthus sp. Phyllanthus virgatus Planchonia careya corkbark, bootlace, corkwood, witinti, bootlace oak black speargrass*, bunch speargrass*, speargrass Merauke hibiscus*, native hibiscus hill hibiscus* spade flower*, blue spade flower native indigo, narrow-leaf indigo red Flinders grass* jacquemontia inland velvet flower* ebony tree*, red bauhinia*, small-leaved bauhinia*, northern bean tree, bauhinia, pegunny, Queensland ebony phasey bean* yellow berry bush* paperbark teatree, woodland paperbark, fibrebark tea-tree, paperbark broad-leaved ti-tree*, paperbark ti-tree*, broad-leaf teatree, broad-leaf paperbark velvet hibiscus red natal grass*, natal grass, natal redtop hoary basil, American basil Australian millet*, native millet*, native panic, umbrella grass, wild millet, windmill grass hairy panic*, branched panic, diffuse panic, effuse panic, poison panic, two-colour panic panicum Jerusalem thorn*, jelly bean tree*, parkinsonia*, Mexican palo verde, palo verde, ratama northern silkpod* monkey rope*, common silkpod shotgrass* slender panic*, graceful picnic grass rare panic*, rare paspalidium, warrego summer grass comet grass*, pyramid grass smooth-leaved quinine quinine tree*, bitterbark, native quince, quinine berry, quinine bush dwarf spurge cockatoo apple*, cocky apple*, cockey apple, billygoat plum, mangaloo Land Unit CA2 - page 7

8 Polycarpaea corymbosa - Polygala isingii Polymeria ambigua Polymeria calycina Portulaca oleracea Portulaca oligosperma - Portulaca pilosa Pterocaulon redolens Pterocaulon sphacelatum Ptilotus fusiformis var. fusiformis - Rhynchosia minima Rhynchospora pterochaeta - Rostellularia adscendens Rotala mexicana - Rutidosis sp. Santalum lanceolatum creeping polymeria, creeping bindweed pink bindweed* pigweed*, common pigweed, common purslane, munyeroo, neverdie, perennial pigweed, portulaca weed, purslane, red pigweed, purselane hairy pigweed* ragweed applebush*, ragwort, fruit-salad plant ryncho*, rhynchosia dwarf justicia*, pink tongues Sarga plumosum (Sorghum plumosum) plume sorghum Sauropus trachyspermus Schizachyrium fragile Sclerolaena tetracuspis Senna coronilloides - Sida aprica Sida atherophora subsp. atherophora Sida cordifolia Sida fibulifera Sida filiformis Sida rohlenae Sida sp. - Sida spinosa (1,5) Sida subspicata Solanum ellipticum Spermacoce brachystema Sporobolus australasicus Sporobolus caroli Sporobolus sp. - Streptoglossa odora Stylidium eriorhizum - Stylosanthes scabra (1,5) Stylosanthes sp. - Tephrosia leptoclada Terminalia aridicola Terminalia oblongata Themeda avenacea Themeda quadrivalvis (1,5) Themeda triandra Thryptomene parviflora - Tinospora smilacina Tricoryne elatior plum bush*, sandalwood*, wild plum*, cherry bush, native plumbush, northern sandalwood, plumwood, true sandalwood, bush plum slender spurge firegrass*, red spathe grass, small redleaf brigalow burr*, dogburr pin sida, silver sida fine sida shrub sida spiny sida* spiked sida*, Queensland hemp, subspicate sida potato bush*, hillside flannel bush, potato weed, tomato bush, velvet nightshade, velvet potato bush, wild gooseberry buttonweed, borreria Australian dropseed*, fairy grass fairy grass*, yakka grass*, pretty sporobolus, small pepper grass mintbush shrubby stylo, seca stylo arid peach yellow wood*, yellowwood native oatgrass*, native oat, oat kangaroo grass, oatgrass, tall oat, tall oatgrass grader grass*, habana grass, oatgrass kangaroo grass*, red oatgrass snakevine* yellow autumn lily*, yellow rush lily Land Unit CA2 - page 8

9 Triodia mitchellii buck spinifex*, spinifex, soft spinifex Triodia pungens soft spinifex, gummy spinifex, spinifex Triodia sp. spinifex Tripogon loliiformis five minute grass*, eight-day grass, rye beettle grass Urochloa mosambicensis (1,5) sabi grass*, herringbone grass, perennial urochloa grass, salu grass Ventilago sp. - Ventilago viminalis supplejack*, vine tree, thandorah Vigna lanceolata maloga bean*, native bean, parsnip bean, yam bean Wahlenbergia gracilis sprawling bluebell*, bluebell, Australian bluebell Wahlenbergia sp. Australian bluebell* Waltheria indica waltheria Wedelia spilanthoides creeping sunflower* Xenostegia tridentata - Ziziphus mauritiana (1,5) Indian jujube*, chinee apple*, Chinese date Zornia adenophora - Zornia muriculata zornia* Zornia muriculata subsp. muriculata - 1. Introduced plant 2. Consider for protection 3. Pending registration 4. Rare plant 5. Environmental weed 6. Endangered plant 7. Vulnerable plant 8. Agricultural pest * Wildnet preferred common name; Species in brackets refer to previously known name Special features These extensive plains appear to be quite uniform, however variations in depth to hardpan, quantity of gravel in the profile, and the degree of mottling or sodicity in the subsoil, all influence the general productivity of the area. Ironbark woodlands support a very high number of animal species, including many of conservation significance. They have a higher proportion of terrestrial mammals and reptiles than the box country, but are similarly significant for woodland bird species. Implications for land use Dense pastures and a good ground cover of litter are necessary to maintain a loose open seedbed with good infiltration characteristics. Runoff, and the risk of soil erosion, increases if the protective ground cover or tree vegetation is removed. Maintaining a high proportion of the perennial grasses not only ensures a rapid response to rain and optimum grass production, but the litter and tussock bases slow down runoff and allow more time for infiltration. If pastures are overgrazed the more palatable, nutritious species are removed allowing the less desirable species such as neverfail, wiregrass and currant bush to take over. As the area of bare ground increases, the amount of water infiltrating and being stored in the soil is reduced, causing higher runoff, erosion and less soil-water storage. It becomes more difficult for plant species to survive the next dry period, and so more bare ground is exposed and the situation deteriorates further, resulting in a shorter growing season, lower productivity and a loss of biodiversity. Spelling pddocks gives the more palatable plant species a chance of maintaining a presence in the pasture. A hardpan within the soil profile impedes rooting depth and deep water movement, and, depending on its depth, restricts the amount of moisture that can be stored in the soil however, on the positive side, a hardpan prevents the deep percolation of soil water beyond the root zone. The small areas of gidgee on heavy clay soils (RE ) have an 'Of Concern' biodiversity conservation status*. This land unit is included in Land Management Unit 9. *See definitions at ional_ecosystems/introduction_and_status. Land Unit CA2 - page 9