Overview and mp ementati tion f o ITPGRFA f ITPGRFA in Lebanon.

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1 Overview and implementation ti of ITPGRFA in Lebanon.

2 Lebanon is a small country ( km2), located in the Near East Fertile region where domestication of species started ten thousand years ago. Lebanon Characterize by a climatic diversity ranging from semi-arid to humid, that allow for a large number of plant genetic resources to live

3 Cultivated area in 2007 Olives 21% Others 9% Cereals 25% Fruit trees 30% Vegetables 15% The main crops grown in Lebanon are olives, fruit trees and cereals each representing over 20% of the total t cultivated t area in the country, followed by tubers and fruity vegetables.

4 Loss in species number 96 terrestrial species are listed as rare Endemism in Lebanon: Species 2597 Species Mouterde (1966) Tohmeh (2007) to habitat t conversion adoption of new varieties land reclamation climate change overgrazing

5 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture based on the Law No. 559 dated 11/2/2004, Lebanon has signed and ratified the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for food and Agriculture Objectives are: Conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and Agriculture Equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their use

6 Main obligations in the ITPGRFA According to the article 5.1,The contracting parties are obliged to promote appropriate policy and legal measures : Conservation, exploration, collection, Characterization, Evaluation and documentation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Sustainable use of plant genetic resources Farmers'rights The Multilateral System for access and benefit-sharing

7 Implementation of The ITPGRFA LARI MOA Universities MOE CNRS Farmers NGOS.

8 Activities Related to ITPGRFA

9 1- Ex situ conservation

10 Some PGRFA stored in ICARDA Th L b A i l l R h I i (LARI) i ll b i i h ICARDA The Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) in collaboration with ICARDA, collected more than 1969 accessions of wild wheat relatives and forage from Bekaa region and conserved them in CGIAR (ICARDA) gene banks.

11 Species and number of accessions related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at CGIAR (ICARDA) genebanks. Crop Species Number of accessions Faba Bean/Vetch Vicia ervilia 1 Vicia faba 36 Vicia hybrida 1 Vicia mollis 2 Vicia narbonensis 37 Vicia palastina 3 Vicia peregrina 3 Vicia sativa 9 Vicia sp 1 Vicia villosa 1 Medicago Medicago sativa 104 Medicago scutellata 2 Medicago rigidula 25 Medicago truncatula 71 Trifolium Trifolium alexandrinum 1 Trifolium arvense 1 Trifolium repens 3 Trifolium resupinatum 19 Dactylis Dactylis glomerata 2 Onobrychis Onobrychis sp 1 Maize Zea Mays 7 Cowpea et al Vigna unguiculata 2 Triticum Triticum aestivum 43 Triticum monococcum 9 Triticum secal 4 Triticum turgidum 112 Triticum urartu 16 Triticale Triticosecale sp. 9 Sorghum Sorghom bicolor 360 Eggplant Solanum melongena 1 Pea Pisum sativum 3 Lentil Lens culinaris 84 Lens ervoides 15 Lens orientalis 4 Chickpea Cicer arietinum 47 Cicer pinnatifidum 1 Barley Hordeum vulgare 52 Grass pea Lathyrus gorgoni 1 Lathyrus hierosolymitanus 2 Total 1095

12 LEBANESE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE PLANT BREEDING DEPARTMENT Millennium Seed Bank Project In Collaboration With Royal Botanic Gardens-UK

13 Species related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at LARI genebanks (Tal amara) Crop Species Number of species Atriplex Atriplex patula, Atriplex semibaccata 2 Beet Beta vulgaris 1 Brassica complex Barbarea plantaginea, Biscutella didyma, Brassica cretica, Brassica rapa, 14 Crambe orientalis, Diplotaxis erucoides, Isatis lusitanica, Lepidium sativum, Lepidium spinosum, Raphanus pugioniformis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Raphanus sativus, Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis Yams Dioscorea communis, Dioscorea orientalis 2 Faba Bean/Vetch Vicia canescens, Vicia cuspidate, Vicia palaestina, Vicia parviflora, Vicia 6 sativa, Vicia tenuifolia Lotus Lotus corniculatus, Lotus tenuis 2 Medicago Medicago astroites, Medicago sativa 2 Melilotus Melilotus albus 1 Trifolium Trifolium angustifolium, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium resupinatum 3 Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1 Arrhenatherum Arrhenatherum elatius 1 Dactylis Dactylis glomerata 1 Festuca Festuca arundinacea 1 Lolium Lolium perenne 1 Phalaris Phalaris aquatica 1 Phleum Phleum pratense 1 Pearl Millet Pennisetum setaceum 1 Sorghum Sorghum halepense 1 Solanum Solanum alatum, Solanum nigrum 2 Total 44 More than 1500 wild accessions representing 972 species are stored both at LARI and RBG seed banks.

14 Fruit trees species conserved ex situ at LARI stations Species Olea europea Vitis vinifera Prunus domestica Prunus armeniaca Prunus avium Prunus persica Prunus dulcis Ficus carica Citrus sp Vitis vinifera Total Number of varieties Type of conserved varieties Local accessions and advanced cultivars Local accessions and advanced cultivars Advanced and improved cultivars Advanced and improved cultivars Advanced and improved cultivars Advanced and improved cultivars Advanced and improved cultivars Local accessions Advanced and improved cultivars Traditional accessions and improved cultivars Regarding fruit species, field gene banks were established at LARI

15 the Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute allocates some of its budget to fund programmes for the conservations of genetic resources. A national seed bank will be established in the next couple of years under technical and scientific advice of Royal Botanic gardens

16 2- In situ conservation

17 Projects related to in situ conservation Strengthening of national capacity and grassroots in-situ conservation for sustainable biodiversity protection (MoE/UNDP/GEF; ) Conservation of wetlands and coastal zones in the Mediterranean- MedWetCoast Project (MoE/UNDP/FFEM; ) Integrated management of cedar forests Project (MoE/AUB/UNEP/GEF; ) 2007) Stable institutional framework for protected areas management- SISPAM"Project (MoE, EC LIFE; ) Conservation and sustainable use of dryland Agrobiodiversity (LARI/UNDP/GEF; ) Sustainable use of natural resources Project (Private Initiatives/IBSAR; ) Wild edible plants: Promoting dietary diversity in poor communities of Lebanon Project (IDRC/AUB; ) Mainstreaming biodiversity management into medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPS) (LARI/UNDP/GEF; )

18 Nature reserves in Lebanon (in-situ conservation) Horsh Ehden: Law 121, 9/3/1992 Palm Island: Law 121, 9/3/1992 Shouf Cedars: Law 532, 24/7/1996 Tyre Coast: Law 708, 5/11/1998 Bentael: Law 11, 20/2/1999 Yammouni: Law 10, 20/2/1999 Tannourine Cedars: Law 9, 20/2/1999 Protected areas in Lebanon: 200Km2 The in situ conservation and management of genetic resources has increased in Lebanon over the recent years. This is reflected by an increase in the number of protected areas spread across the country. Seven natural reserves have been established between 1992 and 1999 through laws approved by the parliament.

19 3- Characterization of Plant Genetic Resources Morphological Characterization Molecular Characterization

20 Shamouti Shamouti Moro Sokkari Ovoïde Semi-deltoïde Cunéiforme Claviforme Fusiforme Abou sorra 3 Sokkari 6 Morphological Diversity of CITRUS SINENSIS

21 48 accessions s 6 groups at 0.26 Dendogram of 48 accessions of Citrus sinensis based on 86 discriminant morphological traits

22 Spike colour Ear shape Diversity of salamouni wheat variety Glume shape Spike density

23 Diversity of salamouni wheat variety 20/300 Lines Dendogram of different lines of Salamouni wheat variety based on 24 discriminant morphological traits

24 Wild Almond A.communis It an it e A. korshinskyi Wadi faara A. communiszeghrine A. communiskousaya 32 A. communis Kousaya 33 Var. K hachabi A. ko rsh in skyi Ainata Var. Baladi Var. H alawani double kernels Var.Metwi A. orientalis Wadi Kahil A. o rien ta lis W adi Soueid A. o rien ta lis Wadi Zaarour A. orientalis Ain Shaab A. orientalis Zeghrine A. orientaliswadi turkman A. spartioides Fe rz o l Coefficient Dendogram constructed from 16 singlelocus SSR using SimGen program, Jaccard distance, and UPGMA clustering

25 Vitis vinifera 47/48 Diversity of berry shape Oubeidi: Round Samaani Abiad: Oblate Maghdoushi: Obtuse ovate Al-Mir: Obovate Baitamouni: Oblong Karn Al-Ghazal: Arched Baitamouni Asouad: Narrow elliptic Zaghzaghani: Elliptic Distance de Jaccard Amarcani iabiad Groupe I Loulhalou Aasiri Maksasi Ashlamish Abiad Khoudri Zaitouni Boulbouli Asouad Ashlamish Ahmar Souri Zahlaoui Groupe II Souri Souri Mhayyar Oubaidi Mariami Nari Moukh Al-Baghel Nabi Zeiny Nih Rins Zagfzaghani Maghdoushi Amarcani Asouad Bzaz Al- Anzi Amarcani Souri Ainouni Asouad Baitamouni Asouad Groupe III Houzairani Bi Baitamounii Karn Al- Ghazal Gnoubi Gbaii Arasani Asali Al-Mir Maghdoushi Mgaddad Yafaoui Groupe IV Raha Misky Souri Asouad Bakhouri Groupe V Tfaifihi Aasmi Samaani Asouad Groupe VI Bourji Ari Samaani Abiad Dendogram constructed from 9 morphological traits, using SimGen program, Jaccard distance, and UPGMA clustering with 48 accessions.

26 Biadi 1 Biadi mtawal Biadi hameri Biadi sghir Biadi 2 Biadi 9 Meski Aswad 10 Kaab ghazal Aswad 9 Diversity fruit shape of fig Aswad assali

27 0.1 Ficus carica 37/62 Aadlouni Bekrati 3 Naaoussi 1 Aalayni Bertati Aasfouri Jeld-el-Tawr Chatawi 5 Aswad 11 Aswad 8 Hmayri Jabali 2 Jabali 1 Inbi Biadi sghir Biadi 9 Biadi 7 Biadi 6 Biadi 5 Biadi 4 Biadi 2 Biadi 12 Biadi 11 Biadi 1 Biadi 10 Bekrati 4 Américan Jammali Aswad 14 Chebli Sbaii 1 Sbaii 3 Sbaii 2 Aassali Arassi Chatawi 1 Aswad 4 Aswad 6 Ahmar Meski Soukari Chatawi 3 Chatawi 4 French 1 Aswad 2 Bekrati 2 Sidani Biadi hameri Bekrati 1 Bekrati 7 Naaoussi 2 Chatawi 2 Chatawi 6 Aswad 12 Aswad 10 Aswad sghir Iraqui sultani Bekrati aswad Kaab ghazal Chatawi 8 Iraqui 1 Iraqui 2 Dendogram constructed from 11 single-locus SSR, using SimQual program, Jaccard distance and UPGMA clustering with the 62 fig clones

28 Olea europea 27/36 Single Linkage Baladi1 Hermel Baladi2 Quana Shami Koura Baladi1 Ain Baladi1Aain Baal Baladi1Rmediyeh Roumani4 Quana Dal1 Bakifa Baladi3 Quana Baladi Roumani Deir Aamess Remmani3 Koura Abou Chawkeh el-fakeh Baladi Kbir1 Koura Balah el-labweh Baladi2 Nabi Chite Roumani 1 Aitaroun Bisani2 Aitaroun Baladi3 Koura Baladi6 Koura Aayrouni Shouf Remmani7 Koura Sabbighi Shouf Baladi10 Koura Baladi3 Shouf Baladi5 el-fakeh Baladi Mabroum1 Koura Remmani1 Koura Baladi Jlot Lala Baladi1 Sheheen Roumani7 Quana Baladi2 Hermel Baladi2 Ain Bisani2 Bakifa Kalbe el-tair el-labweh Baladi2 Rmediyeh Baladi1 Janata Euclidean Distances Dendogram of 36 olive accessions based on 15 discriminant morphological traits

29 4-Seed multiplication The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute is conducting some development activities such as: Production of quality seeds (mainly wheat) in order to provide treated and cleaned wheat seeds to the farmers.

30 5- In vitro propagation for the production of certified material Sanitation by mersitem culture or thermotherapy Micropropagation Application for economically important crops: - Stone fruits - Banana - Strawberry - Potato - Caper and ornamentals

31 6-Notification to the Multilateral System The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute introduced 44 species for 19 crops listed in Annex 1 under the conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

32 Species related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at LARI genebanks (Tal amara) Crop Species Number of species Atriplex Atriplex patula, Atriplex semibaccata 2 Beet Beta vulgaris 1 Brassica complex Barbarea plantaginea, Biscutella didyma, Brassica cretica, Brassica rapa, 14 Crambe orientalis, Diplotaxis erucoides, Isatis lusitanica, Lepidium sativum, Lepidium spinosum, Raphanus pugioniformis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Raphanus sativus, Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis Yams Dioscorea communis, Dioscorea orientalis 2 Faba Bean/Vetch Vicia canescens, Vicia cuspidate, Vicia palaestina, Vicia parviflora, Vicia 6 sativa, Vicia tenuifolia Lotus Lotus corniculatus, Lotus tenuis 2 Medicago Medicago astroites, Medicago sativa 2 Melilotus Melilotus albus 1 Trifolium Trifolium angustifolium, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium resupinatum 3 Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1 Arrhenatherum Arrhenatherum elatius 1 Dactylis Dactylis glomerata 1 Festuca Festuca arundinacea 1 Lolium Lolium perenne 1 Phalaris Phalaris aquatica 1 Phleum Phleum pratense 1 Pearl Millet Pennisetum setaceum 1 Sorghum Sorghum halepense 1 Solanum Solanum alatum, Solanum nigrum 2 Total species for 19 crops introduced under the SMTA

33 7-Reports The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute reported to the secretariat of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture information related to the Multilateral System of access and benefit-sharing of Lebanon (IT/GB-4/11/Inf.9 Appendix 5) (Chehade, 2010). The Ministry of Environment was prepared the third national report of Lebanon to the convention on biological diversity (Jaradi et al, 2005).

34 Lebanon has already prepared the second country report on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture,.

35 which is available on website

36 8-Legislation According to the Law No. 559 dated 11/2/2004 that allows the Lebanese government to join the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for food and Agriculture, a draft law On the management of Plant genetic resources for Food and Agriculture in Lebanon is currently under preparation in order to be issued by the parliament The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute that is a focal Point has made amendments on the draft law in coordination with MOA, MOE, Universities and CNRS.

37 Model Law on The Management of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Arab Organization for Agricultural Development The Minister of Agriculture shall be responsible for the implementation tion of this Law (Article5) The Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute shall be responsible for carrying out the functions assigned to the Authority under this Law (Article 6) A Plant Genetic Resources Committee will be established (Article 7) Conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (Article 8) Sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (Article 9) Protection and promotion of farmers rights (Article 10) Protection of farmers' plant varieties (Article 11) Implementation of the Multilateral System (Article 12)

38 9-Workshops related To PGRFA Workshop on negotiating and discussion a Lebanese model law on the management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, held at the Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute, Rayak Tal amara ( 18-21/10/2009).

39 Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Agricultural Systems Organized by LARI and held in Baalbeck (11-12/10/2010). One of the prioritized iti options identified d by this workshop aimed to maintain the genetic diversity of the dominant wild species and local varieties adapted to climatic change of Baalbeck region for wheat, barley, Prunus, fig and caper

40 National needs The government of Lebanon should consider the plant genetic resources and their sustainable use as a national priority. In this regard, there is a need to: Provide financial support for training and strengthening infrastructure t (Gene Bank) Scientific, technical and educational trainings aiming at technology transfer Define the genetic resources found in Lebanon and its location.raise awareness for farmers and consumers using common languages and vulgarized information Promote the function of the plant genetic resources committee to finalize the Lebanese model law on the management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in order to be issued by the parliament

Warm-Season Grass Common Name: Sorghum. Scientific Name: Sorghum bicolor. Family: Poaceae

Warm-Season Grass Common Name: Sorghum Scientific Name: Sorghum bicolor Family: Poaceae Warm-Season Grass Common Name: Sudangrass Scientific Name: Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. Sudanese Family: