Heat Zone () indicates estimate based on distribution maps for the Carolina's Height x Width

Transcription

1 Climate Genus Specific epithet Common Name Zone () indicates estimate based on distribution maps for the Carolina's Heat Zone () indicates estimate based on distribution maps for the Carolina's Height x Width Full Sun(FS) Partial Sun(PS) Shade(SH) High Water(HW) Med.Water(MW) Low Water(LW) Comments Acacia angustissima prairie acacia ' x 3-6' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Acacia angustissima hirta dwarf prairie acacia ' x 1-6' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Acer saccharinum silver maple ' x 40' FS,PS/HW,MW,LW sap boiled down for syrup and sugar Acer saccharum sugar maple ' x 40' FS,SH/MW sap boiled down for syrup and sugar Acer saccharum var. nigrum black maple ' x 25' FS,SH/MW sap boiled down for syrup and sugar Achillea millefolium yarrow " x 24" FS/MW,LW Achillea ptarmica white tansy yarrow " x 24" FS/MW,LW Actinidia arguta hardy kiwifruit ' FS,PS/MW edible fruit; ; need male and female Actinidia deliciosa kiwi fruit ' FS,PS/HW,MW edible fruit; ; need male and female Actinidia kolomikta super hardy kiwifruit ' FS,PS/MW edible fruit; ; need male and female Actinidia purpurea purple hardy kiwifruit ' FS,PS/MW edible fruit; ; need male and female Adiantum pedatum maidenhair fern " x 12-16" PS,SH/MW Agastache foeniculum anise hyssop ' x 12" FS,PS/MW tea, Alcea rosea hollyhock ' x 24" FS/MW edible young leaves, flowers, Allium ampeloprasum perennial sweet leek ' x 1' FS/MW edible leaves, culinary, Allium canadense wild garlic " x 1' FS,PS/MW,LW edible leaves, bulb, flowers, culinary, ; may cause digestive upset in children Allium cepa aggregatum potato onion ' x 1' FS/MW edible leaves, bulb, culinary, Allium cepa aggregatum shallot ' x 1' FS/MW edible leaves, bulb, culinary, Allium cepa proliferum Egyptian walking onion ' x 2-5' FS/MW edible leaves, bulb, culinary, Allium cernuum nodding wild onion 3-8 (8-5) 1-2' x 1' -2' FS,PS/MW edible leaves, bulb, culinary, Allium fistulosum Welsh onion ' x 1-2' FS/MW edible leaves, roots, culinary, Allium schoenoprasum chives " x 6-20" FS,PS/MW edible leaves, flowers, culinary, Allium tricoccum ramps 4-8 (5-1) 6-10" x indefinite PS,SH/MW edible leaves, roots, flowers, culinary, Allium tuberosum garlic chives " x 12" FS/MW edible leaves, flowers, culinary, Alnus cordata Italian alder ' x 20-35' FS,PS/HW,MW,LW, nitrogen fixer Alnus incana grey alder ' x 30' FS,PS/HW,MW,LW, nitrogen fixer Alnus rugosa speckled alder ' x 20-35' FS,PS/HW, nitrogen fixer Alnus serrulata smooth alder ' x 12-20' FS,PS/HW, nitrogen fixer Althaea officinalis marsh mallow ' x 2-4' FS/HW,MW edible leaves, roots (candied), culinary, Amelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon ' x 5-15' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, Amelanchier arborea Downy serviceberry ' x 30' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, Amelanchier bartramiana Bartram s shadblow ' x 2-8' FS,PS/HW,MW edible fruit, Amelanchier canadensis Shadbush 3-7 (9-1) 20' x 10' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, Amelanchier lamarkii juneberry ' x 20-35' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, Amelanchier obovalis southern juneberry 6-8 (9-1) 8-10' x 8-10' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, Amelanchier stolonifera running juneberry ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, Amorpha canescens leadplant ' x 5' FS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Amorpha fruticosa false indigo 2-8 (9-1) 15' x 15' FS/HW,MW,LW nitrogen fixer Amorpha nana fragrant false indigo 3-6 3' x 3' FS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Amorphophallus riveri konjac konjac ' x 3' FS,PS/MW edible roots cook 45 minutes +; eat only food types, not ornamental varieties, Amphicarpa bracteata hog peanut 3-9 (9-5) 1-3' x 1-3' FS,PS,SH/MW edible tubers, seeds, nitrogen fixer Andropogon sp. broom straw (2-8) (9-1) 6' x 24" FS,PS/MW,LW wildlife Antennaria dioica pussy toes " x 18" FS,PS/MW,LW Antennaria plantaginifolia pussy toes 3-10 (9-5) 2-10" x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW Apios americana groundnut 3-10 (9-5) 4-8' x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible tubers, nitrogen fixer Apios fortunei Fortune s groundnut 3-6' x 3-6' FS,PS/MW edible tubers, nitrogen fixer

2 Apios priceana Price s groundnut 6 3-6' x 3-6' FS,PS/MW edible tubers, nitrogen fixer Aquilegia canadensis columbine ' x 1-2' FS,PS,SH/MW edible flowers Arabis caucasica rock cress " x 20" FS/MW,LW edible leaves, Aralia cordata udo 4b ' x 6-9' FS,PS/MW edible blanched shoots boiled or soaked in salted water, Aralia elata angelica tree ' x 30' FS,PS/MW edible leaves Aralia hispida bristly sarsaparilla 3 1-3' x 1-3' FS,PS/MW,LW roots for root-beer flavor and tea, Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla (3-7) (7-1) 12-18" x indefinite FS,PS/MW roots for root-beer flavor and tea, Aralia racemosa spikenard ' x 4' FS,PS,SH/MW culinary, tea, Araucaria araucana monkey puzzle tree ' x 22-30' FS/MW edible nuts (takes 30 years from seed to produce) Araucaria bidwillii bunya-bunya ' x 20-30' FS/MW edible nuts Arbutus unedo strawberry tree ' x 25' FS/MW edible fruit Arctostaphylos uva-ursi bearberry " x 20" FS/MW,LW edible fruit bland, tea (leaves and fruit), Armoracia rusticana horseradish ' x 18" FS,PS/MW edible young leaves (horseradish flavor), roots source of horseradish, Arnoglossum atriplicifolia pale Indian plantain 4 3-6' x 3' PS,SH/MW Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry ' x 5' FS,PS/HW,MW edible berry, cooked, Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry ' x 10' FS,PS/HW,MW,LW edible berry, cooked, Aronia x prunifolia purple chokeberry ' x 8' FS,PS/HW,MW,LW edible fruit Artemisia dracunculus var. sativa French tarragon ' x 12" FS/MW culinary, Artemisia frigida fringed sagebrush 2 18" x 18" FS,PS/MW,LW Artemisia stelleriana beach wormwood " x 12-18" FS,PS/MW,LW Arundinaria gigantea canebrake bamboo ' x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW edible young bamboo shoots cooked Arundinaria gigantea tecta dwarf canebrake ' x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW edible young bamboo shoots cooked, seeds (beware of poisonous purple fungus) Asarum canadense wild ginger " x 6" PS,SH/MW ginger flavored rhizome (culinary), Asarum shuttleworthii Shuttleworth s ginger " x 12" PS,SH/MW ginger flavored rhizome (culinary) Asarum splendens Chinese evergreen wild ginger " x indefinite PS,SH/MW culinary Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed ' x 24" FS/HW,MW Asclepias syriaca milkweed ' x indefinite FS/HW,MW,LW edible young shoots, young leaves, or young flower buds cooked in 2-3 changes of water; edible flowers boiled 1 minute, then fried; poisonous raw, Asimina triloba pawpaw ' x 20' FS,PS,SH/MW edible fruit (George Washington's favorite), Asparagus officinalis asparagus ' x 4' FS,PS/MW edible young sprouts Asphodeline lutea yellow asphodel ' x 2-3' FS,PS/MW edible young shoots, roots, flowers, Aster divaricatus white wood aster ' x 2' FS,PS,SH/MW beneficial insects Aster novae-angliae New England aster ' x 2' FS,PS beneficial insects Astragalus canadensis Canadian milkvetch 3-8 (8-5) 1-4' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW edible roots cooked, nitrogen fixer Astragalus crassicarpus groundplum milkvetch " x 1-2' FS/MW,LW edible 1" pods, nitrogen fixer Astragalus glycyphyllos milk vetch " x 3-5' FS/MW,LW, nitrogen fixer Astragalus membranaceous huang-qi 5 2-3' x 2-3' FS/MW tea (roots), Athyrium filix-femina lady fern ' x 2-3' PS,SH/HW,MW Atriplex halimus saltbush ' x 8' FS/MW,LW edible leaves, Balsamorhiza sagittata balsamroot sunflower 4 1-2' x 1-2' FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves and shoots, roots raw or cooked, culinary Baptisia australis wild blue indigo x 4' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Baptisia tinctoria yellow wild indigo ' x 2-5' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Baptisia sp varies varies varies varies nitrogen fixer Bellis perennis English daisy " x 2-8" FS,PS/MW edible young leaves, Berberis canadensis Canada barberry 4-8 (7-1) 5' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW,LW edible berry cooked, Beta vulgaris maritima sea beet 7 3' x 2' FS,PS/MW edible leaves cooked, Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch ' x 30' FS,PS,SH/MW sap boiled down for syrup, tea (twigs, root bark, dried leaves), twigs for chewing;

3 Betula lenta black birch ' x 30' FS,PS/MW,LW sap boiled down for syrup, tea (twigs, root bark, dried leaves), twigs for chewing; Blephilia ciliata downy wood mint 4-7 (7-1) 1-2' x 1-2' PS/ MW,LW leaves minty flavor (culinary), tea Blephilia hirsuta hairy wood mint 4-7 (8-1) 1-2' x 1-2' PS/MW leaves minty flavor (culinary), tea Borago officinalis borage annual ' x 19" FS/MW edible young leaves cooked and flowers, Brassica juncea chinese mustard annual 2-3' x 1' FS/MW wild annual edible Brassica oleracea wild cabbage ' x 2' FS edible leaves, flowers, Brassica oleracea (acephala group) tree collards 7 3-9' x 3-5' FS edible leaves, oleracea (botrytis group) Brassica cv. Nine Star' perennial brocc " x 18-36" FS,PS/MW edible florets, leaves, Bunias orientalis Turkish rocket " x 1-2' FS,PS/MW,LW edible leaves (milder cooked) and? Bunium bulbocastanum earth chestnut 5 2' x 2-3' FS/MW edible roots, leaves like parsley seeds like celery seeds Butia capitata pindo palm ' x 10-15' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, nuts Calamintha nepeta calamint savory " x 20-30" FS/MW culinary, tea, Callirhoe involucrata purple poppy-mallow " x 12" FS/PS edible young leaves (mucilaginous), roots Calycanthus floridus Carolina allspice ' x 10' FS,PS,SH/HW,MW dried bark cinnamon substitute, all other parts toxic; Camassia cusickii Cusick s camass " x 1' FS,PS/HW,MW edible bulbs pressure cook at 250 degrees F for nine hours Camassia leichtlinnii wild hyacinth ' x 2' FS,PS/HW,MW edible bulbs pressure cook at 250 degrees F for nine hours Camassia quamash camass " x 8-32" FS/HW,MW edible bulbs pressure cook at 250 degrees F for nine hours Camellia sinensis tea cammelia (8) (8-7) 5-50' x 5-25' PS,SH/MW young terminal shoot with 2-3 leaves as tea Campanula carpatica Carpathian bellflower " x 12-24" FS,PS/MW edible young leaves, flowers Campanula glomerata clustered bellflower " x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible young leaves, flowers Campanula portenschlagiana Dalmatian bellflower " x 20" FS,PS/MW edible young leaves, flowers Canna edulis ' x 20" FS/HW,MW edible tubers, young leaves and stalk Caragana arborescens Siberian pea shrub ' x 12' FS/MW,LW edible beans (cooked); nitrogen fixer Caragana frutex Russian pea shrub ' x 8' FS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Caragana pygmaea pygmy pea shrub ' x 5' FS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Cardamine bulbosa spring cress 4-8 (9-1) 4' x 4' FS,PS/HW,MW edible young leaves, roots, culinary (roots horseradish), Cardamine diphylla toothwort 3-8 (8-1) 8-16" x indefinite PS,SH/HW,MW culinary(rhizome mild horseradish flavor), Cardamine pensylvanica (5-9) (9-5) 24" x 24" FS,PS/HW edible leaves, roots (culinary) Cardamine pratensis cuckoo-flower " x 12" FS,PS/HW,MW edible leaves, Cardamine rotundifolia american watercress (3-7) (7-1) 18" x indefinite PS,SH/HW edible leaves Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge 4-8 (8-1) 10" x 12" FS,PS,SH/MW,LW beneficial insects Carica pentandra babaco papaya ' x 3' FS,PS/MW edible fruit (slice in half add honey and let sit overnight in fridge); good house plant Carya illinoinensis pecan ' x 70' FS/MW edible nuts Carya laciniosa shellbark hickory ' x 30-50' FS/HW,MW edible nuts, Carya ovata shagbark hickory ' x 50' FS,PS/MW,LW edible nuts, Carya x hybrids hican 5 75' x 50' FS/MW edible nuts, Castanea alnifolia trailing chinquapin (7-8) (9-7) 3' x 3' FS/MW,LW edible nuts cooked Castanea dentata American chestnut (4-7) (8-1) ' x 50-75' FS,PS/MW,LW edible nuts Castanea mollissima Chinese chestnut (5-8) ' x 25-35' FS/MW,LW edible nuts Castanea pumila chinquapin ' x 5-8' FS,PS/MW,LW edible nuts, Castanea pumila var. ashei coastal chinquapin coastal coastal 15' x 15' FS,PS/MW,LW edible nuts, Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea ' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW,LW tea,, nitrogen fixer Ceanothus prostratus Mahala mat ' x 10' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Celtis laevigata sugarberry ' x 40' FS/HW,MW edible fruit Celtis occidentalis hackberry ' x 50' FS,PS/HW,MW,LW edible fruit Centranthus ruber red valerian ' x 3' FS,PS/MW edible leaves

4 Cephalotaxus harringtonia plum yew ' x 10-20' FS,PS,SH/MW edible fruit, edible nuts Cercis canadensis redbud x 20-35' FS,PS,SH/MW,LW edible young seed pods, leaf buds, flowers, Cercocarpus montanus mountain mahogany ' x 4-9' FS/LW nitrogen fixer Chaenomeles speciosa flowering quince ' x 15' FS/MW edible fruit, Chamaemelum nobile chamomile " x 18" FS/MW,LW tea, Chasmanthium latifolium northern sea oats ' x 24" FS,PS/MW beneficial insects Chenopodium bonus-henricus good King Henry ' x 12-18" FS,PS/MW edible young shoots and leaves (cooked), seeds, Chimaphila maculata pipsissewa " x indefinite PS/MW,LW Chimaphila umbellata pipsissewa " x indefinite PS/MW,LW Chrysogonum virginianum green and gold " x 18" FS,PS/MW beneficial insects Chrysosplenium americanum golden saxifrage 3-8 (6-1) 2-5" x 2'+ PS,SH/HW,MW edible young leaves spicy Cichorium intybus chicory ' x 1-2' FS,PS/MW edible young leaves, flowers, tea (dried and roasted roots coffee substitute), Cirsium altissimum thistle 5' x 1' FS,PS/MW,LW edible young peeled stems Citrus limon hybrid meyer lemon ' x 5' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, flowers (cooked) Citrus reticulata Satsuma Mandarin ' x 5-10' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, flowers (cooked) Citrus x hybrids several varies varies varies FS,PS/MW edible fruit of diverse quality (see Hardy Citrus for the Southeast) Citrus sinensis sweet orange ' x 10-15' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, flowers (cooked) Claytonia caroliniana Carolina spring beauty " x indefinite PS,SH/MW edible leaves cooked, roots Claytonia megarhiza alpine spring beauty " x 4" FS/MW edible leaves cooked, roots Claytonia virginica spring beauty " x indefinite PS,SH/HW,MW edible leaves cooked, roots Clinopodium glabrellum smooth leaved satureja 6 1-2' x 4' FS,PS/MW Clintonia borealis bluebead lily " x 6-12" PS,SH/MW edible greens, Clitoria mariana butterfly pea (6-8) ' x 2-3' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Colocasia esculenta taro ' x 4-5' FS,PS/HW,MW edible leaves, stems and corms must be cooked at least 45 minutes, ornamental varieties poisonous, Colutea arborescens bladder senna ' x 6-9' FS/MW,LW, nitrogen fixer Commelina erecta virginia dayflower 6-9 (9-6) 18-36" x 18-36" FS,PS/MW edible roots Commelina communis dayflower (7-9) (9-7) 2' x 2' FS,PS/MW,LW edible leaves, flowers, young shoots Comptonia peregrina sweetfern ' x 4-8' FS,PS/LW tea,, nitrogen fixer Conoclinium coelestinum hardy ageratum " x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW beneficial insects Conopodium majus pig nut 6 1' x 1' FS,PS/MW edible roots Coptis trifolia var. groenlandica goldthread " x indefinite PS,SH/HW,MW Coreopsis auriculata dwarf tickseed " x 1' FS,PS/MW beneficial insects Coreopsis rosea pink tickseed ' x indefinite FS/HW,MW,LW beneficial insects Coreopsis verticillata thread-leaved coreopsis " x 3' FS/MW,LW beneficial insects Cornus canadensis bunchberry " x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW edible fruit, Cornus florida flowering dogwood ' x 35' FS,PS,SH/MW Cornus kousa kousa dogwood ' x 20' FS,PS/MW edible fruit; skins inedible Cornus mas cornelian cherry ' x 20' FS/MW edible fruit, Cornus paniculata gray dogwood ' x 6-12' FS,PS/MW,LW beneficial insects Cornus sericea red osier dogwood ' x 6-12' FS/HW,MW beneficial insects Corylus americana American hazel ' x 6-20' FS/MW edible nuts, Corylus avellana European filbert ' x 25' FS/MW edible nuts, Corylus chinensis Chinese tree hazel 7 120' x 75' FS/MW edible nuts, Corylus colurna tree hazel ' x 30' FS/MW edible nuts, Corylus cornuta beaked hazel ' x 6-12' FS/MW edible nuts, Corylus x colurnoides trazel 5 60' x 40' FS/MW edible nuts, Corylus x hybrids filazel, hazelbert ' x 12-15' FS/MW edible nuts, Crambe maritima sea kale ' x 3' FS,PS/MW,LW edible blanched shoots, young leaves,? Medicinal Crataegus aestivalis mayhaw 6-9 (9-7) 27' x 27' FS/HW,MW,LW edible fruit; jelly or raw;

5 Crataegus mollis downy hawthorn ' x 50' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Crataegus pinnatifida Chinese haw 6 21' x 21' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Crataegus punctata dotted hawthorn ' x 20-35' FS/MW,LW edible fruit cooked, Crataegus sp. hawthorn varies varies varies FS/HW,MW,LW edible fruit, Crocus sativus saffron crocus " x 6" FS,PS/MW culinary(flower styles source of saffron), Cryptotaenia canadensis honewort 3-7 (8-3) 1-3' x 1-2' PS,SH/MW edible young leaves and stems cooked, roots cooked Cryptotaenia japonica mitsuba 5 1-3' x 1-2' PS,SH/MW edible young leaves and blanched stems, roots cooked, culinary(leaves like parsley, seeds like celery/dill) Cudrania tricuspidata che fruit ' x 15-25' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Cunila origanoides Maryland dittany 4-9 (8-4) 8-16" x 6-12" PS/MW culinary(mint-like), tea, Cydonia oblonga quince ' x 10-20' FS/MW edible fruit cooked, Cymopterus newberryi corkwing 7 1' x 1' FS/LW edible roots harvest in spring Cymopterus purpurascens gamote 6 1' x 1' FS/LW edible roots Cynara cardunculus cardoon ' x 4' FS,PS/MW edible stem (blanch) Cyperus esulentus yellow nutsedge 2' x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW,LW edible tubers Cyperus rotundus nut grass 2' x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW edible tubers cooked Cytisus decumbens prostrate broom " x 3' + FS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Darmera peltata Indian rhubarb ' x 3-6' FS,PS/HW,MW edible peeled leafstalk raw or cooked Darmera peltata nana dwarf Indian rhubarb " x 12-28" FS,PS/HW,MW edible greens Decaisnea fargesii blue bean ' x 10-15' FS,PS/MW edible goo inside blue pods Dennstaedtia punctilobula hay-scented fern ' x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW ground cover Desmodium canadense showy tick trefoil ' x 1-3' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Desmodium glutinosum pointed-leaved tick trefoil ' x 2-3' FS,PS/MW nitrogen fixer Desmodium sp. beggars lice varies varies varies FS,PS/MW,LW diverse group of low growing nitrogen fixers many common and native to SC Dicentra eximia dwarf bleeding heart " x 12-18" PS/MW ground cover Dioscorea batatas Chinese yam ' x 10' vine FS,PS/MW edible underground and aerial tubers cooked, Dioscorea japonica jinenjo ' x 9' FS,/MW edible young shoots, underground and aerial tubers cooked, Diospyros kaki kaki persimmon ' x 25-40' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, Diospyros virginiana American persimmon ' x 35-50' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, Diplotaxis muralis sylvetta arugula 7 1' x 1' FS/MW,LW edible leave, Diplotaxis tenuifolia sylvetta arugula 7 1' x 1' FS/MW,LW edible leaves, Dryas octopetala mountain avens " x 2' FS,PS/MW,LW tea Dryopteris marginalis marginal wood fern " x 36" PS,SH/MW ground cover Duchesnia indica mock strawberry (6-8) (9-4) 8" x 3' FS,PS,SH/MW edible but tastless fruit, edible leaves cooked Echinacea purpurea purple coneflower ' x 18" FS,PS/MW tea (whole plant but root most potent), Eleagnus angustifolia russian olive ' x 20' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, nitrogen fixer Eleagnus commutata silverberry ' x 6' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, nitrogen fixer Eleagnus multiflora goumi ' x 6-8' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, nitrogen fixer Eleagnus pungens thorny eleagnus ' x 15' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, nitrogen fixer Eleagnus umbellata Autumn olive ' x 15' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, nitrogen fixer Epigaea repens trailing arbutus " x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW edible flower tubes, Epilobium angustifolium fireweed " x 2-6' FS,PS/HW,MW edible young shoots, Epilobium latifolium river beauty ' x 4-6' + FS/HW,MW edible young shoots Equisetum scirpoides dwarf horsetail " x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW Equisetum sylvaticum woodland horsetail " x indefinite PS,SH/HW,MW Erigenia bulbosa pepper and salt " x 4-5" PS,SH/MW edible roots Erigeron pulchellus Robin s plantain " x 12-20" FS,PS/MW beneficial insects Eriobotrya japonica loquat ' x 25' FS,PS,SH/MW edible fruit Eryngium maritimum sea holly coastal beach dune 2' x 2' FS,PS/MW edible young shoots blanched, roots Erythronium americanum trout lily " x 5" PS,SH/MW edible young leaves, bulbs

6 Eucalyptus gunnii cider gum ' x 25' FS,PS/MW,LW tea (sap makes beverage like apple cider raw or fermented), edible gum exuded, Fagus grandifolia American beech ' x 50-75' FS,PS,SH/MW edible nuts (cook if eating in quantity), young leaves, Fagus sylvatica European beech ' x 80' FS,PS,SH/MW edible nuts (cook if eating in quantity), young leaves, Feijoa (Acca) sellowiana Pineapple guava ' x 8' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, flower petals Foeniculum vulgare fennel ' x 1-3' FS/MW,LW edible corm, tea, culinary(anise flavored stems, leaves and seeds), Fortunella spp. and hybrids kumquats, procimequat, limequat ' x 5-8' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, flowers (cooked) Fragaria chiloensis beach strawberry 4-9 6" x indefinite FS/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves) Fragaria moschata musk strawberry 6-12" x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves), Fragaria vesca woodland strawberry " x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves), Fragaria vesca Alpine alpine strawberry " x 10" FS,PS/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves), Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry 4-9 (8-3) 4-12" x indefinite FS, PS/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves), Fragaria x ananassa garden strawberry " x indefinite FS/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves), Fritillaria camschatcensis Kamchatka lily ' x 6" FS,PS/MW edible roots raw or cooked Galax urceolata galax " x indefinite PS,SH/MW ground cover Galium odoratum sweet woodruff " x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW edible leaves, flowers, culinary, tea Gaultheria hispidula creeping snowberry 1-4" x indefinite PS,SH/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves),, tea (leaves and fruit) Gaultheria mucronata chilean wintergreen 6 4' x 3' FS,PS/HW,MW edible fruit; need male and female or hermaphrodite Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen " x indefinite PS,SH/MW,LW edible fruit, Gaultheria shallon salal ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible fruit, Gaylussacia baccata black huckleberry ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible fruit Gaylussacia brachycera box huckleberry (7-8) (8) 6-8" x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible fruit Gaylussacia dumosa dwarf huckleberry (7-8) (9-7) 1-2' x 1-2' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Gaylussacia frondosa dangleberry (6-8) (9-6) 3' x 3' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Genista pilosa silky leaf woodwaxen ' x 3-4' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer, ground cover Genista pilosa procumbens trailing silky leaf woodwaxen 2" x 3' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer, ground cover Genista sagittalis arrow broom " x 2-3' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer, ground cover Genista tinctoria dyer s greenwood ' x 2-3' FS/MW,LW, nitrogen fixer Geranium maculatum wild geranium ' x 2-3' FS,PS/MW Geum rivale water avens ' x 1-2' FS,PS/HW,MW tea (roots make chocolate flavored drink), Geum urbanum clove root 2' x 1-2' FS,PS/HW,MW edible young leaves, culinary(clove/cinnamon flavored roots), tea, Ginkgo biloba maidenhair tree ' x 10-30' FS/MW edible nuts cooked, poisonous fruit surrounding nut (stinky), tea (leaves), Gleditsia triacanthos honey locust ' x 50-75' FS/HW,MW,LW edible young ponds and seeds cooked; mature pods nibbled or ground, Glycyrrhiza glabra licorice ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW culinary(dried powdered roots used as licorice flavor), tea,, nitrogen fixer Glycyrrhiza lepidota American licorice 1-3' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW edible roots cooked, culinary(dried powdered roots used as licorice flavor), tea,, nitrogen fixer Glycyrrhiza uralensis Chinese licorice ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW culinary(dried powdered roots used as licorice flavor), tea,, nitrogen fixer Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern " x indefinite PS,SH/HW ground cover Halesia tetraptera silverbell 20-40' x 15-30' FS,PS,SH/MW edible fruit Hedysarum boreale sweet vetch 10-24" x 20" FS/MW edible roots, nitrogen fixer Helianthus decapetalus thin leaved sunflower ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW nectary Helianthus giganteus giant sunflower (7) (7) 5-12' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,HW edible seeds Helianthus giganteus var. subtuberosum Indian potato 5-12' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,HW edible tubers cooked, edible seeds

7 Helianthus maximilianii Maximilian sunflower ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,HW edible tubers raw or cooked, edible seeds Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible tubers raw or cooked Helianthus x laetiflorus showy sunflower ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW edible tubers Heliopsis helianthoides ox-eye sunflower ' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW nectary Hemerocallis fulva tawny day lily ' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves, shoots cooked; flowers, roots raw or cooked may cause gas Hemerocallis hybrids day lily ' x 2-5' FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves, shoots cooked; flowers, roots raw or cooked may cause gas Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus yellow day lily ' x 3' FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves, shoots cooked; flowers, roots raw or cooked may cause gas Heracleum sphondylium cow parsnip 4-10' x 4-8' FS,PS/MW edible young leaves and leafstalks, roots, culinary(seeds like celery seed) Heuchera americana alum root " x 1' PS/MW Hibiscus syriacus rose of Sharon ' x 6-10' FS,PS/MW edible young leaves and flowers raw or cooked Hieracium venosum rattlesnake weed (6-8) (8-5) 1-3' x 1-2' FS,PS/MW Hippophae rhamnoides sea buckthorn ' x 10-20' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, nitrogen fixer Hippophae rhamnoides sea buckthorn Dorana Dwarf ' x 4' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, nitrogen fixer Hosta longissima " x 20" PS,SH/HW,MW young leaves and leaf stems cooked Houstonia caerulea bluets (6-8) (9-4) 4-6" x 1' FS,PS/MW ground cover Houttuynia cordata hot tuna " x indefinite FS,PS,SH/HW,MW edible leaves,stems, flowers; culinary(young leaves gingerish); Hovenia dulcis Japanese raisin tree ' x 30-45' FS/MW edible fruit; honey-like extract of seed, leaves, and branches; edible swollen twig tips Humulus lupulus hops ' x 15-30' FS/MW edible young leaves and shoots cooked, rhizome; tea (leaves and cones); Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia waterleaf (7) (7-4) 1-3' x 1-2' PS,SH/MW edible greens cooked with one change of water, Hylotelephium telephium orpine 12-18" x 18-24" FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves, Ilex glabra inkberry ' x 10' FS,PS/MW nectary Ilex vomitoria yaupon holly ' x 10-15' FS,PS/MW tea, Illicium floridanum Florida star anise ' x 4-6' FS,PS,SH/HW,MW seed pods and seeds strong anise flavor, Indigofera decora Chinese indigo " x 6-8' FS/MW ground cover Ipomoea leptophylla bush morning glory (6-8) (9-4) 1-4' x 1-4' FS/MW,LW edible roots cooked; may cause stomach upset use with caution, Ipomoea pandurata wild potato vine (6-8) (9-4) 4-6' x 4-6' FS,PS/MW edible roots cooked; may cause stomach upset use with caution, Iris cristata dwarf crested iris " x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW Jeffersonia diphylla twinleaf " x 16" FS,PS,SH/MW Jubaea chilensis chilean wine palm ' x 28' FS/MW edible fruit (candied), sap (raw or cooked), seed Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis heartnut ' x 60' FS/MW edible nuts Juglans cinerea butternut ' x 50-75' FS/MW edible nuts, Juglans nigra black walnut ' x ' FS/MW,LW edible nuts, Juglans regia Carpathian walnut ' x ' FS/MW edible nuts Juglans regia English walnut ' x ' FS/MW edible nuts Juglans x bixbyi buartnut 60' x 60' FS/MW edible nuts Lactuca perennis perennial lettuce 6-? 2' x 1' FS,PS/MW edible young leaves blanched, Laportaea canadensis wood nettle (6-8) (8-4) 1-3' x 1-3' PS,SH/MW edible cooked young greens, stings before cooking, tea, Lathyrus japonicus maritima beach pea 3 1-2' x indefinite FS/MW,LW young seedponds and young shoots raw or cooked, seeds fresh or cooked (small quantity only); nitrogen fixer Lathyrus latifolius everlasting pea ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW seed, young seedpod, young plant all cooked nitrogen fixer

8 Lathyrus linifolius var. montanus bitter vetch ' x 1-2' FS,PS/MW,LW edible roots, seeds cooked (small quantity only), nitrogen fixer Lathyrus tuberosus earth-nut pea 3-4' x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible roots, nitrogen fixer Lespedeza bicolor bush clover ' x 6-9' FS/MW,LW edible young leaves, stems, flowers, seeds all cooked, tea (leaves), nitrogen fixer Lespedeza capitata round headed bush clover 2-4' x 2-4' FS,PS/MW,LW, nitrogen fixer Levisticum officinale lovage 4-8' x 4-8' FS,PS/MW edible young leaves and blanched stems, culinary(leaves, seeds, roots celery flavor), Leycesteria formosa himalayan honeysuckle ' x 6' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Ligusticum canadense Canada ligusticum 3-6' x 3' PS,SH/MW nectary Ligusticum canbyi osha 4' x 3' PS,SH/MW edible young leaves, shoots, stems, roots, culinary(leaves, seeds, roots celery flavor) Ligusticum scoticum Scotch lovage 2' x 2' FS/MW,LW edible blanched stems, roots chewed or candied, Lilium brownii Hong Kong lily 4' x 2' FS,PS/MW edible bulbs cooked; thickener; Lilium canadense Canada lily ' x 3-4' FS,PS/MW edible bulbs cooked and used as thickener, Lilium lancifolium tiger lily ' x 2-4' FS,PS/MW edible bulb cooked Lilium longiflorum white trumpet lily ' x 1' FS,PS/MW edible bulb Lilium philadelphicum wood lily ' x 1-3' FS,PS/MW edible bulbs cooked and used as thickener, Lilium superbum Turk s cap lily ' x 4-8' FS,PS/MW,HW edible bulb cooked and used as thickener Lindera benzoin spicebush ' x 6-12' FS,PS,SH/HW,MW dried powdered fruit allspice flavor (culinary); need male and female for fruit, tea (leaves, twigs, bark), Linnaea borealis twinflower " x indefinite PS/MW Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower ' x 2-3' FS,PS/HW,MW Lomatium cous biscuit root 18-36" x 18-36" FS/MW,LW edible young leaves and stems, edible roots cooked or dried and used as flour Lomatium dissectum fern-leaved biscuit root " x 18-36" FS/MW,LW edible roots cooked or dried and used as flour Lomatium macrocarpum large-fruited biscuit root 18-36" x 18-36" FS/MW,LW edible roots cooked or dried and used as flour Lomatium nudicaule biscuit root 18-36" x 18-36" FS/MW,LW edible stems and leaves, edible roots cooked or dried and used as flour Lonicera caerulea var. edulis edible honeysuckle 5' x 5' PS/MW edible fruit Lonicera kamschatica honeyberry honeysuckle 5' x 5' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Lonicera sempervirens trumpet honeysuckle ' x 4-15' FS,PS/MW nectary Lonicera villosa northern fly honeysuckle 1-3' x 1-3' FS/HW,MW edible fruit Lotus corniculatus Plena prostrate bird sfoot trefoil " x 1-2' FS,PS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Lupinus hybrids hybrid lupine 3-4' x 2-3' FS/MW nitrogen fixer Lupinus perennis lupine ' x 1-2' FS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Lycopodium clavatum running club moss (6-7) (5) 5-12" x indefinite PS/MW,LW Lycopus uniflorus northern bugleweed (7) 6-24" x 6-24" PS/MW,LW edible tubers raw or cooked Maackia amurensis Amur maackia " x 20-35" FS,PS,SH/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Magnolia virginiana sweet bay magnolia ' x 12-25' FS,PS,SH/HW,MW leaves used like bay leaf (culinary) Mahonia aquifolium Oregon grape ' x 3-6' FS,PS,SH/MW edible berry cooked, Mahonia repens creeping mahonia ' x 4-5' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit Maianthemum canadense false lily-of-the-valley 2-4" x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW Malus baccata Siberian crabapple ' x 20-50' FS/MW edible fruit cooked, Malus ioensis prairie crabapple 20-35' x 20-35' FS/MW edible fruit cooked, Malus pumila apple varies varies 25-35' x 25-35' FS/MW edible fruit, Malus pumila dwarf apple varies varies 5-12' x 5-12' FS/MW edible fruit, Malus pumila mini-dwarf apple varies varies 4-6' x 4-6' FS/MW edible fruit,

9 Malus pumila semi-dwarf apple varies varies 12-20' x 12-20' FS/MW edible fruit, Malva alcea mallow ' x 2' FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves, shoots and small pods (mucilaginous); Malva moschata musk mallow ' x 2' FS,PS/MW edible young leaves, shoots and small pods (mucilaginous); Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fern ' x indefinite PS,SH/HW,MW edible young fiddleheads Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber root 8-12" x 6" SH/MW edible roots Medicago sativa alfalfa ' x 1-3' FS/MW tea, edible seeds (sprouted), Melissa officinalis lemon balm " x 2'+ FS,PS/MW culinary(leaves lemon-mint), tea, Mentha aquatica water mint " x 3' FS,PS/aquatic 0-1' culinary(mint), tea, Mentha arvensis American field mint 6-20" x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW culinary(mint), tea, Mentha requienii Corsican mint " x 1' FS,PS/HW,MW culinary(mint), tea, Mentha spicata spearmint " x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW culinary(mint), tea, Mentha suaveolens apple mint " x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW culinary(mint), tea, Mentha x piperita peppermint 1-2' x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW culinary(mint), tea, Mentha x villosa Bowles mint 2' x indefinite FS,PS/MW culinary(mint), tea, Mertensia maritima oyster plant ' x 3' FS/MW edible leaves, roots Mespilus germanica medlar ' x 20' FS/MW edible fruit, soften fully indoors, Mitchella repens partridgeberry " x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW,LW edible berry, tasteless, Mitella diphylla miterwort 6-12" x 8-12" PS,SH/HW,MW nectary Monarda didyma bee balm ' x 2-6' FS,PS/MW edible flowers; culinary(mint), tea, Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot ' x 2-6' FS,PS/MW,LW edible flowers; culinary(mint), tea, Montia perfoliata miner s lettuce 6-12" x indefinite FS/MW,LW edible leaves Montia sibirica Siberian miner s lettuce 8-12" x indefinite FS,PS,SH/HW,MW edible leaves in spring Morus alba white mulberry ' x 40' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit tasteless, Morus nigra black mulberry ' x 50' FS,PS/MW edible fruit tasteless, Morus rubra red mulberry ' x 35-50' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit tasteless, Morus x hybrid Geraldi Dwarf mulberry 8' x 6-8' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit tasteless, Morus x hybrids hybrid mulberry 30-60' x 30-60' FS/MW edible fruit best tasting, Muhlenbergia filipes sweet grass 3' x 3' FS,PS/MW,LW basket making Myrica cerifera wax myrtle ' x 10-30' FS,PS/HW,MW leaves: used like bay leaf (culinary), tea; root bark, ; berries hot water then boiled to float wax Myrica gale sweet gale ' x 2-6' FS/HW,MW leaves used like bay leaf (culinary), tea, Myrica pensylvanica northern bayberry ' x 6-12' FS/HW,MW,LW leaves used like bay leaf (cuinary), Myrrhis odorata sweet cicely ' x 3' FS,PS/MW edible leaves, roots cooked, culinary(leaves and seeds anise flavor), Nasturtium officinale watercress (6-8) (9-1) 6-12" x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW edible leaves, sprouted seeds, culinary(peppery) Oenothera biennis evening primrose 4' x 1' FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves, roots, seeds Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern ' x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW ground cover Opuntia compressa prickly pear cactus (7-12) (12-8) 4-8' x 3' FS/LW edible fruit and pads de-spined, flowers, seeds (roasted); Origanum vulgare hirtum oregano " x 12-36" FS/MW,LW culinary, tea, Osmorhiza claytonii sweet cicely (7-8) (8-5) 1-3' x 1-2' PS,SH/MW culinary(leaves anise flavored), Osmorhiza longistylis anise root (7-8) (8-5) 1-3' x 1-2' PS,SH/MW edible, culinary(anise flavored), roots raw or cooked; edible leaves raw Oxalis grandis great wood-sorrel (7-8) (5-3) 8-36" x indefinite PS,SH/MW edible leaves (small amount), flowers; Oxalis montana wood-sorrel 2-6" x indefinite PS,SH/MW edible leaves (small amount), flowers; Oxalis oregana redwood sorrel " x 2-3' PS,SH/MW edible leaves (small amount), flowers; edible tubers (best cooked); edible leaves (in Oxalis tuberosa oca (7-9) (7-3) 1' x 2' FS/MW small quantities)

10 Oxalis violacea violet wood sorrel (7-8) (9-5) 4-8" x 1-2' PS/MW edible leaves (small amount), flowers; Oxyria digyna mountain sorrel 2-12" x 12" FS,PS/MW edible leaves (small amount), flowers; Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny spurge " x 6-10" PS,SH/MW ground cover Panax quinquefolius American ginseng " x 1' PS,SH/MW tea (roots), Panax trifolius dwarf ginseng (3-9) (9-1) 6" x 6" PS,SH/MW tea (roots), Parthenium integrifolium wild quinine (7-8) (8-4) 1-4' x 1-3' FS,PS/MW,LW Passiflora incarnata maypop (6-8) (9-5) 10-30' x indefinite FS/MW,LW edible fruit pulp; tea (leaves); Passiflora lutea yellow passion flower (6-8) (9-5) 6-8' x 6-8' FS,PS/MW edible fruit pulp (small fruits); Perideridia gairdneri yampa 18-36" x 12-18" FS,PS/MW edible roots, culinary(seeds like caraway) Persea borbonia red bay ' x 40' FS,PS/HW leaves used like bay leaf (culinary) Petasites japonicus fuki ' x indefinite PS/MW edible peeled, cooked leafstalk Petasites japonicus giganteus giant fuki ' x indefinite PS,SH/HW,MW edible peeled, cooked leafstalk Phaseolus polystachios wild bean 1-3' x 1-3' FS,PS/MW,LW edible seeds fresh or dried and cooked Phlox divaricata wild blue phlox " x 18-36" FS,SH/MW nectary Phlox nivalis trailing phlox " x 18" FS,PS/MW,LW nectary Phlox stolonifera creeping phlox " x indefinite PS,SH/MW nectary Phlox subulata moss pink " x 2' FS/MW,LW nectary Phyllostachys bambusoides giant timber bamboo ' x indefinite FS,PS/HW,MW Edible young shoots, construction uses Phyllostachys dulcis sweetshoot bamboo ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW Edible young shoots, construction uses Phyllostachys nuda stone bamboo 20-35' x indefinite FS,PS/MW Edible young shoots, construction uses Phyllostachys viridi-glaucescens blue-green glaucous bamboo ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW Edible young shoots, construction uses Physalis heteropylla ground cherry 1-3' x 1-3' FS/MW edible berries golden when ripe; unripe berries poisonous Phytolacca americana pokeweed ' x 5-9' FS/MW edible young shoots under 8"; use only green shoots, rest of plant poisonous Pimpinella saxifraga burnet-saxifrage 3' x 2' FS,PS/MW,LW edible leaves and shoots Pinus albicaulis whitebark pine 32' x 20' FS/MW tea (young needles); edible nuts Pinus armandii Chinese white pine ' x 30-40' FS/MW tea (young needles); edible nuts Pinus cembra Swiss stone pine ' x 15-25' FS/MW tea (young needles); edible nuts Pinus cembra var. sibirica Siberian stone pine 110' x 50' FS/HW,LW tea (young needles); edible nuts Pinus edulis pinyon pine ' x 35' FS/LW tea (young needles); edible nuts Pinus flexilis limber pine ' x 15-50' FS,PS/MW,LW tea (young needles); edible nuts Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey pine ' x ' FS/MW tea (young needles); edible nuts Pinus koraiensis Korean pine ' x 15-50' FS/MW,LW tea (young needles); edible nuts Pinus pumila Japanese stone pine ' x 1-7' FS/MW tea (young needles); edible nuts Plantago spp. plantain 1-2' x 1' FS,PS/MW edible young leaves (blanching may improve flavor and some species better than others) Platycodon grandiflorus balloon flower ' x 1-3' FS/MW edible roots raw or cooked Podophyllum peltatum mayapple " x indefinite PS,SH/MW edible fruit; poisonous until ripe Polygonatum biflorum Solomon s seal ' x 2' FS,PS,SH/MW,LW edible young shoots, rootstocks cooked, Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum giant Solomon s seal (6-7) (9-5) 3-5' x 4' FS,PS,SH/MW edible young shoots, rootstocks cooked, Polygonum bistorta bistort " x 18-24" FS,PS,SH/MW edible leaves, Polygonum bistortoides western bistort 8-28" x 8-28" FS/HW,MW edible leaves, roots Polygonum viviparum alpine bistort 1' x 1' FS,PS/MW edible leaves, roots Polymnia sonchifolia jacon (8) (8-3) 4' x 3' PS,SH/MW edible tubers (remove bitter skin) Polypodium glycyrrhiza licorice fern " x 2-5' PS,SH/MW edible roots Polypodium virginianum rock polypody " x 5' PS,SH/MW Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern " x 3-4' PS,SH/MW Polytaenia nuttallii prairie parsley 18-36" x 12-18" FS,PS/MW,LW nectary Polytrichum commune common haircap moss 1-2" x indefinite PS,SH/MW ground cover Poncirus trifoliata and hybrids hardy orange, citrandarins etc ' x 15' FS,PS/MW edible fruit some bitter, edible flower(cooked) Pontederia cordata pickerel weed ' x 24-30" FS,PS/submerged Edible seeds, whole plant edible Potentilla anserina silverweed 3-14" x indefinite FS/MW,LW edible roots, tea (leaves)

11 Prosopis glandulosa honeypod mesquite ' x 30' FS/MW,LW edible greens, edible pods nibble or grind for meal nitrogen fixer Prunus alleghaniensis Allegheny plum 12-20' x 12-20' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus americana American plum ' x 20-35' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Prunus americana var. nigra Canada plum 6-20' x 6-20' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum ' x 8-10' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus angustifolia var. watsonii sandhill plum 3-6' x 5-70' FS/MW edible fruit cooked, Prunus armeniaca alpricot ' x 20-30' FS/MW edible fruit, edible nuts, Prunus armeniaca apricot ' x 20-30' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus armeniaca dwarf apricot ' x 4-8' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus armeniaca semi-dwarf apricot ' x 12-15' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus avium dwarf sweet cherry ' x 8-15' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus avium semi-dwarf sweet cherry ' x 18-20' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus avium sweet cherry ' x 35-40' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus cerasifera myrobalan plum ' x 15-20' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus cerasus sour cherry ' x 25' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus cerasus var. frutescens dwarf sour cherry 10' x 12' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus domestica dwarf European plum ' x 10-15' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus domestica European plum ' x 15-20' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus domestica var. institia damson plum 15-25' x 15-25' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus dulcis almond ' x 20-30' FS/MW edible nuts, Prunus dulcis dwarf almond ' x 8' FS/MW edible nuts, Prunus dulcis semi-dwarf almond ' x 8-20' FS/MW edible nuts, Prunus fruticosa Mongolian bush cherry 3' x 3' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus hortulana hog plum 12-30' x 12-30' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Prunus japonica nakai Japanese bush cherry Nakai 8' x 8' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus mandschurica Manchurian apricot 12-15' x 12-15' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus maritima beach plum ' x 8' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus munsoniana wild goose plum 10' x 10' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus persica dwarf peach ' x 2-5' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus persica peach ' x 20-25' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus persica semi-dwarf peach ' x 10-14' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus persica nucipersica dwarf nectarine 2-5' x 2-5' FS/MW edible fruit Prunus persica nucipersica nectarine 15-20' x 20-25' FS/MW edible fruit Prunus persica nucipersica semi-dwarf nectarine 10-14' x 10-14' FS/MW edible fruit Prunus pumila eastern dwarf cherry 3-6' x 3-6' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Prunus pumila var. besseyi sand cherry 3-6' x 3' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Prunus salicina dwarf Japanese plum 8-12' x 10-15' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus salicina Japanese plum 15-18' x 15-20' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus tomentosa nanking cherry ' x 6-8' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Prunus umbellata flatwoods plum ' x 12-20' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit Prunus virginiana chokecherry ' x 20-35' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit, Prunus x gondouinii duke cherry 20' x 25' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus x hybrid Hall s Hardy Almond 10-15' x 10-15' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus x hybrids hybrid plum 10-25' x 10-25' FS/MW edible fruit, Prunus x jacquemontii hybrid dwarf cherry Jan, Joy, Joel 3-4' x 3-4' FS/MW edible fruit, Pseudostellaria jamesiana tuberous chickweed 8-20" x 8-20" PS,SH/MW edible greens, roots, Psoralea esculenta prairie turnip 6-20" x 6-20" FS/MW,LW edible roots, nitrogen fixer Punica granatum pomegranate ' x 5' FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Punica granatum var. nana dwarf pomegranate " x 12-39" FS/MW,LW edible fruit, Pycnanthemum flexuosum hyssop-leaved mountain mint (7-8) (9-7) 1-3' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW tea, Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia mountain mint ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW tea Pyrus bretschneideris Asian pear 25-30' x 25' FS/MW edible fruit Pyrus communis dwarf pear ' x 10-15' FS/MW edible fruit Pyrus communis mini-dwarf pear ' x 4-6' FS/MW edible fruit

12 Pyrus communis pear ' x 25' FS/MW edible fruit Pyrus communis perry pear ' x 15-55' FS/MW fruit used to make cider Pyrus communis semi-dwarf pear ' x 15' FS/MW edible fruit Quercus acutissima sawtooth oak ' x 50' FS/MW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached, Quercus alba white oak ' x ' FS,PS/MW,LW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached, Quercus bicolor swamp white oak ' x 50-75' FS,PS/HW,MW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus fruticosa fruticosa oak 60' x 60' FS/MW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus gambelii Gambel oak ' x 15-25' FS/MW,LW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus ilex var. rotundifolia holly oak ' x 75' FS/MW,LW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus macrocarpa bur oak ' x ' FS/HW,MW,LW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus meuhlenbergii chinkapin oak ' x 35-50' FS/MW,LW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus michauxii swamp chestnut oak (7-8) (9-7) ' x ' FS/HW,MW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus prinoides dwarf chinkapin oak (7) (8-4) 12' x 12-20' FS/MW,LW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus prinus chestnut oak ' ' FS,PS/MW,LW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus x hybrid Compton s oak 60' x 60' FS/MW,LW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Quercus x schuettei Schuette s oak 70' x 70' FS/HW,MW edible nuts ground for meal and tannins leached Rheum australe Himalayan rhubarb ' x 6' FS,PS/MW edible leaf stalk (cooked only), Rheum palmatum turkey rhubarb ' x 6' FS,PS/MW edible leaf stalk (cooked only), Rheum x cultorum rhubarb 3-5' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW edible leaf stalk (cooked only), Rhexia virginica meadow beauty (6-7) (9-5) 1-2' x 1' FS,PS/HW,MW edible young leaves, roots Rhodiola rosea roseroot " x 5-10" FS,PS/MW,LW edible leaves, stems, shoots, tubers cooked Rhododendron pericylmenoides pinxterflower azalea ' x 6-12' FS,PS,SH/HW,MW edible stem galls (fungal growth) Rhus aromatica fragrant sumac ' x 6-10' FS/MW tea (fruit heads in water and place in sun), Rhus aromatica fragrant sumac Gro- Low ' x 8' FS/MW,LW tea(fruit heads in water and place in sun), Rhus copallina winged sumac ' x 20-35' FS/MW,LW tea(fruit heads in water and place in sun), Rhus glabra smooth sumac ' x 20-35' FS/MW,LW tea(fruit heads in water and place in sun), Rhus hirta staghorn sumac 35-50' x 35-50' FS/MW,LW tea(fruit heads in water and place in sun), Ribes americanum American black currant 3-6' x 3-6' FS,PS/HW,MW edible fruit cooked, Ribes aureum golden currant ' x 3-6' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Ribes hirtellum smooth gooseberry 3-5' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Ribes missouriense Missouri gooseberry 3-6' x 3-6' FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit Ribes nigrum black currant 3-5' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW edible fruit cooked, Ribes odoratum clove currant ' x 6-12'+ FS,PS/MW,LW edible fruit Ribes silvestre red currant 3-5' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Ribes triste American red currant 3-5' x 3-5' FS,PS/HW,MW edible fruit Ribes uva-crispa gooseberry ' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, Ribes x culverwellii jostaberry 4-8' x 4-8' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Ribes x hybrids gooseberry hybrids 3-5' x 3-5' FS,PS/MW edible fruit Robinia hispida bristly locust ' x 3-6' FS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Robinia psuedoacacia black locust ' x 35-50' FS/MW,LW edible flowers (cooked in fritters), cooked seed, nitrogen fixer

13 Robinia sp. varies varies varies varies diverse group of nitrogen fixing shrubs and trees Robinia viscosa clammy locust (6-8) (9-5) 6-20' x 6-20' FS/MW,LW nitrogen fixer Rosa caroliniana pasture rose (6-8) (9-5) 3' x 6-12'+ FS/HW,MW,LW edible flower petals, fruit cooked, Rosa palustris marsh rose (6-8) (9-5) 5-7' x 5-7' FS/HW edible flower petals, fruit cooked, Rosa rugosa rugosa rose ' x 4-8' FS/MW,LW edible flower petals, fruit, Rosa setigera prairie rose 6-12' x 12-30' FS/MW,LW edible flower petals, fruit cooked, Rosa villosa apple rose 4' x 4' FS/MW edible flower petals, fruit, Rosmarinus officinalis rosemary ' x 3-4' FS/MW,LW culinary, tea, edible flowers, Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny blackberry (6-8) (9-5) 3-6' x 6-12'+ FS/MW,LW edible fruit, young shoots, tea (leaves), Rubus chamaemorus cloudberry 3-8" x 3-8" FS/HW,MW edible fruit, tea (leaves), Rubus flagellaris prickly dewberry (6-8) (9-5) 1' x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves), Rubus fruticosus blackberry 4-8' x 4-8' FS/MW edible fruit, tea (leaves), Rubus idaeus raspberry (6-7) (6-5) 4-6' x 4-6' FS/MW edible fruit, young shoots, tea (leaves), Rubus idaeus var. strigosus American red raspberry 3-6' x 6-12'+ FS/HW,MW,LW edible fruit, young shoots;tea (leaves); Rubus illecebrosus strawberry-raspberry 1-2' x indefinite FS/MW edible fruit; tea (leaves); Rubus occidentalis black raspberry (6-8) (7-5) 3-6' x 6-12'+ FS/MW,LW edible fruit, young shoots; tea (leaves); Rubus odoratus purple-flowering raspberry ' x 8' FS,PS/MW edible fruit; tea (leaves); Rubus parviflorus thimbleberry 4-6' x 4-6' FS,PS,SH/MW edible fruit, young shoots; tea (leaves); Rubus pentalobus Emerald Carpet raspberry " x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible fruit; tea (leaves) Rubus phoenicolasius wineberry (7-8) (7-5) 4' x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible fruit; aggressive Rubus spectabilis salmonberry ' x 6' FS/MW edible fruit, young shoots, tea (leaves) Rubus tricolor creeping bramble " x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW edible fruit; tea (leaves) Rubus x hybrids boysenberry, et al 4-6' x 4-6' FS/MW edible fruit; tea (leaves) Rubus x hybrids dewberry 4-8' x 4-8' FS,PS/MW edible fruit; tea (leaves) Rubus x stellarcticus all-fieldberry 1' x 2'+ FS/MW edible fruit; tea (leaves) Rumex acetosa French sorrel ' x indefinite FS,PS/MW edible leaves (use sparingly); Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel (6-8) (9-5) 6" x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW edible leaves (use sparingly); Rumex scutatus buckler-leaved sorrel 1' x 1-2' FS/MW,LW edible leaves (use sparingly); Sabal minor dwarf palmetto ' x 6' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, roots (baked), young leaves, leaf bud (cooked), sap Sabal palmetto cabbage palmetto ' x 15-20' FS,PS/MW edible fruit, roots (baked), young leaves, leaf bud (cooked), sap Sagittaria latifolia duck potato " x indefinite FS,PS/submerged edible tubers cooked (remove skin); Salvia officinalis broadleaf sage " x 3' FS/MW,LW culinary, tea, Sambucus canadensis elderberry ' x 12' FS,PS/HW,MW,LW edible fruit, flowers (cooked), tea (flowers) Sanguisorba canadensis American great burnet ' x 3' FS,PS/HW,MW edible young leaves Sanguisorba minor salad burnet " x 12-30" FS,PS/MW edible young leaves Sanguisorba officinalis great burnet ' x 24" FS,PS/MW edible young leaves Sasa kurilensis chishima-zasa bamboo 5-10' x indefinite FS,PS/MW young bamboo shoots cooked Sassafras albidum sassafras ' x 50' FS,PS/MW,LW dried leaves used as thickener; tea (roots); ; use linked to cancer Satureja douglasii yerba buena 2" x 3' FS,PS/MW culinary; tea; Saxifraga stolonifera strawberry saxifrage " x indefinite PS,SH/MW edible leaves cooked Schisandra chinensis magnolia vine ' FS,PS,SH/MW edible fruit, tea (dried fruit), Scorzonera hispanica scorzonera 1-3' x 1-2' FS,PS/MW edible leaves raw Secale cereale rye Varimontra 1-4' x 1-2' FS/MW edible seed cooked (perennial rye) Sedum album white stonecrop 2-5" x indefinite FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves; Sedum rupestre stonecrop " x 24" FS,PS/MW,LW edible young leaves; Sedum ternatum wild stonecrop (6-8) (8-5) 2-6" x indefinite FS,PS,SH/MW edible young leaves; Semiarundinaria fastuosa temple bamboo ' x 6' FS,PS/MW young bamboo shoots Senecio aureus golden groundsel (6-8) (8-5) 1-3' x 18" FS,PS/HW,MW