Landscape Plants for Central Texas Robert Edmonson 18-March-2003

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1 Landscape Plants for Central Texas Robert Edmonson 18-March-2003 Light: FS = full sun (intolerant of shade) PS = part sun/part shade S = shade (intolerant of direct sunlight) Wildlife: B = Butterfly plant (both larval food source and adult nectar source) H = Hummingbird plant (nectar source) W = Wildlife plant (may provide food, cover or nesting materials for deer, small mammals, songbirds or gamebirds) * Plants denoted with an asterisk are reportedly deer resistant. No plant is deer proof! When conditions are dry, deer will eat most any plant. Annuals: Basket Flower Centaurea americana 4-5' FS W showy thistle-like lilac to rose colored flowers on long stems Blue Curls Phacelia congesta 3' FS upright, blue flowers in coiled clusters that uncurl when blooming Blue Flax Linum lewisii 2-3' FS-PS W 1" showy blue flowers, delicate foliage *Brown-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 2' FS B,W 1" yellow petals with dark centers, scratchy leaves Clasping-leaf Coneflower Dracopis amplexicaulis 2-3' FS yellow flowers with drooping petals, leaves clasp around base of stem Drummond Phlox Phlox drummondii 6-18" FS-PS H,B showy 5 petaled 1" flowers in clusters, white to dark red *Eryngo Eryngium leavenworthii 2-3' FS spiny, resembles prickly purple pineapple, great for dried arrangements *Greenthread Thelesperma filifolium 1-2' FS-PS delicate string-like foliage, yellow flowers Huisache Daisy Amblyolepis setigera 6-18" FS upright or sprawling, 1 1/2" yellow flowers with toothed petals *Indian Blanket Gaillardia pulchella 18" FS B bronze-red yellow tipped blooms, aggressive *Indian Paintbrush Castilleja indivisa 1' FS H,B,W red bracts in spikes, bronzy pointed leaves, low germination rate *Mountain Pink Centaurium bayrichii 9" FS dense mound of rose-colored flowers, full sun, dry, well-drained soil Palafoxia Palafoxia callosa 20-30" FS pink to rose-lavender flowers in fall, dry site in full sun Partridge Pea Cassia fasciculata 3' FS B,W yellow flowers in late summer, compound leaves, seed pod with 12 to 15 peas *Plains Coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria 18" FS B sparse branching foliage, yellow flowers, requires additional moisture Plateau Agalinis Agalinis edwardsiana 1-3' FS 3/4" pink flowers, purplish foliage, bushy, dry, full sun *Purple Horsemint Monarda citriodora 18" FS H,B,W purplish flowers on 5" spikes, fragrant, said to repel fleas Standing Cypress Ipomopsis rubra 3-4' FS-PS H,W 1 1/2" red tubular flowers on 1' spikes, biennial, additional water extends bloom

2 Annuals continued: Tahoka Daisy Machaeranthera tanacetifolia 12-18" FS upright or sprawling, aster flower with purple petals and yellow centers *Texas Bluebonnet Lupinus texensis 18" FS B,W palmate leaves, blue flower spikes, state flower of Texas *White Prickly Poppy Argemone albiflora 3' FS 4" white flower, very prickly, upright Cacti & Succulents: *Bear Grass Nolina lindheimeri 2' FS-PS forms large clumps, grows anywhere *Century Plant Agave americana 6' FS very large, dies after flowering, "pups" *Claret Cup Cactus Echinocereus triglochidiatus 8" FS orange/red flowers in March and April, forms large bunches *Grass Palm Dasylirion longissimum 5' FS fountain-like appearance, prefers well-drained soil *Horse Crippler Echinocactus texensis 6" FS-PS heavy-duty spines, spring flowers, red fruit *Lace Cactus Echinocereus caespitosus 10" FS pink flowers in spring sometimes larger than plant, very common *Lechuguilla Agave lechuguilla 2' FS native to west Texas, dies after flowering *Little Chilis Mammillaria heyderi 4" FS small ring of whitish flowers, red fruit resembles cayenne peppers *Lophantha Agave lophantha 3' FS very sharp leaves, "pups", dies after flowering *Ocotilla Fouquieria spledens 15' FS H native to west Texas, red flowers, very well-drained soil *Pineapple Cactus Coryphantha sulcata 6" FS bright yellow flowers, often found in very large clusters *Prickly Pear Opuntia engelmannii 4' FS W flowers usually yellow, very common, many different varieties including spineless *Sacahuista Nolina texana 2' FS-PS forms large clumps, long thin round leaves, creamy flower clusters in spring *Small Century Plant Agave havardiana 2' FS smaller version of A. americana, only gets to 2' tall, dies after flowering *Sotol Dasylirion texanum 5' FS spiny-edged leaves, up to 10' spike-like bloom *Spanish Dagger Yucca treculeana 10' FS H,B,W largest central Texas yucca, needs lots of room *Strawberry Cactus Echinocereus enneacanthus 10" FS large red flowers in spring, forms large clumps *Tasajillo Opuntia leptocaulis 3' FS W upright, bushy, red fruits, will spread and can become a nuisance *Tree Cholla Opuntia imbricata 10' FS tall, jointed, rose-colored flowers *Yucca, Buckley Yucca constricta 4' FS H,B,W small with hairy leaves, white spring flowers on a stalk *Yucca, Pale Yucca pallida 2' FS H,B,W small with bluish leaves, native to north-central Texas *Yucca, Red Hesperaloe parviflora 3' FS H,W small plant with tall pinkish-red flower spikes, "pups", flowers not deer resistant *Yucca, Thompson Yucca thompsoniana 8' FS H,B,W large bluish leaves, multiple flower heads, large-needs room to grow *Yucca, Twist-leaf Yucca rupicola 3' FS H,B,W dark green leaves tend to twist, white flowers on spike, deer love the flowers *Yellow Stonecrop Sedum nuttallianum 6" low-growing groundcover, yellow flowers, grows well between rocks

3 Ferns: *Maidenhair Fern Adiantum capillus-veneris 1' PS semi-evergreen, delicate pale green foliage on dark wiry stems *Scouring Rush Equisetum hymenale 3-4' PS stiff slender green stems with jointed-like appearance, invasive *Southern Shield Fern Thelypteris kunthii 2-3' PS W typical wood fern, prefers low-lying moist areas, mass plant for wildlife cover *Water Clover Marsilea macropoda 6-8" FS hairy four-leaf clover-like appearance, naturally found submerged in ponds *Wavy Cloakfern Astrolepis sinuata 8-12" FS-PS evergreen, bluish-green pinnate fronds, prefers well-drained soils Grasses: *Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii 2-8' FS B,W tall prairie grass, "turkeyfoot" seedhead, rhizomatous, prefers prairie lowlands *Buffalograss Buchloe dactyloides 4-7" FS B,W drought tolerant short grass, spreads by rhizomes and seeds *Common Bermuda Cynodon dactylon 6-12" FS prevelant full-sun lawn grass, several varieties available *Eastern Gamagrass Tripsacum dactyloides 4-9' FS-PS B,W tall prairie grass, unusual seedhead, prefers fertile well-drained soils *Hairy Grama Bouteloua hirsuta 6"-2' FS mid-sized prairie bunchgrass, great for shallow rocky sites *Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans 2-4' FS B,W tall prairie grass, showy seedhead, drought tolerant *Inland Seaoats Chasmanthium latifolium 1-2' PS B,W cool season grass, flattened seedhead, needs additional moisture and partial shade *Lindheimer's Muhly Muhlenbergia lindheimeri 2-5' FS W forms stiff dense clump, decorative specimen grass *Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium 2-4' FS B,W tall prairie grass, rust colored in winter, fluffy white seedheads *Seep Muhly Muhlenbergia reverchonii 16" FS-PS bunchgrass with pinkish haze-like seedhead, prefers moist sites *Sideoats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula 1-3' FS-PS mid-sized prairie bunchgrass, state grass of Texas, unusual seedhead *Switchgrass Panicum virgatum 3-6' FS W tall bunchgrass, delicate seedheads, prefers low-lying moist sites Groundcovers: *Balsam Gourd Ibervillea lindheimeri 6-10' FS 3 to 5 lobed leaves, yellow tubular flowers, red "gourd" in fall *Horse Herb/Straggler Daisy Calyptocarpus vialis 1-4" FS-PS-S small yellow flowers, spreading, tolerates all conditions *Snake Herb Dyschoriste linearis 4-18" FS bluish-purple to lavender flowers, prefers full sun on dry sites *Texas Frogfruit Phyla incisa 6-12" FS B small white flower clusters, will grow anywhere, invasive Tube Tongue Siphonoglossa pilosella 2-5" FS white to rose-pink flowers, colonizes a variety of habitats

4 Perennials: American Beautyberry Callicarpa americana 5' S W magenta berry clusters on stems, prefers additional moisture *Autumn Sage Salvia greggii 2' FS H,B,W shrubby plant, responds well to pruning, aromatic, many varieties available *Beebalm Monarda fistulosa 3-4' FS-PS H,B,W upright, rose-purple to lavender aromatic flowers in mid-summer *Big Red Sage Salvia penstemonoides 2-4' FS H,B 1' tall red flower spikes, smooth leaves, aromatic, needs space *Blackfoot Daisy Melampodium leucanthum 8-12" FS B,W low, bushy, mounded, white daisy-like flowers, well-drained soil *Blue Mistflower Eupatorium coelestinum 2-3' PS B sprawling, leafy, lavander flowers, needs additional moisture and part shade Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium ensigerum 9" FS-PS 1" blue flowers, foliage iris-like, dormant summer-fall Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa 3' FS-PS H,B,W upright, clump-forming, small red-orange flowers *Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis 18" PS H,B,W sturdy main stem, branched, 1 1/2" red flowers, additional moisture and part shade Carolina Anemone Anemone caroliniana 1' FS upright, unbranched, 1 1/2" white to blue flowers *Cedar Sage Salvia roemeriana 2' S H,B,W 1 1/2 " red tubular flowers in spikes, scalloped fuzzy leaves, well-drained soil Cigar Plant Cuphea ignea 2' FS-PS H,B bushy shrub with small orange tubular flowers *Copper Canyon Daisy Tagetes lemmonii 3' FS-PS fast growing aromatic shrub with 1" yellow-gold daisy-like flowers in spring and fall *Cut-leaf Penstemon Penstemon baccharifolius 1-2' FS H,B,W toothed leaves, spikes of 1 1/2" red flowers, dry rocky soil *Damianita Chrysactinia mexicana 1-2' FS small shrub, abundant fragrant yellow flowers, heat and drought tolerant Drummond Rain Lily Cooperia drummondii 1' PS white lily-like flowers on long stems that bloom after rains from May to September Engelmann Daisy Engelmannia pinnatifida 2-3' FS 1" yellow flowers, toothed leaves, aggressive *Engelmann Sage Salvia engelmannii 1' FS H,B tufted mound with baby blue flowers spikes in late spring Erect Dayflower Commelina erecta 2' FS-PS upright, slender, 2 blue petals on flowers *Fall Aster Aster oblongifolius 2-3' FS-PS B small shrub, 1 1/2" purple flowers in fall False Dragonhead Physostegia digitalis 2-4' FS-PS numerous pale pink flowers on dense spikes, prefers moist sites, aggressive Flaxleaf Bouchea Bouchea linifolia 18" FS thin linear foliage, blue/purple flowers, well-drained soil *Foxglove Penstemon cobaea 18" FS H,B,W 1 1/2 " lavender/white bell-shaped flowers on sturdy spikes, durable *Fragrant Gaillardia Gaillardia suavis 2' FS B,W slender stem supporting very fragrant bloom, rarely has petals Gaura Gaura lindheimeri 2-5' FS white flowers, four petals in one row on upper side, tolerates poor drainage *Gayfeather Liatris mucronata 18" FS H,B,W brushy lavender flower spikes in fall, prefers dry rocky slopes *Gayfeather Liatris pycnostachya 18" FS H,B,W tall spikes of dense violet-lavender to rosy-purple flower heads in late summer Giant Blue Sage Salvia azurea 2-3' FS-PS-S H,B long willowy spikes of 1" blue flowers, shade tolerant *Giant Rain Lily Cooperia pedunculata 16" PS white lily-like flower with pink tinged edges after rains from April to September *Goldenrod Solidago canadensis 3-7' FS B,W upright with large flowerhead of yellow/gold flowers in fall, not particular to site *Hinckley Columbine Aquilegia hinckleyana 2' PS H,B scalloped leaves, large yellow flowers, evergreen, prefers additional moisture *Indigo Spires Salvia longispicata X farinacea 3-5' FS-PS H,B tall and sprawling with 2' long spikes of dark purplish-blue flowers Ironweed Vernonia baldwinii 3-5' FS B upright, coarse, purple flowers in terminal clusters in late summer Lanceleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata 1-2' FS-PS B neat clumps, 2" yellow flowers, additional moisture

5 Perennials continued: Lindheimer's Senna Cassia lindheimeriana 2' FS B compound leaves, 1" yellow flowers, spreading, self-sows *Maximillian Sunflower Helianthus maximiliani 3-6' FS B,W 2" yellow flowers on unbranched stems, aggressive *Mealy Blue Sage Salvia farinacea 1-2' FS-PS-S H,B,W blue flowers on spikes, spreading clumps, shade and drought tolerant *Mexican Bush Sage Salvia leucantha 2-3' FS H,B showy spikes of purple and white flowers, silver-grey foliage, drought tolerant *Mexican Hat Ratibida columnaris 18-24" FS B,W upright, flowers red tipped with yellow or all yellow, drooping petals, invasive Mexican Petunia Ruellia brittoniana 3' FS-PS-S H,B erect, purple or pink flowers, shade tolerant, can be invasive *Missouri Primrose Oenothera macrocarpa 1' FS small plant, large yellow flowers that close during heat of day *Mountain Vervain Verbena elegans 8-10" FS-PS H,W trailing, deep pink to lavender flowers, lacy foliage Obedient Plant Physostegia pulchella 2-4' FS-PS rose to lavender colored flowers on tall spikes, additional moisture required *Orange Zexmenia Wedelia hispida 2' FS bushy clumps, rough leaves, orange flowers, drought and heat tolerant Pigeonberry Rivina humilis 1-2' S W leafy half-shrub, 2" pink or white flowers on spike, tiny red bead-like fruits *Pink Evening Primrose Oenothera speciosa 1-2' FS trailing, numerous large pink flowers, aggressive *Prairie Larkspur Delphinium carolinianum 1-2' FS-PS H,W tall, single-stalked, pale blue spurred flowers clustered on erect spike in late spring Prairie Spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis 1-2' FS-PS grass-like foliage, blue or purple 3 petaled flowers, prefers additional moisture *Prairie Verbena Verbena bipinnatifida 1' FS H,W trailing, clusters of 1/4" purple flowers, evergreen *Purple Coneflower Echinacea angustifolia 2' FS-PS B,W 3" purplish-pink flowers with drooping petals around spiny center *Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea 2' FS-PS B,W forms large clumps, 3" pinkish-purplish flowers with drooping petals Rock Rose Pavonia lasiopetala 1-3' PS B,W neat small shrub, 1/4" pink flowers, needs additional moisture *Scarlet Penstemon Penstemon triflorus 1-2' FS H,B,W 1 1/2" trumpet-shaped flowers on sturdy spikes, extra water prolongs bloom *Scarlet Sage Salvia coccinea 1-2' PS H,B red tubular flowers in slender spikes, leafy stems, additional moisture *Skullcap Scutellaria drummondii 8-12" FS-PS low-growing, square-stemmed, two-lipped flower, great border plant Slender-stem Bitterweed Hymenoxys scaposa 16" FS low-growing, 2" yellow ray flower, dry sunny site Square-bud Primrose Calylophus drummondianus 1-2' FS neat shrub with 1-2" yellow flowers, evergreen Standing Winecup Callirhoe digitata 1-2' FS-PS W sprawling, magenta flowers, drought tolerant, well-drained soil Texas Betony Stachys coccinea 1' FS H red tubular flowers, evergreen, well-drained soil Texas Bluebells Eustoma grandiflorum 18" FS 3" blue flowers, smooth pale leaves, moist with good drainage Texas Greeneyes Berlandiera texana 2-3' FS 2" yellow flowers with green centers, well-drained soil *Texas Lantana Lantana horrida 2-3' FS H,B,W coarse leafy shrub, orange/yellow/purple flowers, trim back in winter Texas Star Hibiscus Hibiscus coccineus 4-8' FS-PS H herbaceous shrub, large 5 petaled crimson flowers, palmately compound leaves *Thoroughwort Eupatorium havanense 2-3' PS-S shrubby, erect, white flowers, well-drained soil *Turk's Cap Malvaviscus arboreus 3-5' PS-S H,B,W red bishop hat-shaped flowers, tall, red edible fruit, best in shade and deep soil Two-leaf Senna Cassia roemeriana 1-2' FS-PS B upright, yellow flowers throughout summer, two split leaves *Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis 1-2' PS H,B spurred red/yellow flowers, parsley-like foliage, virtually evergreen Winecup Callirhoe involucrata 2-3' FS W more sprawling than C. digitata, sunny well-drained site

6 Perennials continued: Woolly Ironweed Vernonia lindheimeri 3-5' FS B upright, purple flowers, thin linear foliage, densely hairy, drought tolerant *Yarrow Achillea millefolium 18-36" FS-PS B upright, small white flowers in dense clusters, fern-like foliage Shrubs: *Abelia, Glossy Abelia grandiflora 6-10' FS-PS B large mounded evergreen shrub, pinkish-white fragrant flowers in summer *Agarita Berberis trifoliolata 6' FS B,W spiny leaves, fragrant yellow flowers, edible red berries, evergreen Althea Hibiscus syriacus 10-15' FS-PS H ornamental shrub, 4" showy flowers, color depends on variety American Smoketree Cotinus obovatus 5' FS outstanding fall color, feathery pinkish blooms on females Anacacho Orchid Tree Bauhinia congesta 12' FS-PS showy white spring flowers, may freeze back in winter Bird of Paradise Caesalpinia gilliesii 4-6' FS-PS H,B unusual showy yellow flowers with long red stamens, airy foliage, drought tolerant *Brasil Condalia hookeri 30' FS W usually multi-trunked, edible fruit, evergreen *Buckeye, Mexican Ungnadia speciosa 15' FS-PS B,W early spring pink flowers, unusual fruit capsule, ornamental specimen *Buckeye, Red Aesculus pavia 5' PS-S H,B,W showy red flowers in spring, defoliates in heat of summer *Buckeye, Texas Aesculus arguta 15' PS-S B palmately compound leaf with 7-11 leaflets, understory shrub, yellow flowers *Buckeye, Yellow Aesculus pavia v. flavescens 5' PS-S B like red buckeye with yellow flowers Buckthorn, Carolina Rhamnus caroliniana 25' FS-PS-S W lustrous leaves, black fruit clusters, preferred deer browse *Butterfly Bush Buddlea spp. 3-5' FS-PS H,B medium to large shrub, over 100 species and cultivars available, butterfly magnet *Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 6' FS B ball-like white flower clusters, moist sites, fruits eaten by variety of birds *Cenizo Leucophyllum frutescens 8' FS B,W silvery leaves, purple flowers, desert "barometer plant" foretells rain *Chaste Tree Vitex agnus-castus 20' FS-PS H,B large shrub with aromatic palmately compound foliage and purple flower clusters *Crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia indica 6-25' FS small shrub to medium tree, smooth bark, showy flower clusters, many varieties *Dalea, Black Dalea frutescens 2' FS B,W low-lying shrub with purple flowers, does well on poor soil, airy foliage *Dalea, Feather Dalea formosa 3' FS B,W low mounding shrub with tiny compound leaves and small bright violet flowers *Dogwood, Roughleaf Cornus drummondii 20' FS-PS W thicket forming shrub, rough hairy leaves, tolerates poor drainage Elbowbush Forestiera pubescens 15' FS-PS B,W 90 degree branching habit, opposite leaves, blue-black summer fruits on females *Fig Ficus carica 10-15' FS-PS large shrub, distinctly lobed leaves, edible fruit, several varieties Firebush Hamelia patens 6-10' FS-PS H showy terminal clusters of bright orange to scarlet tubular flowers, evergreen *Flame Acanthus Anisacanthus quadrifidus 4' FS-PS-S H,B,W orange-red tubular flowers, multi-stemmed, prefers well-drained soil *Holly, Possumhaw Ilex decidua 8' PS W deciduous, red berries persist through winter on female plants, attractive ornamantal *Holly, Yaupon Ilex vomitoria 25' PS B,W evergreen, red berries on females, fruits poisonous to humans Kidneywood Eysenhardtia texana 12' FS-PS B,W fragrant white flower spikes, multi-stemmed, drought tolerant *Mimosa, Fragrant Mimosa borealis 3-4' FS B,W pink fragrant globular blooms, "catclaw" thorns, lacy foliage

7 Shrubs continued: *Palmetto, Dwarf Sabal minor 5' PS low growing palm, rarely has trunk, needs rich moist soil, not drought tolerant *Persimmon, Texas Diospyros texana 10' FS-PS B,W smooth grey bark, black edible fruit on females *Pistache, Texas Pistacia texana 30' FS-PS W multi-stemmed, evergreen, drought hardy *Plum, Creek Prunus rivularis 6' FS-PS W fragrant white spring flowers, edible fruit, thicket-forming, erosion control on banks *Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis 2-4' FS-PS B glossy aromatic needle-like leaves, evergreen, white to blue flowers in late winter *Silktassel, Mexican Garrya ovata 15' FS leathery evergreen leaves, purplish fruits into winter, mass plant for hedge Spicebush Lindera benzoin 15' PS-S mult-stemmed, aromatic leaves, red fruits, great for shady spots *Sumac, Evergreen Rhus virens 6' FS B,W shiny leaves, cream fall flowers, red berry clusters that persist into winter *Sumac, Fragrant Rhus aromatica 8' FS-PS B,W aromatic, red fall color, fruits eaten by many birds, smallest local sumac *Texas Mountain Laurel Sophora secundiflora 12' FS B,W evergreen, showy fragrant purple flowers, thrives in full sun and poor soil *Toothache Tree Zanthoxylum hirsutum 15' FS B,W prickly leaves and stems, chewing leaves has numbing effect Wafer Ash Ptelea trifoliata 20' PS-S B,W multi-trunked, fragrant inconspicuous flowers, unusual seed pod Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana 20' PS W usually multi-stemmed, unusual yellow flowers in late fall *Yellow Bells Tacoma stans 6' FS B large yellow bell-shaped flowers, will die back in cold winter, drought tolerant Trees: *Acacia, Gregg Acacia greggii 25' FS B,W cream cylindrical spike blooms, "catclaw" thorns, twisted seed pod, bee tree *Acacia, Roemer's Acacia roemeriana 20' FS B,W cream globular blooms, "catclaw" thorns, flattened seed pod, bee tree *Acacia, Wright Acacia wrightii 30' FS B,W cream cylindrical spike blooms, "catclaw" thorns, flattened seed pod, bee tree *Anaqua Ehretia anacua 50' FS-PS B,W medium-sized tree, white flower clusters in spring, rough leaves, orange fruit *Ash, Texas Fraxinus texensis 30' FS B native ash resistant to insects and disease, fall color, attractive small shade tree Basswood, Carolina Tilia caroliniana 75' FS large bottomland tree, white flower clusters in late spring Bumelia, Gum Bumelia lanuginosa 40' FS B,W branches sometimes thorn-tipped, fruits utilized by birds and small mammals *Cedar, Deodar Cedrus deodara 75' FS large conifer with drooping branches, barrel-shaped cones, evergreen Cherry, Escarpment Black Prunus serotina v. eximia 60' FS-PS B,W white spring flowers, edible fruit, excellent fall color, attractive bark Cottonwood, Eastern Populus deltoides 100' FS B fast growing large tree, additional moisture required, select "cottonless" varieties Crabapple, Blanco Pyrus ioensis v. texensis 15' FS-PS pinkish-white spring blooms, very tart fruit, may root sprout, preferred deer browse *Cypress, Arizona Cupressus arizonica 50' FS W fast growing but short-lived conifer with bluish-green foliage, evergreen *Cypress, Bald Taxodium distichum 100' FS very large tree, deciduous conifer, tolerates poorly drained soils *Cypress, Montezuma Taxodium mucronatum 45' FS more open-crowned than T. distichum, semi-evergreen Elm, American Ulmus americana 80' FS B,W fountain-shaped tree with buttressed trunk, well-drained soils Elm, Cedar Ulmus crassifolia 50' FS B,W dependable shade tree for most situations

8 Trees continued: Elm, Slippery Ulmus rubra 75' FS-PS B,W differs from U. americana by having a shiny, thick white inner bark Eve's Necklace Sophora affinis 20' FS-PS W pink flower clusters, bead-like seed pods, unusual ornamental *Goldenball Leadtree Leucaena retusa 20' FS B,W bright yellow globular blooms, delicate foliage, may bloom spring through fall Hackberry, Lindheimer Celtis lindheimeri 40' FS B,W soft hairs on leaf undersurface, endemic to central and south Texas Hickory, Black Carya texana 80' FS prefers sandy upland sites, often associated with Blackjack and Post oak *Huisache Acacia farnesiana 30' FS B,W yellow-gold fragrant globular blooms in late spring, multi-trunked, thorns, bee tree *Juniper, Ashe Juniperus ashei 25' FS-PS B,W "cedar", evergreen, wildlife cover/shelter, visual screen Madrone, Texas Arbutus xalapensis 30' FS-PS W leathery evergreen leaves, white lantern-like blooms, peeling bark, red fruits Maple, Bigtooth Acer grandidentatum 45' FS-PS excellent fall color, only maple recommended for central Texas *Mesquite, Honey Prosopis glandulosa 40' FS B,W open-crowned, thorns, long bean pods, can become invasive Mulberry, Littleleaf Morus microphylla 25' FS-PS B,W dwarf version of M. rubra, leaves rough on both upper and lower surfaces Mulberry, Red Morus rubra 50' FS-PS B bottomland species, edible fruits on female trees, birds relish fruits *Oak, Bigelow Quercus sinuata v. breviloba 20' FS W usually multi-stemmed, attractive flaky bark, ornamental Oak, Blackjack Quercus marilandica 50' FS W rough almost black bark, prefers sandy or gravelly upland sites Oak, Bur Quercus macrocarpa 80' FS B,W large stately tree, very large acorns, prefers deep well-drained soils Oak, Chinkapin Quercus muhlenbergii 50' FS B,W toothed leaves, outstanding shade and wildlife tree, acorns relished by animals Oak, Durand Quercus durandii 50' FS W relatively uncommon bottomland tree, larger than Q. sinuata v. breviloba Oak, Lacey Quercus laceyi 45' FS W attractive blue-green foliage, only found in central Texas *Oak, Live Quercus virginiana 50' FS B,W semi-evergreen, excellent shade tree, oak wilt is a concern Oak, Mexican White Quercus polymorpha 60' FS W semi-evergreen, leathery leaves, sold as "Monterrey Oak" Oak, Mohr Quercus mohriana 20' FS W small tree of western central Texas, dark green shiny leaves *Oak, Plateau Live Quercus fusiformis 50' FS B,W predominant Hill Country oak, semi-evergreen, may root sprout, oak wilt is a concern Oak, Post Quercus stellata 60' FS B,W stout medium-sized tree of drier uplands Oak, Shumard Quercus shumardii 100' FS W large red oak, fall color, needs additional moisture in western extent of range Oak, Spanish Quercus buckleyi 40' FS W predominate native red oak, attractive fall color, oak wilt is a concern *Oak, Vasey Quercus pungens v. vaseyana 25' FS W semi-evergreen, silvery scaled bark, small specimen oak Osage Orange Maclura pomifera 40' FS W irregular crown, stout thorns, large inedible fruit, hard durable wood *Palm, California Fan Washingtonia filifera 35' FS medium-sized palm often with a skirt of dead leaves shielding the trunk *Palm, Mediterranean Fan Chaemerops humilis 15' FS multi-trunked low growing fan palm *Palm, Sabal Sabal mexicana 50' FS-PS only native tree-sized palm in Texas *Palm, Windmill Trachycarpus fortunei 20' FS medium-sized palm that is incredibly resistant to cold Pear, Bradford Pyrus calleryana 25' FS upright and conical, large showy white flowers cover tree in early spring Pear, Common Pyrus communis 25' FS W upright and conical, showy white flowers in early spring, edible fruit Pecan Carya illinoensis 100' FS B,W very large tree, edible nuts, state tree of Texas

9 Trees continued: Persimmon, Common Diospyros virginiana 40' FS inhabits variety of sites, edible fruits on female trees-must be ripe! *Pine, Afghan Pinus eldarica 40' FS symmetrical two-needle pine, must have well-drained soil *Pine, Aleppo Pinus halepensis 50' FS desert pine, short needles, 2 per bundle, massive lateral branches *Pine, Italian Stone Pinus pinea 60' FS asymmetrical and flat to round topped, 2 needles per bundle *Pine, Papershell Pinyon Pinus remota 60' FS W 2 needles per bundle, edible "pine nuts" Pistache, Chinese Pistacia chinensis 40' FS excellent fall color, fast-growing, use male trees, becoming invasive? Plum, Mexican Prunus mexicana 20' FS-PS B,W white flowers in early spring, edible fruit, attractive bark, attractive ornamental *Redbud, Mexican Cercis canadensis v. mexicana 20' FS-PS B,W early spring pink blooms, hairy twigs and leaf stalks, good understory tree *Redbud, Texas Cercis canadensis v. texensis 20' FS-PS B,W pink blooms in early spring, shiny leathery leaves with smooth twigs and stalks *Retama Parkinsonia aculeata 35' FS B,W orange flower clusters, thorny, green bark, unusual leaves, aka Jerusalem Thorn Snowbell, Sycamoreleaf Styrax platanifolia 12' PS white flowers in spring, uncommon creek-side shrub Snowbell, Texas Styrax texana 20' PS endangered plant found only in central Texas Soapberry, Western Sapindus drummondii 30' FS W yellow fall color, amber fruit clusters, scaly bark, tolerant of poor sites Sugarberry Celtis laevigata 50' FS B,W most common "hackberry" in central Texas, outstanding wildlife tree *Sumac, Flameleaf Rhus lanceolata 20' FS W open-crowned, brilliant fall color, may root sprout *Sycamore, Mexican Platanus mexicana 100' FS very large tree, peeling mottled bark, spiny ball-shaped seed capsule *Sycamore, Smooth Platanus occidentalis v. glabrata 100' FS leaves not as toothed as P. mexicana, needs additional moisture Viburnum, Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum rufidulum 15' FS-PS B,W fragrant white flower clusters, edible blue-black fruit, unusual bark, fall color Walnut, Arizona Juglans major 45' FS B,W larger of the walnuts, excellent wildlife tree Walnut, Texas Juglans microcarpa 30' FS B,W much smaller than J. major, nuts less than 1" in diameter Willow, Black Salix nigra 50' FS H fast growing tree for wet areas, most widespread willow in the state *Willow, Desert Chilopsis linearis 30' FS H white to dark pink tubular flowers, drought tolerant, outstanding ornamental Willow, Peachleaf Salix amygdaloides 40' FS small tree, light green leaves with pale undersides Vines: Alamo Vine Merremia dissecta 10' FS-PS palmately lobed leaves, white flowers with purple centers *Carolina Jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens 20' FS-PS funnel-shaped fragrant yellow flowers, opposite leaves Carolina Snailseed Cocculus carolinus 10' FS-PS W lobed leaves, greenish flowers, showy red berries *Cross Vine Bignonia capreolata 70' FS-PS H showy trumpet-shaped red flowers with yellow centers, prefers additional moisture Cypress Vine Ipomoea quamoclit 10' FS-PS H scarlet red 1 1/2" long tubular flowers, feathery foliage, prefers additional water Honeysuckle, Coral Lonicera sempervirens 16' FS-PS H,B,W tubular coral-colored flowers, evergreen Honeysuckle, Texas Lonicera albiflora 3-6' FS-PS H,B,W funnel-shaped yellowish white flowers, red berries in fall

10 Vines continued: *Leatherflower, Purple Clematis pitcheri 6-10' FS-PS W urn-like purple flowers, unusual *Leatherflower, Scarlet Clematis texensis 6-10' FS-PS W urn-shaped red flowers, attractive vine, endemic to central Texas Lindheimer's Morning Glory Ipomoea lindheimeri 6' FS-PS H lobed leaves, trumpet-shaped lavender fragrant flowers *Old Man's Beard Clematis drummondii 30-40' FS-PS W compound leaves, small yellow-green flowers, seed pods have feathery plumes Passionflower, Maypop Passiflora incarnata 25' FS B deeply-lobed leaves, complex purple flowers, edible fruit Passionflower, Yellow Passiflora lutea 1-4' PS-S B broad three-lobed leaves, clustered yellow-green flowers, prefers shade Peppervine Ampelopsis arborea 40' FS-PS small green flowers, tolerates dry conditions, vigorous grower Queen's Wreath Antigonon leptopus 20-40' FS-PS pedulous pink or white flowers, prefers well-drained soil Snapdragon Vine Maurandya antirrhiniflora 1-4' FS-PS B arrow-shaped leaves, lobed purple flowers Trumpet Creeper Campsis radicans 30-50' FS-PS H,W reddish orange trumpet-shaped flowers, rampant grower Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia 30-50' FS-PS W palmately compound leaves, colorful fall foliage