LUCAS 2018 (Land Use / Cover Area Frame Survey) Technical reference document C5 Plant Identification Guide

Transcription

1 Regional statistics and Geographic Information Author: E4.LUCAS (ESTAT) TechnicalDocuments 2018 LUCAS 2018 (Land Use / Cover Area Frame Survey) Technical reference document C5 Plant Identification Guide

2 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 2 Table of Contents Scope and Introduction... 5 B11 Common wheat 6 B12 Durum wheat 6 B13 Barley 8 B14 Rye 8 B15 Oats 9 B16 Maize 11 B17 Rice 12 B18 Triticale 12 B19 Other Cereals Buckwheat 13 B21 Potatoes 16 B22 Sugar Beet 16 B23 Other Root Crops 17 B31 Sunflower 19 B32 Rape and turnip rape 20 B33 Soya 21 B34 Cotton 23 B35 Other fibre and oleaginous crops 24 B36 Tobacco 26 B37 Other Non-permanent industrial crops 26 B41 Dry pulses 27 B42 Tomatoes 31 B43 Other fresh vegetables 31 B44 Floriculture and ornamental plants 37 B45 Strawberries 38 B52 Lucerne 40 B53 Other Leguminous and mixtures for fodder 40 B54 Mix of cereals 41 B55 Temporary grassland 42 B71 Apple fruit 43 B72 Pear fruit 45 B73 Cherry fruit 46 B74 Nuts-trees 47 B75 Other fruit tree and berries 47 B76 Oranges 48 B77 Other citrus fruits 50 B81 Olive groves 51 B82 Vineyards 52 B83 Nurseries 53

3 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 3 B84 Permanent industrial crops 53 B84 Permanent industrial crops (cont.) 54 Sources 56

4 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 4 DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD ISSUE DATE CHANGE AUTHORITY / AUTHOR V /05/08 Eurostat / E4.LUCAS V /05/03 Eurostat / E4.LUCAS REASON FOR CHANGE AND AFFECTED SECTIONS Formatting. Introduction for LUCAS 2018 V /02/20 Eurostat / E4.LUCAS Fine tuning

5 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 5 Scope and Introduction This document is part of a series of reference documents defining the framework of the Land Use / Cover Area frame statistical Survey (LUCAS). The document at hand provides images that will help in the identification of the different crop species, organized by their classes in the LUCAS classification. The drafting of the document was part of the Eurostat contract N on Land Use/Cover Area frame statistical Survey (LUCAS) 2012 Lot 6 Technical Assistance & Quality Control entrusted to LuxSpace Sàrl and was developed by Prof. Dr. Hans Peter Piorr (University of for Sustainable and Applied Sciences Eberswalde). The LUCAS reference documents are periodically improved and adapted taking into account the experience from the implemented surveys and the requirements of the LUCAS data & information users. LUCAS stands for Land use and land cover area frame survey. It is a survey that takes place in the field, and in the current form it has been run every 3 years since LUCAS survey 2018 can be divided in 3 parts: LUCAS core LUCAS specific module on grassland (Grassland module) LUCAS specific module on soil (Soil module) LUCAS core includes the identification of the point, different aspects of land cover and land use information and land and water management. The grassland module is a test module on 3734 points, to assess the practical and scientific feasibility to collect the relevant information. The soil module, which takes place in 26,014 LUCAS points, consists of different parts. In all points a topsoil sample is collected either on its own (standard soil sample), or with the bulk density sample (9000 points). Furthermore a sample for biodiversity is collected in 1000 points and in 1470 points specifically selected the extend of the organic horizon is assessed. The feasibility of the LUCAS core part and the standard topsoil sample have been assessed over the years and a thorough quality control takes place for these parts. On the other hand the grassland module, some smaller additions to the core part (EUNIS, Copernicus) and the new parts of the soil module have been introduced for testing purposes. The practical feasibility and in some cases the scientific feasibility of these modules are to be assessed during the LUCAS survey It is therefore of uttermost importance that this part of the survey is carefully planned and the assessment is done thoroughly. However the quality assessment is not as strict as in the other parts and aims at assessing the general plausibility of the results. On the other hand a request for correction is always possible. To assess the scientific validity of the grassland module a detailed vegetation survey will take place in a selected number of points in parallel to the LUCAS survey. The data collected during the LUCAS survey is used to produce statistical tables on land cover and land use, it is used for modelling agro-environmental aspects and it is used as ground control for satellite images. More information on land cover/use statistics and on LUCAS in general can be found on the Eurostat website: The LUCAS survey is co-ordinated by the Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat).

6 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 6 B11 Common wheat USDA- ARS Germinated seed with roots, coleoptile and first leaf Wheat without awns Wheat with awns Spike without awns W.Lehner t Spike with awns Seed/Grain Wheat without awns, time for harvesting Time for harvesting, strutting apart of awns because of thick kernels

7 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 7 B12 Durum wheat Young Durum spike, beginning of bloom Crop of Durum Often cropped in warmer climates (southern European countries). Danger of confusion with barley, common wheat with awns, triticale, rye In case of doubt choose common wheat Typical stalk Long awns of Durum, often black Gappy crop of Durum W.Lehner Seed/Grain P.Piorr Emmer

8 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 8 B13 Barley Big overlapping auricles of Barley Four-row barley, Common Barley Slim two-row Barley, generally Barley has the longest awns. USDA-ARS Four-row barley, typical long awns Auricles Four-row barley, Common Barley Slim two-row Barley, time for harvesting W.Lehner t Slim two-row Barley Seed, glume connected with kernel Four-row Barley, Common barley, time for harvesting Slim two-row Barley

9 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 9 B14 Rye Auricles hardly visible Crop of Rye Gappy crop USDA-ARS Typical slim spike at the beginning of bloom W.Lehner Typical slim spike Grain, long thin kernels are typical Graining phase Stage of maturity

10 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 10 B15 Oats Standing crop of Oats Oats have no auricles but a bigger sized ligule USDA-ARS Shooting phase before panicles appear Tillering of Oats W.Lehner t Panicle of Oats Slim grains of Oats Maturation phase of Oats

11 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 11 B16 Maize Standing crop of Maize Male flowers of Maize Seeding of Maize with red seed dressing of kernel Maize ear abloom Maize ear abloom W.Lehne rt Maize ear at the end of maturity Big Maize kernel Wide row spacing of Maize Maize ear with green husks

12 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 12 B17 Rice Standing crop of Rice Rice abloom USDA-ARS Finished tillering phase Robert Soreng Seed Steve Hurst Development of first leaves after planting

13 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 13 B18 Triticale Spiking stage of Triticale Spikes always with awns USDA-ARS Might be confounded with Rye. Wheat with awns looks different, compare. If you are not sure choose Wheat. Rye typically is cropped under cooler climate conditions in northern EU. Auricles Danger of confusion with Rye W.Lehnert Spikes during maturation Grains Big, eugenic spikes are typical for Triticale

14 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 14 B19 Other Cereals Buckwheat Crop of Buckwheat Buckwheat is no cereal, cotyledons still visible in two leaf stage o ceral Typical triangular leaves USDA-ARS Beginning of bloom Gappy crop White blossom W.Lehnert Typical triangular kernels of Buckwheat

15 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 15 B19 Other Cereals Sorghum (Millet) Sorghum bicolor Sorghum after crop covering USDA-ARS Panicles of Sorghum during maturation Leaves look like Maize leaves, panicles are positioned terminal W.Lehnert Seed/Grain Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Maturity of Sorghum Millet (Pennisetum americanum)

16 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 16 B21 Potatoes Cultivation of Potatoes First leaves of Potatoes White blossom Red Blossom P.Piorr Field view: Potatoes after harrowing

17 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 17 B22 Sugar Beet Wide row spacing of Sugar Beets Sugar Beets are cultivated on fertile soils Four leaf stage, cotyledons are still visible Eugonic leaves of Sugar Beets completely covering the soil W.Lehner t Seeds Only beet top of Sugar Beets can be seen

18 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 18 B23 Other Root Crops P.Piorr Shallots Onions Daucus carota: Two slim cotyledons and 3 leaves are visible Daucus carota: Development of carot root has begun P.Piorr Onions Radishes Vegetable and fodder carrots Garlic Garlic Vegetable and fodder carrots Vegetable and fodder carrots

19 Franke 1998 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 19 B23 Other Root Crops (cont.) Scheme of other crops: A=Radish, B=Root celery, C=Cabbage turnip Red beet P.Piorr Franke Bigger part of the root grows above ground. Root body can be more cylindric Cylindric body of Red beet P.Piorr P.Piorr P.Piorr Cabbage turnip (white) Cabbage turnip (red)

20 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 20 B31 Sunflower Blossoms of Sunflower Seeding of Sunflower with blue seed dressing of kernel Maturation of Sunflower Cotyledons still visible Sun flowers in an early growing stage W.Lehnert Seed Bud of Sunflower Short before harvest

21 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 21 B32 Rape and turnip rape Blooming rapefield Typical broad cotyledons. Rape after development of first two leaves. High plant density of standing crop Blossom W.Lehne rt Rape blossom, elder siliquae are already in the grain filling stage Seeds Short before harvesting

22 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 22 B33 Soya Standing crop of Soya bean Soya beans in a field with minimum tillage, straw of previous crop is visible Soya beans sown on ridges Scheme of Soya bean plant during the ripening phase Typical leaf arrangement of Soya beans Hairy pods of Soya beans W.Lehnert Soya bean blossom Seeds of Soya beans are white, yellow or dark brown Pods of Soya beans typically contain two or three seeds Soya beans in maturation phase

23 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 23 B34 Cotton Characteristic big cotyledons of cotton seedling. Cotton seedling still carrying the seed coat coloured by the seed dressing. Wide ridge spacing of Cotton Leaf White blossom Red blossom Premature capsule of Cotton Cotton short before picking Mature opened Cotton capsule typically with 3 5 seeds with fibres

24 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 24 B35 Other fibre and oleaginous crops Hemp Hemp Flax/Linseeds Flax/Linseeds Typical leaf of Hemp Oil squash Oil radish frequently used as intercrop Flax/Linseeds Blossom of oil squash Oil squash in main growth stage Oil radish short before harvest Flax/Linseeds ready for harvest

25 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 25 B35 Other Fibre and oleaginous crops (cont.) Poppy capsule with seeds White Poppy blossom Mustard seeds Mustard seeds Young Poppy plant Poppy seeds Mustard seeds Mustard seeds Bud of Poppy seeds before bloom Poppy seeds short before harvest Mustard seeds Mustard seeds

26 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 26 B36 Tobacco Standing crop of Tobacco Blossom Wide row spacing of Tobacco Tobacco planted on ridges Typical leaves Seed/Grain W.Lehnert P.Piorr Tobacco plants, basal leaves are already harvested

27 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 27 B37 Other Non-permanent industrial crops Hops Hops Thistle Thistle Hops Hops Thistle Hops Sage Parsley Parsley

28 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 28 B41 Dry pulses Young Field beans (Faba beans) Field beans with typical tetragonal stem Beans, cotyledons still visible Four leaf stage of Beans Blossoms of Field beans Standing crop of Field beans Young Bean plants Beans Field beans Field beans during maturation, after threshing used as grain feed Dry beans abloom Green Bean pods are used vegetables, dried grains for cooking

29 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 29 B41 Dry pulses (cont.) Chick pea Field pea Field pea Chick pea Chick pea Field pea, easily to be identified because of their cirrus Field pea Chick pea Chick pea Field pea, green pods and green grains are used as vegetables Field pea during maturing, after threshing used as grain feed

30 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 30 B41 Dry pulses (cont.) Lentil Lentil Lupin with typical leaves Lupin with white blossoms Vetch Vetch Lupin Lupin with blue blossom Vetch Vetch Lupins Lupin buds during maturing, after threshing used as grain feed.

31 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 31 B42 Tomatoes Wide row spacing of Tomatoes Tomatoes cultivated in foils with drip irrigation Yellow blossom Tomatoes during blossom Tomatoes short before ripening

32 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 32 B43 Other fresh vegetables Pepper Pepper Leek Leek Pepper Chilli Leek Artichoke Egg-plant Egg-plant Artichoke Artichoke

33 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 33 B43 Other fresh vegetables (cont.) Green Asparagus, green above ground stem is harvested White Asparagus, latest growing stage to harvest belowground white stems Zucchini Zucchini Field view: Asparagus after harvest, green above-ground plant Asparagus after harvest, plants provide nutrients for recovering of rootstocks Zucchini Pumpkin Pumpkin Pumpkin

34 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 34 B43 Other fresh vegetables (cont.) Honeydew melon Honeydew melon Broccoli Broccoli Water melon Water melon Red cabbage Field view: Red cabbage P.Piorr P.Piorr Cauliflower Cauliflower White cabbage White cabbage

35 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 35 B43 Other fresh vegetables (cont.) Brussels sprouts Brussels sprouts Iceberg lettuce Iceberg lettuce Brussels sprouts Dandelion Red butterhead lettuce Red butterhead lettuce P.Piorr P.Piorr Iceberg lettuce with drip irrigation Field view: Iceberg lettuce Butterhead lettuce Butterhead lettuce with drip irrigation

36 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 36 B43 Other fresh vegetables (cont.) Spinach Spinach Field view: Celery root P.Piorr Field view: Celery

37 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 37 B44 Floriculture and ornamental plants Oleander Red tulip, typical leaves Yellow tulip Lilium Rose Lavender Narcissus Narcissus

38 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 38 B45 Strawberries Strawberries in foil cultivation with drip irrigation Short after planting USDA-ARS Blossom

39 B51 Clover C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 39 Red Clover White Clover Typical leaves Red blossom W.Lehnert W.Lehnert Clover Seeds (White clover) Clover Seeds (Red Clover)

40 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 40 B52 Lucerne Blossoms of Lucerne (Alfalfa) Leaf Typical leaves of Lucerne

41 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 41 B53 Other Leguminous and mixtures for fodder Clover/Grass ley after harvest Clover/Grass ley Vetch/Clover/Grass ley Alfalfa/Grass ley Clover/Grass ley Barley/Pea mixture Rye/Vetch mixture Pea/Barley/Oats mixture Alfalfa/Grass ley Vetch/Grass/Legume mixture Clover/Grass ley Red Clover/Grass ley

42 B54 Mix of cereals C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 42

43 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 43 B55 Temporary grassland Young Grass ley on arable land Gappy Grass ley after harvest with few Clover plants Grass ley Grass ley Grass ley in graining phase possibly for harvest of seeds Grass ley

44 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 44 B71 Apple fruit Blossom Fruit and leaves of Apple Leaves

45 B72 Pear fruit C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 45

46 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 46 B73 Cherry fruit Red cherry fruit Typical blossom Leaves Typical blossom

47 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 47 B74 Nuts-trees Walnuts Walnuts Young Hazelnut plant Leaves of Hazelnut Almond tree Almond plantation Pistachio tree with stone fruits Blossom of Chestnut Almond tree Almond tree Almond tree Chestnut

48 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 48 B75 Other fruit tree and berries Apricot Blossom apricot Plums Mirabellas Peach Blossoms of Peach

49 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 49 B76 Oranges Fruit of Orange Blossom Time for harvesting Time for harvesting

50 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 50 B77 Other citrus fruits Grapefruit Grapefruit Lime Lemon Lemon Mandarine Mandarine Lime

51 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 51 B81 Olive groves Green olive Young traditional cultivation type of Olives Young intensive Olive plantation with drip irrigation Young buds of olives Olive grove, soil kept free from weeds to prevent water competition Olive grove, soil kept free from weeds to prevent water competition Blossom and leaves Buds of olives shortly before bursting Olive grove, soil kept free from weeds to prevent water competition Young olive tree plantation with drip irrigation Time for harvesting

52 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 52 B82 Vineyards Red grape Vineyard with soil cover to prevent erosion Leaves and inflorescence of sapling Leaves White grape Elder Vineyard, soil kept free from weeds to prevent water competition Young vine plantation with single plant pruning Special form pruning Typical vineyard Wine espalier for Table grapes Flower cluster of Wine Wine espalier for Table grapes

53 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 53 B83 Nurseries Fir tree Fir tree Nursery under foil of trees Rododendron nursery Diverse plants in a tree nursery Fir tree Broadleaf tree nursery Young Fir tree nursery Tree nursery with drip irrigation Tree nursery in ridge cultivation Diverse Coniferous trees Olive tree nursery

54 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 54 B84 Permanent industrial crops Lavender Lavender Lavender

55 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 55 B84 Permanent industrial crops (cont.) Miscanthus Sprouting Miscanthus Miscanthus Miscanthus Miscanthus Osier plantation Osier

56 C5 - Plant Identification Guide - LUCAS Reference Documentation Page 56 Sources Britton, N.L., and A. Brown/. USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Vol. 2: 260. Britton, N.L., and A. Brown An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possession/ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Vol. 2: 193. Elaine USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Hitchcock, A.S./ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database (rev. A. Chase) Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No Washington, DC. Jeff USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database J.S. USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Lehnert, W HNE-Eberwalde, Germany Mark W. USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Piorr, H.-P HNE-Eberswalde, Germany R.A. USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Rusty USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Steve USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Susan USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database