TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN

Transcription

1 TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN Creating a progressive, equitable and sustainable table grape industry JUNE 2017

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3 CONTENTS / INHOUD Uit die kantoor van Willem Bestbier 2 Research Love for table grapes drives Phyllis Burger to develop new varieties 3 Trimens False Tiger Moth 5 Technical Bacterial Blight: Research Ongoing 7 Hoe om jou koolstof voetspoor te verlaag: Confronting Climate Change Inisiatief 9 Market Development Olympic games of global fresh fruit and vegetable trade massive opportunity for SA 11 Indian market ready to receive more quality fresh fruit from Fruit SA 12 Information SA table grapes harvest biggest crop yet during 2016/17 season 13 Industry Communication Sati voorsittersverslag algemene jaarvergadering Bun Booyens oor wat megaboere suksesvol maak 16 For any enquiries, comments and feedback, please contact: Tarryn Wettergreen: Dawie Moelich: Clayton Swart: tarryn@satgi.co.za dawie@satgi.co.za clayton@satgi.co.za

4 SATI TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN Uit die kantoor van WILLEM BESTBIER LEER EN GROEI IN NUWE MARKTE N STRATEGIESE PRIORITEIT Die 2016/2017 seisoen is goed verby en vandeesmaand is dit alreeds weer tyd om vir Spesiale Markte vir die komende seisoen te registreer. Sekerlik is dit tyd om by wyse van terugskouing n kritiese blik te neem op die afgelope seisoen. Dit is goed bekend dat, vanuit n volume-perspektief, die seisoen besonder suksesvol was en 67,6 miljoen kartonne tafeldruiwe (4,5 kg ekwivalente) is vir uitvoer aangebied en goedgekeur. Dit is sowat 13,8% meer as die vorige grootste oes van die 2014/2015 seisoen. Daar moet egter op gelet word dat ons volume-groei die afgelope 5 jaar sowat 4,3% gemiddeld per jaar op n saamgestelde basis was. Dit is nie uitermatig hoog nie en steeds plaas dit ons onder druk ten opsigte van n keuse van winsgewende markte. Ons stoksensus, veral die ouderdom van ons wingerde, dui verder dat hierdie groei minstens vir n wyle nog voortgesit gaan word. Verder is dit duidelik dat dit geen maklike seisoen was nie en, benewens n sporadiese oorversadigde mark en die ongunstige wisselkoers vergeleke met die vorige seisoen, was daar terugvoer uit die mark wat ons beeld en reputasie as n kwaliteit voorsiener nie gestand gedoen het nie. Die ooraanbod van druiwe uit die Suidelike Halfrond aan ons primêre markte het waarskynlik bygedra tot n skerper fokus op gehalte en n meer punteneurige koper, maar ons moet nie die geleentheid laat verbygaan om krities na ons praktyke en gehalteversekering te kyk nie. Met hierdie as agtergrond is dit duidelik dat die Suid-Afrikaanse tafeldruiwe bedryf, benewens baie ander uitdagings, ernstig aandag aan die volgende twee strategiese uitdagings moet gee: Groei in nuwe markte Gehalte-differensiasie Ten einde in die Verre Ooste en Suid-Oos Asië te groei moet ons die tegniese uitdagings van die strawwe verskepingsprotokolle onder die knie kry, ons skoolgeld betaal, leer en toenemend beter presteer. Verder het hierdie markte baie spesifieke voorkeure met betrekking tot die produk (tegnies en esteties) en gehalte. Al hierdie uitdagings kan te bowe gekom word deur die gefokusde en gedifferensieerde aanwending van tegnologie en intelligensie (ook n vorm van tegnologie). n Fyn keuse sal gemaak moet word van kultivars wat enersyds aan die markvereistes en -voorkeure voldoen en, andersyds, die strawwe verskepingsprotokolle kan deurstaan en in goeie kondisie met trots in die mark aangebied kan word en betroubare winsgewende pryse behaal. Dit is verder slegs moontlik indien die hele voorsieningsketting hierop fokus en dienooreenkomstig gedifferensieer word. Dit sal noodwendig aspekte insluit soos oesvoorbereiding en verbouingspraktyke, oeslading, verpakkingsmateriaalontwikkeling en keuses, koelkamer tegnologie en kapasiteit, koelketting monitering en die opgradering van verskepingsfasiliteite. As bedryf het ons die afgelope dekade of twee baie skerp gefokus op ons plase, nuwe wingerde, nuwe kultivars en die uitbreiding van pakhuise. Dit was die regte ding en ons het in daardie verband n wenvoorsprong op etlike Suidelike Halfrond mededingers. In die vorige uitgawe van die SATI Tegniese Bulletin is aangedui dat Suid-Afrika 36% cultivars with royalty het teenoor die slegs 2,7% van Chile. Daarbenewens beslaan Suid-Afrika se pitlose kultivars reeds 85% van ons aanplantings terwyl 68% van Peru se aanplantings steeds Red Globe is. n Logiese samevoeging van die twee prioriteite is dus om met n verfynde en gedifferensieerde fokus op gehalte in ons nuwe markte betekenisvolle groei te bewerkstellig. Met die gesonde volumegroei wat ons tans ervaar en geen waarborg om opwindende nuwe markte in die korttermyn by te kry nie moet ons ons huidige markte groei. Dit is logies dat hierdie groei op Spesiale Markte gefokus moet wees, te wete die Verre Ooste en Suid-Oos Asië. Die Britse en Europese markte beslaan reeds ongeveer 70% van ons totale tafeldruiwe uitvoere, wat n redelike verbetering op die 80% van die vorige seisoen is. Steeds het ons na Thailand (reeds ons tweede seisoen daar) en China onderskeidelik minder as en 1 miljoen kartonne die afgelope seisoen uitgevoer. Na die Verre Ooste en Suid-Oos Asië in totaal het ons slegs 8 miljoen kartonne (minder as 12% van die totaal) uitgevoer. Ons volume verspreiding en uitermate hoë blootstelling aan enkele dominante tradisionele markte maak ons egter steeds kwesbaar en om te verwag dat hierdie versadigde markte ons volume-groei sal bly absorbeer, sal onrealisties wees. Nou is dit egter tyd dat ons ook fokus op ons na-oes praktyke en tegnologie om seker te maak dat die regte produk op n fyn gedifferensieerde wyse en in goeie gehalte in ons nuwe en groeimarkte arriveer. Dit is ook belangrik dat ons die realiteit aanvaar dat markontwikkeling nie n 100-meter naelloop is nie, maar n marathon. Dit gaan tyd neem om Suid-Afrika as n betekenisvolle en betroubare voorsiener in lande soos China en Thailand te vestig, en in die proses gaan die opbrengs nie noodwendig bevredigend wees nie en soms gaan daar skoolgeld betaal word. Wegbly uit hierdie opwindende markte is egter nie n opsie nie. Ons sal eenvoudig tegnologie moet inspan, leer en groei. Willem Bestbier 2

5 Love for table grapes drives Phyllis Burger to develop new varieties RESEARCH ARC breeder who developed 5 new table grape varieties including Joybells talks about mothering her new kids. Phyllis Burger is a senior researcher at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) in Stellenbosch. She lights up as she recalls her childhood and early love for plants. Her father was a fruit farmer. Born on a farm in Montagu, she considers herself a plaas meisie, picking grapes and nice yellow peaches straight from the vines and trees when growing up. Phyllis always wanted to work with plants and absolutely loves the outdoors. I can t imagine spending all day in an air-conditioned office in a highrise building, she says. Phyllis obtained a bursary from the Department of Agriculture and completed her BSc Agric studies at the University of Stellenbosch with Botany and Plant Pathology as her main subjects. She completed her BSc Agric honours degree, before starting her career at the State Herbarium in Stellenbosch and moved to the ARC s division for table and raisin grapes in The Agricultural Research Council, a schedule 3A public entity, is a premier science institution that conducts research with partners, develops human capital and foster innovation in support of the agricultural sector. At that stage, the table grape breeding programme was well established but with a growing demand for seedless varieties it was decided to also implement techniques to develop plants from seedless varieties crossed to other seedless varieties as such crosses deliver a much higher portion of seedless offspring, than the conventional seeded to seedless crosses. However, specific tissue culture techniques (called embryo rescue) are necessary and at that time, there were no facilities on site to do this. Her first and main job was to develop and implement embryo rescue techniques in the breeding programme. She later got more involved in the other aspects of breeding and took over the responsibility for the whole programme, after Phil Ellis retired in During this time, she also completed her MSc Agric on embryo rescue of table grapes. Phyllis loves grapes and finds the history of grapes very interesting! Her passion is driven by curiosity and being involved in a process to create something new. I enjoy getting to know which new varieties are developed by other breeding programmes and how they run their programmes and also, to learn if we can do something different to improve our own methods. I also enjoy developing new varieties with interesting flavours and shapes, she says. I also enjoy developing new varieties with interesting flavours and shapes In her years at the ARC, Phyllis released five new table grape varieties. Did you know that just one new variety could take anything from 15 to 20 years to develop commercially? The process starts by making crosses in the vineyard, but the further processes differ for seeded and seedless crosses. For seeded crosses we simply harvest bunches when ripe, remove the seeds, stratify (keep at low temperature for 2-3 months) and germinate them. For the seedless crosses, bunches are collected, taken to the laboratory, berries surface sterilized, the soft rudimentary seeds removed and put into tissue culture under aseptic conditions. Later, rudimentary seeds are dissected to remove the embryo, which is placed in a fresh medium to encourage germination and plant growth. Once the small tissue culture plants are hardened-off in the green house, they are transplanted to tunnels and finally outside in the field to eventually bear some grapes. Each plant is unique and its characteristics differ from that of the parents and the sibling plants. Once these plants fruit, they are screened to select those with the most promising characteristics for the next phase (viticultural and cold storage evaluation). The most exciting part of the whole process for Phyllis is to see the fruit. She jokingly says I always have an idea in mind when I make the cross of what the kids will look like, so it s always interesting to see what develops from the parents I chose. Interestingly for Joybells I know the mother but not the father (pollen donor) as I did not make a deliberate cross, but we developed it from open pollinated Sunred. Out of the five recently released varieties, Joybells is the most successful ARC bred table grape variety to be commercially released and market feedback from UK supermarkets was very positive. Although the focus is mostly on developing grapes suited to the mainstream needs of the South African table 3

6 SATI TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN grape industry, Phyllis keeps herself interested by trying to create something different as exploring different novel ideas gives you an opportunity to tap into other or niche markets. She has been experimenting with some interesting flavours other than the well-known muscat such as granadilla, litchi and pineapple to name a few. For the future, the programme will continue to focus on the needs of the South African producer and industry as identified together with the South African Table Grape Industry (SATI). The ARC has always been driven by industry needs, with the aim of developing new and interesting varieties with lower input cost, needing as little as possible chemical and manual labour manipulations for bunch preparation. Going forward, Phyllis strongly believes it is very important that we take climate change and its impact into account and invest in developing drought, disease and pest resistant varieties and rootstocks. In 2016, the Agricultural Research Council applied for plant breeding rights and variety listing for an early ripening, red seedless variety through the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Breeding is team work and I would not have been able to do what I am doing if it was not for the very able people on my team, says Phyllis. She also says that with the new evaluation processes being driven by SATI, the availability of new varieties to industry is expected to speed up. For more information, contact Phyllis Burger on or BurgerP@arc.agric.za. Derusha Crank, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij crankd@arc.agric.za Photo: Plants derived from seedless crosses by using embryo rescue techniques. Photo: Esau Daniels, long-time stalwart tending to the plants in tunnels and with Phyllis Burger s guidance. Photo: Hardening-off tissue cultured plants. Phyllis and team. Photo: Chrisna Gerber makes sure that everything goes well in the embryo rescue stage. 4

7 Trimen s False Tiger Moth, Agoma trimenii: Seisoenale Gedragspatrone en moontlike biologiese beheer opsies van krismiswurm Die Trimen s False Tiger Moth, Agoma trimenii (Felder) (Lepidoptera: Agaristidae) algemeen bekend as die zebrawurm of krismiswurm het die vermoë om geweldige direkte skade te veroorsaak in wingerde (tafeldruiwe, wyndruiwe en rosyntjiedruiwe) indien geen beheermaatreëls toegepas word nie. Die plaaginsek is voorheen aangemeld in die Noord-Kaap- en Groblersdal-omgewing. Infestasievlakke wissel en die seisoenale voorkoms van die insek is soms sporadies. Baie min inligting was in die verlede beskikbaar rondom die biologie en seisoenale ontwikkeling van die insek. Gevolglik is daar n versoek gerig om n projek te loots om die insek se gedrag te bestudeer en dienooreenkomstige moniteringsmetodes en uiteindelik beheeropsies te ontwikkel om oor tyd die insek volkome te beheer. Die onderstaande verslag is n opsomming van: Seisoenale gedragspatrone van die insek soos waargeneem tydens die 2016/17 seisoen Algemene waarnemings Kleinskaal evaluering van sommige biologiese beheer opsies Biologie van die Trimen s False Tiger Moth Gedurende die winter seisoen, kom papies in die boonste 3cm van die grond in wingerd voor in blokke wat gedurende die seisoen geïnfesteer was (Figuur 1). Daar is n duidelike gaatjie waarin papies gevind kan word en hierdie gaatjies kom gewoonlik reg rondom die stok op die bankie voor in wingerde (Figuur 2). Motte is gewoonlik sigbaar in blokke vanaf Oktober (afhangend van klimaatstoestande). Gedurende die somerperiode, word daar vermoed dat eiers op blare gelê word, en die liggroen kleur van die eiers maak dit nog moeiliker om eiers met die blote oog te sien (Figuur 5). Fig. 5. Eiers van die Trimen s Flase Tiger Moth (J. de Waal) Die eerste instar larwes is kleiner as 0.5 mm en word maklik misgekyk gedurende die seisoen. Vreetskade is ook aanvanklik net n effense raspering aan n blaar en nie baie opmerklik nie (Figuur 6). RESEARCH Fig. 6. Eerste instar larwes vreetskade op blare (J. de Waal) Fig. 1.Papie in die grond gedurende die winter (J. de Waal) Namate larwes vreet en ontwikkel vergroot hulle in grootte en is skade baie meer prominent en opmerklik. Velletjies wat afgeskud word tydens vervellings kan ook duidelik op blare gesien word. Finale instar larwes is ongeveer 4 cm lank en swart in kleur (Figuur 8) en hulle migreer af grond toe waar hulle pupeer vir sekere periode voor volgende generasie motte uitbroei en siklus weer begin. Fig. 2. Duidelike gaatjie waarin papies gesien kan word (J. de Waal) Gedurende die lente, namate grondtemperatuur verhoog en toestande gunstig is, broei motte uit die papies uit en verlaat die grondlaag (Figuur 4). Fig. 8. Finale instar larwe van die Trimen s False Tiger Moth (J. de Waal) Fig. 4. Motte begin om uit die papies te broei (J. de Waal) Verskeie generasies word per groei seissoen opgemerk en by tye word verskillende larwale stadiums in wingerde gevind (Figuur 9). 5

8 SATI TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN Amptelike Registrasie Proewe van omgewingsvriendelike chemie is deur die loop van die seisoen op twee persele (Southern Farms en Roepersfontein) in die Noord-Kaap uitgevoer deur Philagro in samewerking met Experico. Biologiese beheer opsies insluitend twee isolate van insek-parasitiese nematodes of in kort EPNs, is getoets vir die vatbaarheid van papies en verskillende groottes van die larwes van die Trimen s False Tiger Moth. Die EPNs (Steinernema yirgalemense en Heterorhabditis indica) het 100% larvale infeksie getoon in die laboratorium, maar die papies het ongelukkig almal oorleef. In die geval van die larwes was alle stadiums vatbaar en die nematodes het ook hul lewensiklus voltooi in die larwes (Figuur 12). Fig. 9. Verskillende larwale stadiums van die Trimen s False Tiger Moth (J. de Waal) Gedurende die herfsperiode migreer larwes af grond toe, voor hulle prepapies en uiteindelik papies vorm om te oorwinter. Algemene Waarnemings n Paar algemene waarnemings rondom die insek se biologie en ontwikkelling kan gesien word. Dit is gewys dat motte na lig aangetrek word, larwale vervellings is duidelik sigbaar op blare, larwes skei n tipe groen druppel af wanneer bedreig word, larwes vorm n prepapie voor hulle ontwikkel in n papie en verskillende larwale stadiums word gelyktydig in blokke gevind op sekere tye van die seisoen. Fig. 12. Swart larwe infekteer met insek-parasitiese nematodes (A.P. Malan) Verskillende kommersiële swamme is ook getoets in die laboratorium en van die resultate lyk belowend teen die larwes (Figuur 13). Weereens was die sukses met die papies nie baie goed nie. In die geval van die nematodes word die insekte dood gemaak binne 2 dae terwyl dit by die swamme ongeveer 7 dae neem om 60% te infekteer. Die plan vir verdere navorsing is om al die biologiese beheer agente tans beskikbaar, te toets in die laboratorium om ʼn potensiële kandidaat te identifiseer teen Trimen s False Tiger Moth. Hierdie biologiese beheer agente sluit in lokaal geïsoleerde nematode spesies, kommersiële en nuut geïsoleerde swamme, sowel as virusse en parasitoïede. Fig.10. Sigbare larwale vervellings (J. de Waal) Mannetjie motte en wyfie motte is nie dieselfde grootte nie (Figuur 11) en hulle geslag kan bepaal word in die papie stadium deur klein waarnemingsverskille op die genitale area. Fig. 13. Larwe besmet met n insekdodende swam (A.P. Malan) Toekomstige Navorsing Al bogenoemde resultate word as oorspronklik beskou en sal toekomstig die grondslag vorm waarop toekomstige navorsing gebasseer word. Baie faktore moet in meer diepte ondersoek word om sodoende die insek beter te verstaan om uiteindelik n geïntegreerde metode van beheer te kan formuleer. Fig. 11. Mannetjie mot aan die linkerkant, wyfie mot aan die regterkant (J. Du Plessis - Karsten) C. A. MORRIS, J.Y. DE WAAL, A. P. MALAN, S. JOHNSON courtneymorris68@gmail.com 6

9 BACTERIAL BLIGHT: RESEARCH ONGOING RESEARCH Over many years, SATI has invested substantial funding in bacterial blight research, all with the aim of finding ways to control and manage bacterial blight. The starting point has been to better understand Xylophilus ampelinus, the organism that causes bacterial blight. This process has, over the years, developed the PCR technique which is currently used to test for bacterial blight in grapevines. The next step is to develop an even more sensitive diagnostic technique which can distinguish between dead and living bacterial blight cells - a project is currently underway. If this technique can be successfully developed, it will be a useful tool that producers can access to test if nursery material is free of bacterial blight. The current PCR technique will test positive for bacterial blight regardless of whether there are dead or living VLAMSIEKTE BY WINGERD Wat is vlamsiekte? Vlamsiekte ( bacterial blight ) is n sistemiese wingerdsiekte wat deur die bakterie Xylophilus ampelinus veroorsaak word en druif kultivars affekteer. Die bakterie kom voor in die vaatweefsel van die stok en sover bekend is Vitis vinifera die enigste gasheerplant. Die siekte verlaag produktiwiteit wat tot oesverliese lei en verkort die lewensduur van stokke, wat meer gereelde hervestiging noodsaak. Waar kom vlamsiekte voor? Vlamsiekte kom hoofsaaklik in die Noorder-Paarl, Hexrivier en Brandwacht (Worcester) areas in die Wes-Kaap voor. Vlamsiekte kom ook in Griekeland, Krete, Italië, Sardinië, Sicilië, Frankryk, Portugal, Spanje, Moldova, Slovenia en Turkye voor. Watter simptome kan in wingerd waargeneem word? Vlamsiekte het baie verskillende simptome wat vanaf die vroeë lente tot middel somer sigbaar is. Die simptome varieër na gelang van die kultivar, tyd van die seisoen en omgewingstoestande. In die vroeë lente word die bot van sommige ogies vertraag of hulle bot glad nie. Waar ogies wel bot, het die botsels soms n heksebesem voorkoms en ontwikkelende lote is verdwerg. Sommige kultivars vertoon bakkievormige, geelgroen blaartjies wat met onkruiddoder skade verwar kan word. Lensvormige letsels wat verbruin en omsit in kankers kan ook in die laat lente of middel somer op die lote voorkom. Hierdie letsels ontstaan gewoonlik op die knoop en beweeg dan verder op die lit. Soortgelyke letsels kan op trosstele voorkom en veroorsaak dat die tros of gedeeltes daarvan afsterf. Die opvallendste simptoom by ouer blare is n verdroging (skroei) van die blaarrand. Wanneer infeksie deur die huidmondjies van die blaar plaasvind, ontstaan hoekige letsels op die blaaroppervlak. Simptome van vlamsiekte kan soms met dié van ander siektes soos tandpyn, waaierblaar, streepvlek en skurfbas, asook n boortekort en onkruiddoderskade verwar word. Hoe versprei dit? Die siekte is hoogs oordraagbaar. Ent-, snoei- en bewerkingspraktyke wat wonde veroorsaak (suier, ringelering, uitknip) is hoofsaaklik vir die verspreiding van die bakterieë verantwoordelik. Reën, wind en oorhoofse bacteria present in the plant material and has to be backed up with results from a bacterial isolation procedure. The new technique would not replace the existing PCR technique it would complement the existing technique. It could be used to ensure that planting material is free of bacterial blight, while the existing PCR technique could be used to test samples from farms to see if certain blocks have contracted bacterial blight after they have been planted. SATI continues to assist producers in developing management and control strategies through funding bacterial blight research. In the interim it is important that producers continue to implement the recommended vineyard sanitation practices as described in the pamphlet developed by the ARC. Refer to the box below: besproeiing versprei ook die bakterieë vanaf besmette stokke na wonde op die hout en/of blare van gesonde stokke, waar infeksie dan plaasvind. Primêre infeksie kan ook plaasvind sonder dat daar n wond is. Simptoomlose, besmette voortplantingsmateriaal is die primêre bron van vlamsiekte. Daar is nog geen bewyse gevind dat die bakterie deur insekte versprei kan word, of in die grond kan oorleef en sodoende die siekte kan versprei nie. Hoe kan vlamsiekte beheer word? Die bestaande beheermaatreëls is hoofsaaklik gerig op die aanplant van siektevrye plantmateriaal en deurlopende sanitasiepraktyke in die wingerd om die verspreiding van die siekte te beperk. Daar is tans geen chemiese middel beskikbaar wat die siekte in besmette stokke kan uitwis nie. Gebruik slegs siektevrye voortplantingsmateriaal, afkomstig van n gesertifiseerde bron wat warm-waterbehandeling ontvang het. Kontak SAPO in dié verband. Warmwaterbehandeling van 45 minute by 50 C vernietig die vlamsiekte bakterie suksesvol in voortplantingsmateriaal. Voorskrifte vir koelopberging, warmwaterbehandeling en die hantering van stokke na warmwaterbehandeling moet streng gevolg word. Indien stokke uitdroog na warmwaterbehandeling kan probleme met vatpersentasie en groei van stokkies ondervind word. Produsente word aanbeveel om kwekerye te versoek om warmwaterbehandeling toe te pas om sodoende die risiko van vlamsiekte te verlaag. Verspreiding van die bakterieë kan beperk word deur koperbespuitings (koperoksiechloried 500 g/100 liter of koperhidroksied 200 g/100 liter) saam met n benatter, op die volgende tye toe te dien: 1 tot 2 cm lootlengte 10 cm lootlengte 14 dae later net voor blom. Produsente moet egter in gedagte hou dat langdurige gebruik van middels kan veroorsaak dat die bakterie weerstand kan opbou asook dat koper toksisiteit in die grond kan ontwikkel. Alle implemente wat verwonding van die wingerdstok veroorsaak, byvoorbeeld wanneer ringelering, tip en top van lote en trosuitdunning gedoen word, moet na elke stok gesteriliseer word. 7

10 SATI TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN Beperk stres op stokke deur die drag te beperk en te verseker dat voldoende voeding en water toegedien word. Trosse wat swak ontwikkel het as gevolg van vlamsiekte moet verwyder word sodat die oorblywende trosse meer voedingstowwe tot hul beskikking het, om ten volle te ontwikkel. Grondbewerkingsimplemente moet ontsmet word wanneer daar van n besmette blok na n ander blok beweeg word. Grond wat aan implemente vassit moet eers met water afgespuit word en dan moet die implement met n steriliseermiddel wat natriumhipochloried (Jik) of n kwaternêre ammonium verbinding bevat, met behulp van n rugsakspuitpomp afgespuit word. Stokke moet gesnoei word tydens totale dormansie. Wanneer besmette wingerd gesnoei word, moet snoeiskêre verkieslik na elke stok ontsmet word. Lote en hout afkomstig van stokke wat met vlamsiekte besmet is, moet uit die blok verwyder en verbrand word. Geen voortplantingsmateriaal mag uit vlamsiekte-besmette blokke versprei word nie. Selfs omliggende blokke wat visueel geen vlamsiekte simptome toon nie, kan simptoomloos met die bakterie besmet wees. Hoe kan daar getoets word vir vlamsiekte? n Baie sensitiewe PKR ( PCR ) opsporingstegniek, is beskikbaar waarmee vasgestel kan word of die bakterie in wingerd teenwoordig is. Oktober tot Februarie is die optimum tyd om hierdie toets uit te voer. PKR toetse kan op versoek by LNR Infruitec-Nietvoorbij gedoen word (Dr. Yolanda Petersen , peterseny@arc.agric.za). Ongeveer 40 cm van n groen loot (met blare) word benodig om die toets uit te voer. Vir verdere navrae kontak Roleen Carstens: Tel: E-pos: carstensr@arc.agric.za Skroei van die blaarrand. Tipiese simptoom waar die siekte sy naam vandaan kry. Dele van die blaar verdroog en vertoon rooi (by rooi kultivar). Lote, tros en korrelstele wys letsels, wat later in kankers omsit. Verbruining van lootweefsel wat later omsit in kankers begin gewoonlik by die knoop en versprei later oor die hele lit. Vertraagde bot, met liggeel lower wat tipies is van vlamsiekte. Groen lote kan afsterf as kankers oor loot versprei. Verdwergde lootjies met bakkievormige blaartjies waarvan die blaarrand geskroei is. Lootjies verdroog soms en botsels vrek. Tros en korrelstele word nekroties en dele van die tros sterf af. Knoetsvormige lootgroei uit ogie met liggeel bakkievormige blaartjies, n simptoom wat met onkruiddoderskade verwar kan word. Hoekige nekrotiese letsels op blare wat dui daarop dat infeksie deur huidmondjies plaasgevind het. 8

11 Hoe om jou koolstof voetspoor te verlaag: Confronting Climate Change Inisiatief TECHNICAL Sleutelwoorde: gevalle-studies, hernubare energie, landbou, klimaatsverandering Inleiding: Confronting Climate Change (CCC) het vir n aantal jare n koolstofvoetspoor rekenaar gratis as n hulpmiddel vir die industrie beskikbaar gestel. Behalwe vir die ondersteuning van die vrugteen wynbedryf in Suid-Afrika met die gebruik van die rekenaar deur opleidingsgeleenthede en direkte ondersteuning, sou CCC ook graag die gebruikers van die rekenaar wil motiveer om verdere stappe te neem om hul koolstofvrystellings te verminder. Alhoewel elke organisasie beskik oor sy eie strukture en beperkings of geleenthede word daar n paar logiese stappe gebied om gebruikers te lei deur die proses om koolstofvrystellings te bestuur en te verminder. Eerste stappe: Hou asseblief in gedagte dat die vermindering van koolstofvrystellings n langtermyn-proses is, wat in n stap-vir-stap manier benader moet word. 1. Vind n betroubare diensverskaffer om n energie-oudit vir jou op te stel. Wat is n energie-oudit? Dit is n sistematiese benadering wat die volgende inligting sal verskaf: Wat jy gebruik; waar jy dit gebruik en hoeveel jy gebruik? Daarna word n evaluering benodig om die toepaslike opsies om jou energie verbruik te verminder te identifiseer. 2. Verminder jou energieverbruik deur die implementering van energie-doeltreffende praktyke soos aanbeveel in jou ouditverslag. Dit kan plaasvind met verloop van tyd as dit beide koste en operasionele implikasies sal hê. 3. Gebruik hernubare energie tegnologie. Wat kan ons leer van ander? Daar is n aantal tegnologieë en energiedoeltreffendheidsmaatreëls wat jy kan implementeer by jou plaas, pakhuis of kelder. Wat werk vir een besigheid sal nie noodwendig werk vir n ander nie en dit is dus waar die waarde van n energie-oudit lê. Daar kan egter baie van ander geleer word. Kort gevallestudies word hieronder aangebied wat n seleksie van óf groen energie tegnologie of energiebesparende maatreëls verteenwoordig. Neem asseblief kennis dat daar n magdom van opsies beskikbaar is en dat hierdie inligtingstuk slegs n opsomming bied van n paar tegnologieë. Dit is baie belangrik dat voordat die installering van alternatiewe energiebronne oorweeg word, dat n onafhanklike energiekonsultant geraadpleeg word eerder as n diensverskaffer. Solar PV n Ondersoek wat gedoen is deur GreenCape lys n aantal sonkrag PV gevallestudies wat hieronder aangebied word. Besigheid Tegnologie Opbrengs op belegging Ceres Fruit Growers Ceres Koelkamers Stellenpak Fruit Packers Arbeids- Vreugd Fruit Packers 986 kwp sisteem geïnstaleer deur Solar- World Africa en African Technical Innovations (ATI) in Ceres SW250 Solar- World polikristallyne panele. 58 x 17 kw drie-fase Sunny Tripower omsetters 908 kwp sisteem geïnstaleer deur Solar- World Africa en African Technical Innovations (ATI) in Ceres 2117 SW240 polikristallyne panele m2 oppervlak area 420 kwp sisteem geïnstaleer deur Energyworx in Paarl 1680 SolarWorld SW250 polikristallyne modules m2 oppervlak area 21 Steca TL3 netwerk gekoppelde omsetters 450 kwp sisteem geïnstaleer deur Renewable Energy Design Engineering in Villiersdorp 1876 x 240 Wp Trina Solar modules 26 SMA Tripower drie-fase omsetters. Aanlyn data van krag produksie MWh gegenereer per jaar 6% vermindering in jaarlikse elektrisiteitsgebruik ton CO2e vermy per jaar 848 MWh gegenereer per jaar 11% vermindering in jaarlikse elektrisiteitskoste 839 ton CO2e vermy per jaar 600 MWh gegenereer per jaar 15% vermindering in jaarlikse elektrisiteitskoste 25-year gewaarborgde lewensverwagting 743 MWh gegenereer per jaar R38 miljoen besparing oor 25 jaar. 733 ton CO2e vermy per jaar Geskatte terugbetaling van 6 jaar. Verwysing: Janse van Vuuren, P GreenCape Industry Brief 01/2016. Solar PV on packhouses. 9

12 SATI TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN Veranderlike spoed dryf (VSD) Verwysing: ESKOM Integrated Demand Management, Variable Speed Drives: Reducing energy costs in horticulture. Dit is n toestel wat die frekwensie kan aanpas om elektriese motor spoed te reguleer en aan te pas by die werklike elektriese las, wat lei tot verminderde energieverbruik. Die vermindering van n pomp of waaier spoed met 20% kan energieverbruik verminder met meer as 50%. n VSD sal die spoed of wringkrag reguleer na gelang van die werklike vraag sodat dit nie vinniger draai of harder werk as wat nodig is nie. n VSD verbeter kragfaktorregstelling en het n soft start funksie. Wanneer n VSD nie haalbaar is nie, kan soft start of kragfaktorregstelling oorweeg word. (ESKOM Integrated Demand Management, 2015). Oplossing: Water op die plaas word verkry uit bronne in die Witzenberg bergreeks en was ideaal vir hidro-elektriese krag opwekking. Besparing: Die plaas spaar 50% van hul elektrisiteitsrekening gedurende die vrugte seisoen (vraag 124kWh) en is heeltemal selfversorgend in die winter. Tegnologie: Die hidro-elektriese eenheid kan ten minste 29kWh lewer. Hulle het vier klein turbines in parallel geïnstalleer sodat hulle die stelsel kan bedryf op een of twee turbines wanneer die watervloei laag is. n Turbine kan ook gediens word sonder om die hele stelsel af te skakel. Elektrisiteit word gestoor in n battery bank met n totale stoorkapasiteit van 30kWh. n VSD kan jou besproeiingstelsel optimaliseer wanneer: skuifbare pypstelsels en mikro- en drupbesproeiing gebruik word afstande tussen die blokke van grond en die pompstasies verskil, wat n variasie in wrywingsverlies en krag vereistes veroorsaak. Besproeiingsblokke verskil in grootte en n verskillende aantal spuite of druppers nodig is Besproeiingsblokke op hellings is wat verskillende druk en krag vereis. Pompe en motors ontwerp is om water te lewer aan die besproeiingsblok wat die meeste druk vereis Die pomp en motor te groot is en water lewering moet gewurg word. n Tweedehandse pomp en motor gebruik word vir die toepassing en water lewering moet gewurg word (ESKOM Integrated Demand Management, 2015). Beligting n Gevallestudie oor energie-doeltreffende beligting op die Kromme Rivier Hoender Plaas, Suid-Afrika was bekikbaar op die ESKOM Integrated Demand Management webtuiste wat nuttige inligting verskaf oor die besparing wat bereik kan word deur middel van die vervanging van kwik damp ligte met LED s. Technology description Vervang twee 125W kwik damp spreiligte met 20W LEDs. Cost By benadering R Savings kWh minder energie gebruik per jaar. Verwysing: ESKOM Integrated Demand Management, Hidro-elektrisiteit Verwysing: Kriel, G Farmers Weekly. farmersweekly.co.za/agri-business/agribusinesses/hydro-electricityall-the-power-half-the-cost/ Probleem: Hoë elektrisiteitsrekening R en kragonderbrekings wat n groot impak op elektriese toerusting gehad het. Om elektrisiteit uit water te genereer word n waterbron en n hoogte van sowat 100m benodig. Water vloei uit n hoërliggende reservoir na n laerliggende reservoir en genereer elektrisiteit gedurende die hoë-tarief tydperk, dan word dit terug gepomp na die hoërliggende reservoir in die lae-tarief tydperk. Terug betalingstydperk: Daar word beraam dat die stelsel ongeveer 5 jaar sal neem om vir homself te betaal, deur besparings op elektrisiteitsrekeninge en herstelwerk (Kriel, 2015). Wie kan ons kontak vir hulp? National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC): Hulle bied gesubsidieerde energie gebruiksbepalings om potensiële besparings te identifiseer gebasseer op gebruik en maak aanbevelings ten op sigte van energie besparingsopsies. Die NCPC kan jou ook verwys na die regering aansporings wat jou kan help om koste te verminder. Besoek die NCPC webtuiste by en voltooi n aansoek om in aanmerking te kom vir n energie oudit. Tel: E-pos: ncpc@csir.co.za Eskom se Energie Advies Dienste Tel: E-pos: AdvisoryService@eskom.co.za Nuttige wenke en inligting: Confronting Climate Change: Carbon Footprint Calculator: GreenAgri Portal: Befondsingsgeleenthede: Kontak GreenCape Green Finance Desk vir meer inligting. Sien asseblief hul webtuiste vir meer inligting. 10

13 Olympic games of global fresh fruit and vegetable trade massive opportunity for SA Clayton Swart, Communications Manager at SATI, attended Fruit Logistica Berlin, Germany from 8-10 February for the first time. He shares some observations for SA Agric Inc. More than visitors from 130 countries attended the 2017 Fruit Logistica Berlin exhibition consisting of over 11,2 hectares of exhibition space that can easily be dubbed the Olympic games of the global fresh fruit and vegetable trade. Fruit Logistica, which saw the 25 th edition this year, continues to present a massive opportunity for South Africa to showcase and expand its exports to even more countries around the world. What is clear from this huge gathering is that the global fresh fruit and vegetable trade is truly on the cutting edge of technology, commerce, talent and no doubt embodies our globalised world of trading. The professionalism, dedication and marketing prowess of countries working together with agricultural concerns and suppliers across the value chain were impressive. Not only were countries competing and belting out their message, many provinces from leading countries competed on an equal footing all vying for the attention of the thronging masses of potential buyers. Not to be outdone the Italians, Japanese, Mexicans as well as a host of other nations donned their traditional and other attire on this world stage, where the stakes are high and sealing deals were at the order of the day. We have a colourful flag and a unique cultural heritage that should be proudly worn starting with the SA flag scarf by everyone taking part at the SA Pavilion. Each year a few different aspects of our culture and heritage can be cleverly combined to drum out our message and stand out above the crowd of nations attending the exhibition. The booths and stands were designed even crafted to display the fresh produce and machinery optimally, while doubling as ultra-chic meeting places complete with restaurants, tapas and beers on tap all day, where old and new clients are re-assured of the best quality produce. However, such craftsmanship has a huge price tag with stands purported to cost several hundred thousand Euro s (we are no doubt not helped by a significantly weaker currency). The South African Government, through assistance from the Department of Trade and Industry once again sponsored the SA Pavilion, complete with meeting spaces. A very popular annual cocktail evening is held where not only the best SA wines were flowing, Fruit South Africa (Fruit SA) had a chance to showcase the Great Fruit Adventure where motorcyclist Max MacGillivray and Gareth Jones from the UK could relay their first-hand experience of our farms they visited and quality produce they tasted in their month long tour of South African fruit farms in January Max jokingly asked the audience if they enjoyed the fact that this global showcase is presented in sub-zero temperatures not one of the days reached even a modest 0 degrees, day or night. He reminded the audience that Cape Town has much better weather (dare I say perfect) during February to host this global meeting. Visitors to the SA pavilion, as well as any other expo s around the world, should have the opportunity to see, smell and taste our quality table grapes, mangoes, citrus, apples, pears, avocadoes and other deciduous fruit, depending on seasonal availability. As far as exhibition spaces go, both of our large convention centres in Cape Town and Durban would have to double their capacity and will most likely still be too small compared to the size of the Berlin Expo Centre City. Ferrying the thousands of conference goers for three days, the integrated transport system of trains, buses, taxis, shuttles to hotels all operate seamlessly and well on time. In South Africa we could present something which is hard to emulate by Germany and many other nations, namely vineyards and orchards minutes away from our world class conference centres. However, like us South Africans the Germans also cherish their right to strike with a well-timed taxi drivers strike on the opening morning leading to several thousand delegates arriving late. The big difference off course was that no stones were thrown, tyres burnt (despite the temptation of the rather depressing cold) property damaged or any lives placed at risk in any way. Those of us who opted to make use of the super-efficient metro trains (above ground) took a short stroll from the station, albeit in the freezing cold, to enter the expo centre the thousands flocking to enter happened with that same trade mark German efficiency. The SA Pavilion, as a combined presence funded by DTI and arranged by Fruit SA and its member organisations together with further sponsorship by South African exporters and related companies ensured for a busy three days of nodding and handshaking. We have to pause here and consider that more than 50% of all agricultural exports from South Africa is fresh fruit with 2.7 million tons of fruit (out of 4.7 million tons produced in 2015) is exported to more than 92 countries in the world annually. The value of these exports are more than $2,5 billion. The major export destinations are the EU, UK, Far East, Russia, Middle East and USA/Canada. We must also remember that the fresh fruit industry is ideal in creating jobs, contributing to rural development and the earning of foreign currency. The Western Cape Department of Agriculture through its market access programme annually sponsors a group of black growers, many of them table grape growers, to not only visit the expo, but conduct tours of markets and supermarkets in Rotterdam and Berlin. It was a privilege to share this unique experience as they saw their produce on the shop shelves as well as witness the moments when their customers placed a punnet or two of grapes in their shopping baskets on the other side of the world. Many other South African agricultural businesses were present at Fruit Logistica, however, these home grown successes were located in different venues across the vast exhibition halls. In future all South African companies together with Fruit SA and the government must occupy a hall thereby showcasing a truly SA pavilion ranging from the fresh produce export and other related companies in the value chain to sound the drumbeat of quality and world class local produce. By pooling our resources, combining our unique SA culture with the produce we grow, thereby amplifying the message for the nations to take note as we jointly aim to win this Olympic games of fresh produce. Photo: The touring farmers and officials from the Western Cape Department of Agriculture with Clayton Swart (second from the left) and Dr Konanani Liphadzi (third from the left), CEO of Fruit SA at the SA Pavilion in Berlin, Germany. Photo: Hendrik Davids Manager of Vergelegen in Robertson inspects some South African table grapes in an Aldi supermarket in Berlin, Germany. CLAYTON SWART MARKET DEVELOPMENT 11

14 SATI TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN Indian market ready to receive more quality fresh fruit from Fruit SA Fruit South Africa (Fruit SA), the collective platform for the fruit industry of SA, participated in its third Fresh Produce India 2017 networking event where it found the Indian market ready to receive more quality fresh fruit from South Africa. Fruit SA also engaged Indian authorities and other stakeholders on market access related matters, which will help to feed the growing demand from the world s second largest population of 1,3 billion people. Fruit SA is a non-profit organisation formed by the Citrus Growers Association of Southern Africa (CGA); HORTGRO (representing pome and stone fruit); South African Table Grape Industry (SATI); SUBTROP (representing the avocado, litchi, mango and macadamia industries) and the Fresh Produce Exporters Forum (FPEF) to address common issues in relation to all aspects of the fruit industry of South Africa. This includes market mediation visits such as this one to India, which took place at the end of April The delegation used the opportunity of being in Mumbai for the meeting with the Mumbai Division of the Indian Plant Quarantine Authority and also with ftwoconsulting to deliberate on market access related matters. Engagements in Mumbai were led by Minister Counsellor Mr M Mankazana (DAFF Agricultural Attaché). The delegation met with representatives from the Mumbai Regional Plant Quarantine Station under the leadership of Regional Director Dr PS Nain. The objective of the visit was to exchange information on the export/import processes of the respective countries. The CEO of the Perishable Products Export Control Board (PPECB), Lucien Jansen, made a presentation on the role of this body as South Africa s independent and official export certification agency for the perishable produce industry. The Fruit SA delegation was then taken on a tour through the building, where every step of the Indian import inspection regulatory process was explained in regard to monitoring of pests. According to Dr Konanani Liphadzi, CEO of Fruit SA, although the Fresh Produce India event is small in numbers compared to Asia Fruit Logistica, it is important for SA to participate. The opportunity to do presentations to the international audience also provided an excellent opportunity to showcase SA and our fresh fruit industry. Due to the fact that it was the third year in which we have participated, a leading retail chain store in India realised that we are serious about developing the market and thus have offered to do in-store promotions of our fruit in 300 of their 700 stores across the country. The Fruit SA booth was highly visible due to a good location with eyecatching graphics. Anton Kruger, FPEF CEO, and Paul Hardman, CGA s Industry Affairs manager, gave presentations on the South African industry, with specific reference to opportunities beyond pome fruit in India. Some of the following points on consumer behaviour in India can be highlighted from the conference: Of the nearly 1.3 billion people, 64% fall within the generation Y & Z category (Born from 1980 onwards). Mobility and connectivity is essential. Generations Y and Z are high users of mobile technology. Therefore, e-commerce has huge potential. Food hygiene and safety is a key buyers consideration they want to be assured it is safe. Consumers prefer convenience, e.g. pre-washed fruit & snack packs. Branding is important and seen as a promise of quality (linking product to brand). It is critical to build long-term partnerships with buyers, be it for joint promotions or for working through issues that crop up during the course of the season. Competing campaigns from other countries who are spending considerable amounts on promotions i.e. they are extremely well funded programmes. Organic produce growing at 25% year-on-year. Social media can be used to engage consumers and spread fun facts. Concerns of the Indian market highlighted by local Delegation from Fruit SA gains valuable insights from participating in the Fresh Produce India trade show in Mumbai speakers include a Large percentage of food waste, Food Safety (labelling and contamination), Logistics (shortage of cold storage and transportation) and sorting and grading. The Fruit SA delegation also joined the SA Consulate-General in Mumbai for a Freedom Day celebration cocktail function on 26 April This provided another opportunity to network with Indian business and other key stakeholders. According to Dr Liphadzi these Fruit SA market mediation visits present the fresh fruit industry with first hand insights to assess a market. India is a very large and growing market with the advantage of critical population mass. South African produce, especially pears, is still doing well within the Indian market meaning that SA is regarded as a reputable country of origin. Photo: A typical fruit and vegetable market in India, where most of the fresh produce is sold. Photo: Members of the Fruit SA delegation at the India Fresh Produce show Anton Kruger, FPEF CEO, Dr Konanani Liphadzi, Fruit SA CEO, Clayton Swart, Communications Manager from SATI and Lucien Jansen, PPECB CEO. CLAYTON SWART 12

15 SA table grapes harvest biggest crop yet during 2016/17 season INFORMATION Regional Overview The 2016/17 table grape season finally ended with the South African table grape industry recording the best season yet with volumes exceeding 67 million 4.5 kg equivalent cartons ( tons). At the start of this season the previous season s hot and extremely dry weather conditions were still fresh in the minds of producers making it a bit difficult to estimate what the expected volumes for the 2016/17 harvest would be. The full impact of the worst drought in decades that affected the country and persisted in the Western Cape as well as the effect it had on the vines were not realised by the time the first crop estimate was done at the beginning of November The low rainfall figures during the winter of 2016 were also a major cause for concern. Table 1 below shows the initial crop estimate issued at the start of November REGIONS 2016/2017 First crop estimate Actual packed volumes Low High 2015/ / /2014 Northern Province ,730,931 4,510,726 4,083,599 Orange River ,642,605 17, ,118,961 Olifants River ,157,059 3,788,287 3,121,056 Berg River ,599,726 13,062,449 11,379,002 Hex River ,849,218 20,331,091 16,846,196 Grand Total ,979,539 59,379,279 50,548,814 Table 1: The Northern Provinces The region s production volumes looked promising at the beginning of the season, when they experienced good weather conditions. By mid-december the region s volumes were already 15.6% higher than the previous season. Between 40 mm and 100 mm rain fell during the last two weeks of 2016, which had a negative effect on the sugars of specifically Crimson Seedless. The region finished packing at the beginning of February ending their season on an all-time high with the total volume for the 2016/2017 exceeding all expectations. Orange River At the start of the season this region experienced uneven berry setting in certain areas bringing cause for some concern relating to the expected crop size. But by mid-january the region was already 33.1% ahead on the volume compared to the previous season due to many new generation varieties that came into full production. Although the region experienced some rain during the early part of 2017, producers were still positive that they would reach their target volumes. In general the season has gone well with good weather conditions and good colouring on red grapes while white seedless still dominated the crop at 66%. Olifants River Due to the drought this region saw the biggest drop in volumes (16.66%) between the 2015/2016 and the previous record year of 2014/2015. However, the vineyards seemed to have recovered well due to good winter rainfall. Farmers expected a better than normal crop with high volumes for the 2016/2017 season due to this positive outlook. However, the hot weather slowed colour development, which was the main cause of the slow packing of Flame. While the hot and dry weather conditions continued, the region experienced another setback as a water canal broke mid-way during harvesting. The lack of labour due to the season of other commodities overlapping with the table grape season further contributed to the difficulty this region experienced during the 2016/2017 harvest. Berg River At the start of the season the region s main concern was that water could become an even greater problem due to the low water reserves built up during the previous winter and the extremely low level of the ground water. The concern was also that the water shortage could affect the quality and holding ability of the grapes as stems also tend to dry out more quickly during cooling. However, the region did experience a growth in volumes that could be ascribed to the planting of new varieties that delivered higher volumes early on. With the region returning to its pre-drought conditions the bigger berries also contributed towards the bigger than expected crop, 22% higher than last season. The main increase in volume was in red and black seedless grapes. Hex River The season started off well, with good volumes. The grapes were healthy and the quality looked good in general, although the Sugraone crop was slightly lighter than expected. Weather conditions were favourable with no rain during the harvest while in general it had been a good volume year for all cultivars. Plantings of new cultivars were now coming into full production and the outlook for the season was positive. Mid-season varieties were much earlier than normal, resulting in a bit of a peak. Different varieties were ripening simultaneously, resulting in somewhat of a bottleneck in pack houses and cold storage facilities. Overall all regions performed better than expected and exceeded expectations. Table 2 illustrates the growth per region from the previous season. REGIONS 2016/ / KG EQUIVALENT CARTONS % CHANGE Northern Province 5,537,784 4,730,931 15% Orange River 20,532,515 18,642,606 10% Olifants River 3,935,220 3,157,059 24% Berg River 15,426,175 12,599,726 22% Hex River Valley 22,110,612 18,849,218 17% Grand Total 67,575,160 57,979,540 16% Table 2: Market Overview With the start of the 2016/2017 table grape season the market was very stable overall although prices in the UK were 6% down compared to the previous season. This decrease is a result of fewer organic and high end grape varieties on the market. However, the retail price in Germany increased by 8% compared to the 2015/2016 season due to a somewhat empty market. The Canadian market was also very stable with average grape prices ranging between $7.92 and $9.21 by mid-october The Canadian market was under pressure as the supply was far more than the demand due to the American season stretching nearly 3 weeks later than usual coupled with an earlier start to the Chilean season. This became evident as the average grape prices began to drop by 11% during December. Table grape stocks began piling up while cold store space in California was occupied by the late American season. Bigger consignments from Peru and Chile were sent north leading to a collapse of the Canadian market. The average price in this market fell from $9.24 per kg at the start of the season to $4.34 per kg at the end. While prices remained stable in the UK and EU markets the exchange rate became the South African producer s biggest challenge. The stronger Rand and unfavourable exchange rate became a major cause for concern and reduced producer income significantly. As volumes to the Far East almost doubled from 2.5 million 4.5 kg equivalent cartons to 4.8 million cartons prices in this market were also put under immense pressure. Volumes to Russia increased by 50% while prices dropped from $4.37 per kg in December 2016 to $1.78 per kg in May With growing volumes and limited non-tariff markets, as well as the increase in world supply with no significant increase in demand, the 2017/2018 season is looking to be another challenging one for producers and exporters. Joseph Lombardt 13

16 SATI TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN SATI VOORSITTERSVERSLAG ALGEMENE JAARVERGADERING 2017 SATI as die produsent se organisasie se primêre doelwit is om n wye keuse van winsgewende markte daar te stel en produsente toe te rus en te ondersteun om markte suksesvol, volhoubaar en winsgewend te bedien. Suksesvolle heffingsaansoek Die Nasionale Landboubemarkingsraad (NAMC) het op 22 September 2016 kennis gegee dat SATI se 4 jaar heffingsaansoek deur die Minister van Landbou goedgekeur en van toepassing is vanaf 1 Oktober 2016 tot 31 Oktober Die aanvaarding van die besigheidsplan wat aan die bedryf, NAMC en Minister van Landbou voorgelê is, bring verhoogde vlakke van befondsing mee wat SATI in staat stel om sy diensvlakke te verhoog en nuwe uitdagings die hoof te bied. Seisoensoorsig Produksie Die 67,6 miljoen kartonne wat behaal was, was nie heeltemal onverwags nie gegewe die wingerde wat geplant is sowat hektaar in totaal. Dit is die grootste oes in Suid-Afrika se geskiedenis en is 8 miljoen meer as die vorige grootste oes van 59 miljoen kartonne van twee seisoene gelede. Ons is dus nou n 65 miljoen plus bedryf. Dit is goed dat die bedryf groei. Daar is egter uitdagings wat die hoof gebied moet word. Ons doen n beroep op nasionale en provinsiale owerhede om daadwerklik aandag te gee aan inisiatiewe en programme om beskikbare water op te vang en beskikbaar te stel ten einde werksgeleenthede, wingerde en markte te beskerm waarin oor baie jare belê is. Landbou kan nie in hierdie verband afgeskeep word nie. Markte Ons het vanjaar n uitdagende wisselkoers gehad met n sterker rand vir die grootste gedeelte van die oestyd. Die markte was in die algemeen oorvoorsien met veral vroeër voorsiening vanaf Chile. Pryse was deurgaans onder druk en selfs meer uitdagend in die tweede helfte van die seisoen. Dit blyk ook dat die seisoen sporadies sy tol geëis het in die vorm van na-oes uitdagings. SATI beoog om n bedryfswye ondersoek in hierdie verband te loods en produsente, maar veral uitvoerders, word versoek om hierin saam te werk. Voor en gedurende die seisoen het SATI areawye VKM monitering daargestel om enige negatiewe impak in ons primêre markte te vermy. Ons doen weereens n beroep op produsente in alle streke om betrokke te raak by areawye monitering en behoorlike en verantwoordelike plaagbeheer. SATI Bedryfsaktiwiteite Inligtingsbestuur Die inligting vanaf AgriHub, wat daaglikse verskepingskedules, markverslae en price tracker insluit bly n onmisbare bron van inligting vir taktiese besluitneming. Willem Bestbier, SATI hoof, Bun Booyens, gasspreker, Michael Laubscher, SATI Voorsitter tydens SATI se AJV op 29 Mei, 2017 in De Doorns. Die belangrikheid van volledige en betroubare inligting, soos die stoksensus, het onder die vergrootglas gekom. Dit is egter n realiteit dat deelname nog nie volledig is nie en ek wil n vriendelike dog dringende versoek tot almal rig om moeite te maak om die sensus te voltooi. Dit is die ruggraat en fondasie van al ons beplanning. Daar is ook besluit om die wingerdstand en FCM monitering op dieselfde databasis te huisves, wat beide deur ons vennoot, Agrihub, ontwikkel is. Kommunikasie Ons bedryf is tans baie beter verteenwoordig in die SA VrugteJoernaal met ten minste drie artikels per uitgawe. Die SATI Tegniese Bulletin se formaat word ook nou deur n ander groot kommoditeitsgroep gevolg as n meer toeganklike manier van tegnologie oordrag. SATI het n leidende rol gespeel in die organisering van die Great Fruit Adventure onder die vaandel van Fruit SA. Dit is die twee Britse motorfiestryers wat binne 3 maande regoor Afrika gery het om ons stories te vertel. Die doel van die veldtog, wat deur die Britse primier Theresa May erken word, is om Britse kinders by hul skole bewus te maak dat hulle meer vars vrugte moet eet asook waar die vrugte in Afrika geproduseer word. Dit bring goeie blootstelling vir ons in die plaaslike sowel as belangrike Britse media. Marktoegang en Ontwikkeling Die grootste deurbraak in n lang tyd is gemaak met die China protokol wat versag is as gevolg van VKM navorsing wat SATI in 2015 geloods het. Dit was die hersiening van die steri protokol vir spesiale markte na plus (+) 0.8 grade C vir 20 dae versus minus (-) 0.6 grade C vir 22 dae. Soortgelyke verslappings word nou met ander lande geteiken, met Thailand aan die voorpunt. SATI se sleuteldoel is om toegang tot addisionele markte te bewerkstellig. Die meganisme hiertoe is eerstens dat nuwe bilaterale ooreenkomste tussen die regerings ooreengekom word. Ons top prioriteite hier is om 14

17 toegang tot Suid-Korea te verkry en meer kultivars as net Barlinka na Japan te verskeep. Hierdie is reeds op die prioriteitslys van ons regering geplaas en SATI werk tans hard aan die fasilitering van die nodige prosesse. Ons gaan voort met verskeie markmediasiebesoeke en ander kritiese stappe in vennootskap met Fruit SA en ander vrugtebedrywe. Transformasie Transformasie bly een van SATI se prioriteite aangesien 20% van ons heffing hierop spandeer word. Ons begin egter met transformasie binne SATI self en met trots kan ek bevestig dat SATI n suksesvolle gelyke indiensnemingsplan het, n vlak 3 BEE bydraer is en dat ons gerieflik aan die NAMC vereiste voldoen wat bepaal dat minimum 40% van senior bestuur swart moet wees (wat bruin insluit). Alle swart produsente en swart landbou spesialiste moet deel word van die hoofstroom van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tafeldruif bedryf. Daar kan nie n ons en julle wees nie. Ons almal produseer druiwe van die hoogste standaard. Dit is dus belangrik om die kundigheid waarop ons produsente staatmaak te groei. Ons studiebeurse is onlangs met 50% verhoog om n bydrae hiertoe te maak. Sakevaardighede is belangrik, dit is waarom ons buite die plaashek opleidingsprogram wat produsente inlig oor internasionale handel en die logistieke roete wat hul druiwe neem na die mark aandag geniet. Ons hou ook ons BBBEE databasis op hoogte. Daar is tans 29 BBBEE inisiatiewe wat op ongeveer hektaar boer. Ons voorkeur stokkies program geniet positiewe terugvoer waarvoor ons n bykomende 25% in 2017 bygevoeg het. Dit is vir ons n belangrike aanwyser dat ons produsente besig is met hernuwing en uitbreiding. n Hulptoonbank veral vir swart produsente, die sogenaamde Help Desk is op die been gebring. Kontak gerus vir SATI vir enige ondersteuning in hierdie verband. Alhoewel ons tans n onstabiele beleidsomgewing ervaar, aanvaar ons bedryf die transformasie uitdagings. Ons doen n beroep op kommersiële produsente om hul ondersteuning te bied terwyl die hulp van finansiële instellings onmisbaar is om bestaande en nuwe swart produsente te vestig. Opleiding Verskeie SATI opleidings-aktiwiteite het bygedra tot kapasiteitsbou en verbetering van kennis- en vaardigheidsvlakke in die SA Tafeldruifbedryf. SATI bekostig en voorsien die leerstoel in Tafeldruifkunde aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch en hanteer Tafeldruifkunde by Elsenburg. Tans is 45 BSc Agric Wingerdkunde en 4 B Agric studente by Stellenbosch Universiteit geregistreer. n Verdere 20 Hoër Sertifikaat studente is tans by Elsenburg vir die onderskeie modules ingeskryf. In 2016 het 4 nagraadse Wingerdkundestudente wat in Tafeldruifkunde spesialiseer, aan die US geregistreer, naamlik 2 PhD s en 2 MSc studente 3 van hierdie nagraadse studies fokus op SATI befondsde projekte Tafeldruifkunde sal vanjaar nog as deel van die kurrikulum van die US se Departement Wingerd- en Wynkunde evalueer word en SATI beoog om n span deskundiges saam te stel om insette hiertoe te lewer. Die Modulêre Kursus in Tafeldruifverbouing is in 2016 in De Doorns (29 bywoners) en Kakamas (10 bywoners) aangebied. Sedert die ontstaan van die program in 2001 is 550 persone reeds opgelei. Ons moedig produsente aan om meer van jul landbouwerkers te stuur om dié kursus by te woon. Navorsing en Tegnologie Ons glo dat internasionale kompeterendheid van ons bedryf al hoe meer tegnologies gedrewe word. Enkele Projekte waarmee ons besig is, word kortliks genoem: Krismiswurm : SATI het aan die begin van 2017 n projek geloods wat tot dusver n goeie begrip van die biologie bied terwyl produkte wat getoets was, belowend lyk. VKM: Soos vroeër genoem het die VKM projek, wat n jaar gelede voltooi is, reeds gelei tot die versagting van die protokol na China. Verdere navorsing fokus op biologiese beheer. Vlamsiek: Die volgende stap is om n metode te ontwikkel wat kan onderskei tussen dooie of lewendige vlamsiek genetiese materiaal. Dit is krities noodsaaklik vir enige verdere navorsing en om die effektiwiteit van die behandeling en beheer van Vlamsiek te meet, byvoorbeeld die warmwaterbehandeling van plantmateriaal. Industrie-gedrewe kultivar ontwikkeling: Die skuif na n industrie gedrewe kultivar ontwikkeling is goed op dreef. n Ooreenkoms om die plantmateriaal vanaf die LNR te ontvang is gefinaliseer en die eerste materiaal is reeds in Oktober 2016 deur Phyllis Burger van die LNR na Anthony Hill in die Hex oorgedra en geplant om daar n eerste evaluering te ondergaan. Hierna sal belowende kruisings dan gelyktydig in al 5 streke deur ko-operateurs geëvalueer word. Ons glo vas dat n plaaslik geteelde kultivar wat behoorlik plaaslik geëvalueer word vir ons bedryf die beste belegging en n groot bate is. Joybells is n goeie voorbeeld in hierdie verband. Tegnologie oordrag Vanjaar word die SATI / SAWWV inligtingsdae vanaf 14 tot 18 Augustus in Groblersdal, Kakamas en die Paarl gehou. Ons hoop om julle almal daar te sien. Bedryfstrukture waar SATI betrokke is. Fruit South Africa: Willem Bestbier dien as Voorsitter van die direksie en hier word in vennootskap met die ander vrugtebedrywe n noodsaaklike intervlak met die regering en veral DAFF gevestig. Dit verg baie moeite en energie, maar is onontbeerlik. Direksie en Bestuur SATI Direksie Die termyn van die direksie strek saam met die 4 jaar heffingsiklus. n Nuwe direksie is dus weer verkies met n paar direksielede wat nie meer dien nie. Ons bedank vir Jan le Roux, Eurica Scholtz, Altus Kirsten en Piet du Plessis vir hul jarelange bydrae tot die bedryf. Ons verwelkom die nuwe direksielede naamlik Jandré Wessels en Pieter Burger van die Bergrivier, Fanie Naude van die Hex en Willie du Plessis van die Oranjerivier. Die nuwe direksie is steeds ten volle verteenwoordigend van alle streke. Ons sien daarna uit om saam te werk en te verseker dat SATI in die regte rigting gestuur word om die uitdagings van die toekoms aan te pak. Michael Laubscher: SATI Voorsitter INDUSTRY COMMUNICATION 15

18 SATI TEGNIESE TECHNICAL BULLETIN BUN BOOYENS OOR WAT MEGABOERE SUKSESVOL MAAK Bun Booyens, aanbieder van die gewilde program Megaboere op kyknet en oud-redakteur van Die Burger en Weg, het by SATI se onlangse jaarvergadering n paar lesse gedeel wat hy dink die land se megaboere tot sukses aanspoor. Die joernalistiek is n wonderlike, interessante beroep. Sekerlik een van die lekkerste projekte waaraan ek nog gewerk het, was om die kyknet-program Megaboere te kon aanbied, want ek het die kans gekry om binne drie maande van die land se voorste landbouentrepreneurs te ontmoet en te sien hoe hul besigheid werk. Hier is van die blywende indrukke van die dertien Megaboere by wie ons verlede jaar die program gaan verfilm het: Die werf is netjies. Dis miskien n vreemde punt om heel eerste uit te sonder, maar eerste indrukke is blywend. Elk van die mense by wie ons was, se plaasopset was opvallend netjies. Elke ding het sy plek. Jy sien dit dadelik wanneer jy indraai by die hek. Iewers was daar n keerpunt. Dít was dalk vir my die interessantste. By elk van hierdie entrepreneurs was daar iewers n baie duidelike vurk in die pad, dikwels iets wat skeefgeloop het n droogte, n markprys wat iewers val of n familiesituasie. Hul besigheid het begin traksie kry toe hulle iets agtergelaat en n nuwe koers ingeslaan het. Dikwels was n krisis die katalisator. Hulle verstaan risiko. Dit was ook opvallend dat hierdie mense hul risiko s kan identifiseer, kwantifiseer en dan n sakeplan rondom dit bou meestal dan met die vertrekpunt dat dit n suboptimale jaar gaan wees, een met minder reën as die gemiddelde en laer pryse as wat almal verwag. Sorg dat jy tot Januarie kan boer sonder reën, soos een boer dit so mooi gestel het. Entrepreneurskap. Maar hiermee saam het hulle daardie rusteloosheid so kenmerkend van entrepreneurs: kap n paar blokke wingerd gou-gou uit en plant bloubessies, koop wingerdgrond in n ander streek en plant sitrus. Hulle het stelsels en tegnologie wat hulle intyds op hoogte van alles hou (en ja, die meeste van hulle het so n bietjie van n control freak in hulle). Hulle lees baie en bly by met nuwe dinge wat roer. Hulle benut die waardeketting. Hier verskil die benadering van boer tot boer. Sommige behou hul fokus op een produk melk, en dis dit en ander rek die waardeketting en diversifiseer tot selfs buite die landbou self (bv. eiendomsbeleggings in stede). Party het hul eie vloot verkoelingsvoertuie, ander kontrakteer byna als uit. By iemand soos Nick Serfontein buite Kroonstad dra sy oorspronklike plaas minder as 4% tot sy omset by die res kom nou van elders in die waardeketting, van sy abattoir en slaghuisdelis, byvoorbeeld. Gepaste emosie oor grond. Die een ding wat my nogal verras het, is dat hierdie mense minder emosioneel oor grond is as wat ek verwag het. In party gevalle die besproeiingsboere onder die Vanderkloofdam, byvoorbeeld is grond bloot n kommoditeit, iets wat sy bydrae tot die bottom line moet lewer, soos elke ander komponent van die bedryf. Grondhervorming. Glo my, ek het met n klomp boere en hul plaasmense voor in hul bakkies gery en het nie een letterlik nie n enkele ene nie teëgekom wat gekant is teen landelike bemagtiging nie. Hulle besef hoe knellend die armoede rondom hulle is. Hulle weet hul toekoms hang af van n opgevoede Die Megaboere-span tydens verfilming by die Bosmans van Adama, die stokkiesboere van Wellington. en tevrede arbeidsmag. En hulle is almal gefrustreerd met die regering se onbeholpenheid met grondrestitusie. Almal van hulle het reeds hul eie grond- en bemagtigingsprogramme op dreef: aandeelhouding, korfbesighede, behuising, winsdeling, kleuterskole, noem maar op. As dit dan nie reeds n honderd keer elders genoem is nie: landelike mense se behoeftes is nie vir grond per se nie. Hulle soek menswaardige behuising, finansiële sekerheid vir aftrede, mediese gemoedsrus en n beter toekoms vir hul kinders. Enige grondplan wat nie ook hierdie behoeftes ondervang nie, gaan waarskynlik misluk met slegte gevolge vir almal op die platteland en met minder kos op die tafel vir almal in die land. Die volgende geslag is uitgesorteer. Hulle het n plan om hul besigheid aan die volgende generasie te oorhandig en dit is in die ope. Die seun is dalk nou n rekenmeester eerder as n landboukundige en die dogter is in beheer van die laboratorium binne n groter maatskappy. Die plaasbestuurders het dikwels kwalifikasies buite die landbou. Hulle is bv. kenners op projekbestuur. Kortom, die hele opset werk op n besigheidsgrondslag. n Lang tydshorison. Ek kom uit n korporatiewe omgewing waar ons nie veel verder as die huidige boekjaar kon werk nie. Met Megaboere was dit vir my n openbaring om met mense te gesels wat projekte met n tydshorison van n dekade of selfs langer aanpak nuwe kultivars aanplant waarvoor daar nog nie n mark bestaan nie, of hul hele boerdery om te skakel na die organiese model. Wysheid uit grond. Hierdie een is moeilik om te verduidelik, maar enigiemand wat n regstreekse verbintenis met die grond het mense wat dinge plant en sien groei of diere versorg het n vorm van wysheid wat soms verlore gaan vir mense wat nie meer daardie konneksie het nie. Dit is iets kosbaars n soort dankbaarheid, nederigheid en wysheid wat jy uit die grond uit kry. Ek gaan weens ander werkverpligtinge helaas nie die volgende reeks van Megaboere kan aanbied nie, maar kan nie wag om dit te kyk nie. Wynand Dreyer en Christelle Parrott van Khaki-produksies het met Megaboere n wonderlike konsep ontwikkel, een wat vir almal plesier en moed gee! Bun Booyens Junie

19 THE SATI TEAM Willem Bestbier CEO Eunice Avenant Training Manager Lindi Benic Trade/Market Access Affairs Manager WILTON SEPTEMBER Transformation Manager Clayton Swart Communications and PR Manager Stephen Terblanche Accountant THURIA LEVY Office Administrator JOSEPH LOMBARDT Information and Knowledge Manager DAWIE MOELICH Technical and Market Access Manager TARRYN WETTERGREEN Research and Technology Transfer Manager VALENCIA WATTS Receptionist