Ethnobotanical notes on the Hill Miri tribe of Arunachal Pradesh
|
|
- Kory Armstrong
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 3(1), January 2004, pp Ethnobotanical notes on the Hill Miri tribe of Arunachal Pradesh Hui Tag* and A K Das Ethnobotanical Lab., Department of Botany, Arunachal University, Itanagar , Arunachal Pradesh Received 25 March 2003 This paper on the ethnobotanical use of plants covers an area inhabited by Hill Miri and some other tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. In all 28 species are described, which include 5 medicinal and 11 food plants; remaining 12 plants are put to various other ethnobotanical use. Keywords:Ethnobotany, Hill Miri tribe, Arunachal Pradesh, Indigenous Knowledge System. Arunachal Pradesh is a natural home of more than 4055 flowering plants out of recorded flowering plants found in Indian Subcontinent 1. This lofty mountainous state of India, popularly called a land of rising sun, spreads over a geographical area of 83,743 sq km and is largest among the northeastern states. The state has forest cover constituting 62% of the total area of 68,757 sq km, which is far above the national average. This state of the eastern Himalayas has exceedingly diverse geology, topography and climate that greatly influence its rich floral and faunal heritage. The varied climatic condition ranges from tropical to temperate to alpine zone with 80% relative humidity. It receives heavy rainfall from both northeast and southwest monsoon and favours luxuriant growth of vegetation. Arunachal Pradesh belongs to one of the top 12 mega biodiversity regions of the world 2. Being well within the biological * Correspondent author hot spot, the state is richest in terms of bioresources in India. The state is reported to harbour at least 500 species of plants of medicinal and pharmacological significance 3. A great diversity is also noticed in the demographic composition of the state. There are at least 25 major tribes and 110 subtribes inhabiting total 15 districts of Arunachal Pradesh. They have their varied age-old culture and tradition, which have been handed down from generations through folklore and powerful oral literature. The rich oral tradition forms an intricate web of indigenous knowledge system (IKS) acting as unseen guiding force to tribal lives of this state. Hill Miri is one of the major tribes of Arunachal Pradesh from Mongoloid racial stock inhabiting Lower and Upper Subansiri Districts of Arunachal Pradesh. This tribe popularly called Abotani tribe is well known for its rich traditional knowledge base relating to the use of plant and plant products for curing differ-
2 TAG & DAS: ETHNOBOTANICAL NOTES ON THE HILL MIRI TRIBE OF AP 81 ent types of diseases and ailments, and for other purposes. Agriculture is the main occupation of this tribe who practices jhum or shifting cultivation for sustenance of livelihood. They live in perfect harmony with nature and derive their minimum daily requirement from their natural surrounding. Their legends and age-old mythology have direct link with origin and conservation of floral and faunal diversity. They have their own ethics, which help them in conservation of rare and endangered species. They have good knowledge in locating flora and fauna of rare and endangered categories and they spread message to their fellow friends for its conservation. The medicinal and nonmedicinal plants used by the Hill Miri tribe are also widely used by other tribes of Arunachal Pradesh and tribes of other northeastern states. The present paper deals with plants of ethnobotanical importance, which are popularly used as food, medicine, in rituals, and other ethnobotanical significance. The information is based on preliminary ethnobotanical survey conducted during the year in 32 villages covering 200 families of Hill Miri tribe. This report is likely to pave the way for further research on potential plants for ascertaining their sophisticated use. In all, 28 species of plants belonging to different genera with the parts used as food, medicine, etc. along with their habitat, folk names and distribution are discussed. Available literature on IKS of Hill Miris and other tribes 4-12 was consulted. Ethnobotanical information given here is not recorded earlier. Plants cited here were also cross checked 13 to establish their ecological status and availability in the area covered under study. Methodology Since ethnobotanical study is entirely a field-oriented work, utmost care has been taken before, during and after field trips. Four circles of the two districts, viz. Upper and Lower Subansiri of Arunachal Pradesh of Hill Miri dominated areas were chosen for fieldwork. Areas covered are Raga, Bopi, Muri Mugli and Daporijo circles which come under the geographical location of to N latitude and E longitude. Initially in the year 2001, 32 villages of Hill Miri were chosen for ethnobotanical survey and 14 villages were brought under coverage. Prominent local resource persons were motivated and interviewed regarding ethnomedicinal use of different plant species available in their locality, countryside and deep forest. Folk tales and mythological stories narrated by the resource persons relating to plant use and conservation were collected and subsequent documentation was carefully done. The second phase of ethnobotanical survey in the Hill Miri villages was conducted during the beginning of 2002 in which 18 villages were brought under survey and same methodology was followed during the field trip as in the first trip. The collected plant specimens were verified consulting the herbarium specimen of leading research institutes of the northeast, viz. Botanical Survey of India, Itanagar, State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar, and Research Herbarium of Arunachal University. Botanical names along with vernacular name in Hill Miri,
3 82 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL 3, No. 1, JANUARY 2004 and the use of each plant have been compiled and documented. Ennumeration of Plants A brief account of collected plants, botanical names, families, local names and ethnobotanical use is given below: Alpinia nigra Gaert. (Zingiberaceae) Bugbii telli (HM)* Common in shady places, forest margin and wasteland. Leaves are used as packing material during local beer preparation. Ripe fruits are sweet in taste, eaten after removing the red cover. Ariseama consanguineum Sch. (Araceae) Biram sing (HM) Common in moist areas and in abandoned jhumland. Freshly cut stem exudes a juice. It is rubbed in the arrowhead before application of arrow poison. In doing so it is reported to slow down the process of drying of poison. Local people regard biram sing as stick of python. Aconitum ferox Wall. (Ranunculaceae) Omli (HM) Underground roots and tuber remain dormant during winter; leaves and flowers appear for a brief period of 2-3 months usually from June to August when snow starts melting. Common in snow clad areas. Underground roots and tubers are collected during summer and are used in arrow poisoning by local hunters to kill ferocious animals like wild pig and bear. Alnus nepalensis D. Don (Betulaceae) Taram sin (HM) * HM = Hill Miri name Common in secondary forest. Used as firewood and in fencing. Easily propagated by cuttings. Wood light and dries up easily. Artemisia nilagirica L. (Asteraceae) Tapen nain (HM) Common in open places and in wastelands. Young aromatic leaves are used as handkerchief during summer months; they act as disinfectant and prevent excessive sweating. Bauhinia purpurea L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Ghai sin (HM) Wood tough and durable, used as fencing material; young leaves eaten cooked. Flowering in April-May. It is a seasonal indicator to the local farmers to begin their ground clearing work in forest for traditional agricultural practices. Bambusa pallida Munro (Poaceae) Hesh (HM) Culms are used as wall, roof and rack materials in traditional hut making; young shoots are edible. Bidens pilosa Linn. (Asteraceae) Buki orh (HM) Common weed of abandoned jhumland and degraded forests. Young leaves are eaten cooked as vegetable. A notorious exotic weed in jhumland. Calamus erectus Roxb. (Arecaceae) Tar raah (HM) Leaves are used as roof materials. Stems are used as pestle for husking rice. Young dry leaves are used in arrow for keeping balance. Calicarpa arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae) Yul sin (HM)
4 TAG & DAS: ETHNOBOTANICAL NOTES ON THE HILL MIRI TRIBE OF AP 83 Bark is chewed along with leaves of Rubus hexagynus as masticatory. Wood is light, easy to dry up, good as firewood. Also used as fencing in jhumland. Carex cruciata Wall. (Cyperaceae) Tale pisir (HM) Usually grows in forest margin and open secondary forest/wasteland. Entire plant is used in local rituals. Clerodendrum colebrookeanum Walp. (Verbenacae) Potto ooh (HM) Common in forest margin and secondary forest. Leaves are eaten cooked; used to cure stomach trouble; leafy twigs when brushed over forehead cure headache. They induce sleeping when taken in large quantity; also used to reduce weight and blood pressure. Taste bitter. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon (Verbenaceae) Borta pipik (HM). Leaves are used for cure of headache by brushing around the forehead. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro (Poacaeae) Eh heroom (HM) Used as housing material, for basket making and other local handicraft items. Culm with long internodes often used as vessel for carrying water and traditional Apong (Wine). Young shoots when fermented are sour in taste, popular ingredients in local vegetable items. New shoots appear during July to August. Dalhausia bracteata Grah. (Fabaceae) Yorko kusuk (HM) Three or four leaves packed in bundles are used by tribesmen to cover the forehead, tied on with knot. Also used as wrapper for locally made cigars. Erythrina stricta L. (Fabaceae) Tagek sin (HM) The plant is used as fencing tree, also considered as guard tree by the local tribe during religious ceremony, worshiped as symbol of integrity and confidence. A seasonal indicator to local farmers to begin agricultural activity as its flowers bloom at the onset of spring. Ficus religiosa Linn. (Moraceae) Sirek sin (HM) Found in tropical and subtropical evergreen forests, capable of growing in moist as well as dry tropical forests. Resinous gum exuding from the bark is used for catching birds. Local hunters use small proproots hanging down as string of bow. The tree is revered as abode of lord of forest (Doji) who is master of jungle lives according to tribal legend. Gynocardia odorata R. Br. (Flocourtiaceae) Teek sin (HM) Occurs in dense tropical and temperate forest, also found in secondary forest margin. Fruits are used against toothache. Fruits are also a food for Himalayan civet. Traps for civet hunting are laid in the plant. Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae) Piyak (HM) A herbaceous seasonal pulse plant often grown along with paddy in jhum fields. Seeds are cooked and eaten. Hedychium coccineum Sm. (Zingiberaceae) Uii telli (HM) Young shoots are eaten raw to cure asthma and indigestion. Plants can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.
5 84 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL 3, No. 1, JANUARY 2004 Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.) (Convolvulaceae) Egin pegre (HM). Leaves are source of a vegetable; tubers are sweet when roasted or cooked, staple food among tribes. Laggera pterodonta (DC.) Sch. Bip. ex Oliver (Asteraceae) Dindo eh (HM). Local tribes use the leaves as paste in the treatment of inflammation and swelling. It is also said to have antihelminthic properties. Musa velutina Wendl. (Musaceae) Kodok sin (HM). Ripe fruits are edible. Small seeds can be swallowed. Consumption of more than 3-4 fruits may cause constipation. Not recommended for children. Phrynium capitatum Wild. (Marantaceae) Kamyir ook (HM). Broad leaves are used as packing materials for food items. Extensively used in religious ceremonies among the local tribes. Considered as holiest of plants. Rubus ellipticus Sm. (Rosaceae) Ginjek berek (HM). Fruits sweet when ripe and eaten. Smilax perfoliata Lour. (Liliaceae) Ridik teer (HM). The plant is used in ritual particularly to cure urinary troubles. Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (Ulmaceae) Yal sin (HM). Bark yields strong fibers used for tightening fence of agricultural fields. Wood is light and used in construction of platform in local houses. Viscum monoicum Roxb. (Loranthaceae) Petta techor (HM). Seeds are source of resin used to catch wild birds. Discussion From the foregoing account it is seen that the Hill Miri tribe has a very rich lore of traditional knowledge pertaining to the use of plant resources available around them. Out of 28 species described, 5 species are used as medicinal plants, 11 are used as food plants, and the remaining 12 species are put to a variety of uses. Except the two bamboo species and Ipomoea batatas and Glycine max all other plants grow in wild condition mostly in secondary forests. Bamboo species are also found to grow wild. I. batatas and G. max are usually cultivated and sometimes found as an escape. The IKS of the Hill Miris of Arunachal Pradesh presented here is however not exhaustive. More interesting and useful information on ethnobotany is likely to be revealed in course of further study. The study has revealed that the ethnobotanical knowledge is confined to older generation only. So, it is feared that with the passing of time some valuable information relating to ethnobotany of the region may be lost. So a timely documentation of the indigenous knowledge system is essential. References 1 Hajra P K, Verma D M & Giri G S (eds.) Materials for the Flora of Arunachal Pradesh, Vol. I, (Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta), (1996), 29 2 Anonymous, Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio Summit), (1992), Anonymous, Medicinal Plants of Arunachal Pradesh, State Forest Research Institute Information Bulletin, Chimpu, Itanagar, (1998), 2. 4 Kirtikar K R & Basu B D, Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. I, (Lalit Mohan Basu, M.B 49, Leaser Road, Allahabad), (1933), 47.
6 TAG & DAS: ETHNOBOTANICAL NOTES ON THE HILL MIRI TRIBE OF AP 85 5 Jain S K, Glimpse of Indian Ethnobotany, (Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Ltd., Calcutta), (1981), Hooker J D, Flora of British India, Vol. I VI, (L. Reeve & Company, 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London), ( ). 7 Haridasan K, Bhuyan L R & Deori M L, Wild Edible Plants of Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachal Forest News, 8(1&2) (1990) 4. 8 Hajra P K (ed.): A Contribution to the flora of Namdhapa, Arunachal Pradesh, (Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta), (1996) Bhuyan R L, Some commercially important medicinal plants of Northeast India, Arunachal Forest News, 18 (1&2) (2000) Murtem G, Common wild vegetable of Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachal Forest News, 18(1&2) (2000) Sarmah A, Haridarshan K & Bhist N S, Development of medicinal plants as an economic venture in Arunachal Pradesh: Prospect and Constraints, Arunachal Forest News, 18(1&2) (2000) Hajra P K & Baishya A K Nayar M P & Sastry A R K, Ethnobotanical Notes on the Miris (Mishings) of Assam Plains in: Jain S K (ed.) Contribution to Indian Ethnobotany (Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur), (1991) Nayar M P & Sastry A R K, Red Data Book of Indian Plants, Vol. I, (Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta), (1987) 352.
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM OF BUSH TEA FROM THE LOCAL PEOPLE IN VENDA
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM OF BUSH TEA FROM THE LOCAL PEOPLE IN VENDA Z.J. Rakuambo, E.S. du Toit, P. Soundy University of Pretoria, South Africa J. Olivier University of South Africa ABSTRACT The article
More informationIMPACT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON TEA PRODUCTION IN UNDIVIDED SIVASAGAR DISTRICT
International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR) ISSN (P): 2250-0057; ISSN (E): 2321-0087 Vol. 8, Issue 1 Feb 2018, 51-56 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. IMPACT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON TEA PRODUCTION
More informationTraditional fermented foods of the Naga tribes of Northeastern, India
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 6(1), January 2007, pp. 37-41 Traditional fermented foods of the Naga tribes of Northeastern, India Ashiho A Mao * & N Odyuo Botanical Survey of India, Eastern
More informationHISTORY USES AND HEALTH BENEFITS. Figure 31. Nanking cherries
nanking cherries Nanking cherries (Prunus tomentosa) are shrubs that grow from three feet up to ten feet tall with twigs that usually occupy an area twice as wide as the plant is tall. Up to 20 canes can
More informationCommon Name: ALABAMA LEATHER FLOWER. Scientific Name: Clematis socialis Kral. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: ALABAMA LEATHER FLOWER Scientific Name: Clematis socialis Kral Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Ranunculaceae (buttercup) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1
More informationCommon Name: ALABAMA WARBONNET. Scientific Name: Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff. Other Commonly Used Names: Jamesianthus
Common Name: ALABAMA WARBONNET Scientific Name: Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff Other Commonly Used Names: Jamesianthus Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Asteraceae/Compositae (aster)
More informationCommon Name: BUTTERNUT
Common Name: BUTTERNUT Scientific Name: Juglans cinerea Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: white walnut, oilnut Previously Used Scientific Names: Wallia cinerea (Linnaeus) Alefeld Family: Juglandaceae
More informationT. Anders Guttiferae. Garcinia livingstonei. LOCAL NAMES English (wild plum,wild mangosteen,low veld mangosteen); Swahili (mutumbi,mpekechu)
LOCAL NAMES English (wild plum,wild mangosteen,low veld mangosteen); Swahili (mutumbi,mpekechu) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION is a shrub or small evergreen tree to 10 m; crown dense, spreading or conical; trunk
More informationCommon Name: TRAILING MEADOWRUE. Scientific Name: Thalictrum debile Buckley. Other Commonly Used Names: southern meadow-rue
Common Name: TRAILING MEADOWRUE Scientific Name: Thalictrum debile Buckley Other Commonly Used Names: southern meadow-rue Previously Used Scientific Names: Thalictrum arkansanum Boivin, Thalictrum texanum
More informationPreviously Used Scientific Names: Helianthus X verticillatus E.E. Watson
Common Name: WHORLED SUNFLOWER Scientific Name: Helianthus verticillatus Small Other Commonly Used Names: Previously Used Scientific Names: Helianthus X verticillatus E.E. Watson Family: Asteraceae/Compositae
More informationCommon Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA. Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton. Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea
Common Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Rosaceae (rose) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1
More informationMigratory Soaring Birds Project. SEA & Wind Energy planning
Migratory Soaring Birds Project SEA & Wind Energy planning Strategic Environmental Assessment SEAs provide overall assessment and guidance to inform where specific developments could occur SEA is a key
More informationCorresponding author: Ornella K Sangma
Occurrence of Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour.) Kurz. (Apolka) in Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India Ornella K Sangma 1, Arindam Barman 2, Chinky M Marak 3 and Cheana S Sangma 4 1 PG Scholar, Department
More informationAtis (Annona Squamosa) Tea
Vol. 1 January 2012 International Peer Reviewed Journal IAMURE: International Journal of Mathematics, International Engineering Peer Reviewed & Technology Journal Atis (Annona Squamosa) Tea PAULETTE MARCIA
More informationGeorgia s Prehistoric Cultures
Georgia s Prehistoric Cultures Objective: I will be able to describe the growth of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact. B.C.-A.D. or B.C.E.-C.E.?????
More informationSOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CHERRY LAUREL (Prunus laurocerasus L.) IN TURKEY MELEKBER SULUSOGLU KOCAELI UNIVERSITY ARSLANBEY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CHERRY LAUREL (Prunus laurocerasus L.) IN TURKEY MELEKBER SULUSOGLU KOCAELI UNIVERSITY ARSLANBEY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL Prunus laurocerasus L. is an important indigenous fruit trees
More information(Boj.) Pichon Apocynaceae. Saba comorensis. LOCAL NAMES English (rubber vine); Swahili (mpira,mbungo)
LOCAL NAMES English (rubber vine); Swahili (mpira,mbungo) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION is a strong forest liana up to 20 m long on other trees. Stem lenticillate and exuding a white sticky latex when cut. Leaves
More informationLedebouria minima Plantz Africa
1 of 6 2017/02/15 02:52 PM pza.sanbi.org Introduction A dwarf ledebouria, with erect to spreading, grass-like leaves and very small bulbs, usually locally abundant, where it occurs in moist soil in grassland;
More informationCommon Name: VARIABLE-LEAF INDIAN-PLANTAIN. Scientific Name: Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torrey & Gray) H.E. Robinson. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: VARIABLE-LEAF INDIAN-PLANTAIN Scientific Name: Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torrey & Gray) H.E. Robinson Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Cacalia diversifolia
More informationGrowing Fruits. Which fruits to choose
Where to situate your fruit garden Grow your fruit plants in sunny spots in well draining soil. Test your soil ph beforehand to check that it is suitable. If your soil is unsuitable you could grow your
More informationReport on Kalahari Melon Seeds Survey - North Central Regions. By: Padelia Phillipus and Festus Kapembe, July 2009
Report on Kalahari Melon Seeds Survey - North Central Regions By: Padelia Phillipus and Festus Kapembe, July 2009 Methods for Extracting Melon Seeds: Case studies in Omuthiya, Ongha, Oshitayi and Onheleiwa
More informationPISA Style Scientific Literacy Question
PISA Style Scientific Literacy Question The dodo was a large bird, roughly the size of a swan. It has been described as heavily built or even fat. It was flightless, but is believed to have been able to
More informationOpportunities for Promoting Aromatic, Medicinal and Non-Ligneous Plants in Arid Regions in Tunisia.
Building an Enabling Environment for Increasing Investment in Sustainable Land Management through Market Access and Trade Geneva, 31 January 1 February 2007 Opportunities for Promoting Aromatic, Medicinal
More informationQuality Characteristics of Twelve Lesser Known Edible Leafy Vegetables of Wokha District of Nagaland, India
BIOSCIENCE, BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Journal homepage: www.jakraya.com/journal/bbb ORIGINAL ARTICLE Quality Characteristics of Twelve Lesser Known Edible Leafy Vegetables of Wokha District of Nagaland,
More information(Wallich) Benth. Fabaceae - Papilionoideae. Derris elliptica
LOCAL NAMES Burmese (hon); English (tuba root,derris); Fijian (nduva,duva ni vavalagi); Filipino (tugling-pula (Tagalog)); French (touba); German (Tubawurzel); Indonesian (oyod tungkul (Javanese)); Malay
More informationPost harvest management practice in disposal of cashewnut
Internationl Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics Volume 3 Issue 1 March, 2012 115-119 Research Paper Post harvest management practice in disposal of cashewnut See end of the paper
More informationCommon Name: RELICT TRILLIUM. Scientific Name: Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: RELICT TRILLIUM Scientific Name: Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Trilliaceae (Trillium) or Melanthiaceae (bunchflower)
More informationPreviously Used Scientific Names: Kalmia angustifolia var. carolina (Small) Fernald
Common Name: CAROLINA BOG LAUREL Scientific Name: Kalmia carolina Small Other Commonly Used Names: Carolina bog myrtle, Carolina wicky, Carolina lamb-kill, Carolina sheep-laurel Previously Used Scientific
More informationECONOMICS OF COCONUT PRODUCTS AN ANALYTICAL STUDY. Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-uses, grown in many states of India.
ECONOMICS OF COCONUT PRODUCTS AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Introduction Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-uses, grown in many states of India. Coconut palm is the benevolent provider of the basic
More informationConsumption of Dryland Indigenous Fruits to Improve Livelihoods in Kenya. The Case of Mwingi District.
Consumption of Dryland Indigenous Fruits to Improve Livelihoods in Kenya. The Case of Mwingi District. P. Simitu 1,2, *, R. Jamnadass 1, R. Kindt 1, J. Kungu 2, and J. Kimiywe 2 1 World Agroforestry Centre
More informationGrowing Eco-Friendly Tea in Protected Wetlands
Growing Eco-Friendly Tea in Protected Wetlands Background The Mai Pokhari wetland lies in the mid-hill ranges of the Himalayas. Located about 2,150 meters above sea level and covering an area of 90 hectares,
More informationAssessment of fonio (Digitaria exilis) as a dietary intervention in Northern Ghana
Assessment of fonio (Digitaria exilis) as a dietary intervention in Northern Ghana By AFRAM YAYRA NUS CONFERENCE PRESENTATION - 26/09/13 1 ORDER OF PRESENTATOIN INTRODUCTION. IMPORTANCE OF FONIO. USES
More informationLesser Known Ethnomedicinal Plants of Alagar Hills, Madurai District of Tamil Nadu, India
Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 1426-33, 2009. Lesser Known Ethnomedicinal Plants of Alagar Hills, Madurai District of Tamil Nadu, India S. Karuppusamy*, G. Muthuraja and K.M. Rajasekaran Department of Botany,
More informationHochst. Euphorbiaceae. Croton sylvaticus
LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (boskoorsbessie); English (woodland croton,forest fever berry); Xhosa (umfeze,umagwaqane); Zulu (umzilanyoni,umhloshazane,ugebeleweni,indulambahlozi) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Croton sylvaticus
More informationAvailable online at International Journal of Current Research Vol. 7, Issue, 03, pp , March, 2015
z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com International Journal of Current Research Vol. 7, Issue, 03, pp.13524-13528, March, 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH
More informationGeorgia and the American Experience. Georgia and the American Experience Chapter 3: The Land And Its Early People
Slide 1 Georgia and the American Experience Chapter 3: The Land And Its Early People Study Presentation Slide 2 Georgia and the American Experience Section 1: How Did We Learn About the Earliest Peoples?
More informationPlant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II
Botanical Name: Pinus ponderosa Common Name: ponderosa pine, western yellow pine Family Name: Pinaceae pine family Plant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II General Description: As the botanical and
More informationCheed. Himtourism.com
Cheed Chil Pinus roxburghii It is a tall tree, with grey bark found between 1000-2000m. Branches whorled, dimorphic. Leaves, 10-20 cm long in fascicles of 5, bluish to grayish-green, drooping. Seeds winged
More informationCommon Name: RADFORD S SEDGE. Scientific Name: Carex radfordii L.L. Gaddy. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: RADFORD S SEDGE Scientific Name: Carex radfordii L.L. Gaddy Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Cyperaceae (sedge) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1? State Legal
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations. Chapter I Introduction 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations Chapter I Introduction 1 1.2. Significance of the Study 4 1.3. Statement of the Problem 5 1.4. Objective of the Study 6 1.5. Hypothesis
More informationSummary Report Survey on Community Perceptions of Wine Businesses
Summary Report Survey on Community Perceptions of Wine Businesses Updated August 10, 2018 Conducted by Professors David McCuan and Richard Hertz for the Wine Business Institute School of Business and Economics
More informationEthnobotany. Lecture 17
Ethnobotany. Lecture 17 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University February 25, 2013 Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 17 February 25, 2013 1 / 34 Outline 1 Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 17 February
More informationObservations of the Baka huntergatherers in two controlled foraging trips in the tropical rainforest of southeastern Cameroon
Observations of the Baka huntergatherers in two controlled foraging trips in the tropical rainforest of southeastern Cameroon Hiroaki SATO, Kyohei KAWAMURA, Koji HAYASHI, Hiroyuki INAI, Taro YAMAUCHI Aim
More informationPreviously Used Scientific Names: Cypripedium daultonii Soukop (nomen nudum), C. furcatum Rafinesque.
Common Name: SOUTHERN LADY S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium kentuckiense C.F. Reed Other Commonly Used Names: Kentucky lady s-slipper, ivory-lipped lady s-slipper Previously Used Scientific Names:
More informationTwo Palms with Surprising Qualities
Two Palms with Surprising Qualities JEAN-MICHEL DUPUYOO Jardin d Oiseaux Tropicaux Conservatoire Biologique Tropical 83250 La Londe-les-Maures France jmdupuyoo@yahoo.fr 1. Heterospathe uniformis growing
More informationCommon Name: AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH
Common Name: AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH Scientific Name: Sorbus americana Marshall Other Commonly Used Names: American rowan Previously Used Scientific Names: Pyrus microcarpa (Pursh) Sprengel, Pyrus americana
More informationCeiba pentandra Kopok tree, Silk-cotton tree
Ceiba pentandra Kopok tree, Silk-cotton tree By Isabel Zucker Ta Prohm, Cambodia Largest known specimen in Lal Bagh Gardens in Bangalore, India. http://scienceray.com/biology/botany/amazing-trees-from-around-the-world-the-seven-wonder-trees/
More informationCommon Name: FLORIDA TORREYA. Scientific Name: Torreya taxifolia Arnott. Other Commonly Used Names: stinking-cedar, gopherwood
Common Name: FLORIDA TORREYA Scientific Name: Torreya taxifolia Arnott Other Commonly Used Names: stinking-cedar, gopherwood Previously Used Scientific Names: Tumion taxifolium (Arnott) Greene Family:
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences UNDERUTILISED FRUITS: A POTENTIAL OF LOCAL FOOD RESOURCE ABSTRACT
Research Article Botany International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 0975-6299 UNDERUTILISED FRUITS: A POTENTIAL OF LOCAL FOOD RESOURCE SRIVASTAVA R.* Experimental Botany Lab, Department of Botany
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 5, 2016,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 5, 2016, 2959 2965 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) NUTRACEUTICAL USAGE OF WILD EDIBLE PLANTS AMONG THE GARO TRIBE OF MEGHALAYA,
More informationEthnobotany. Lecture 6
Ethnobotany. Lecture 6 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University January 23, 2013 Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 6 January 23, 2013 1 / 35 Outline 1 Starch-containing plants Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatos
More informationL Hérit. ex DC. Fabaceae - Papilionoideae. Pterocarpus santalinoides
LOCAL NAMES French (ouokisse); Hausa (gyadar kurmi,gunduru); Igbo (nturukpa); Yoruba (gbengbe) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Pterocarpus santalinoides is a tree 9-12 m tall, 1 m DBH, with low straggling branches.
More informationConverse County Conservation District
Converse County Conservation District Perennial Info Sheet Lanceleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata Description: A clump forming perennial plant, with bright yellow, 1-2 inch diameter flowers forming from
More informationHeyne ex Roth Combretaceae. Terminalia alata. laurel, Indian laurel
LOCAL NAMES Burmese (taukyan); English (laurel,indian laurel); Hindi (sadora,piasal,usan,amari,karimaridi); Lao (Sino-Tibetan) (suak 'mon,suak kieng,suak dam); Nepali (saj,asna); Thai (hok fa); Trade name
More informationAncient Civilizations of North America. Prof. Ruthie García Vera Historia de Estados Unidos
Ancient Civilizations of North America Prof. Ruthie García Vera Historia de Estados Unidos Three groups dominate the oldest period of North American prehistory: The Hohokam The Anasazi The Mound Builders
More informationThe common part of the two nature trails (from Baths of Aphrodite to Pyrgos tis Rigaenas)
The common part of the two nature trails (from Baths of Aphrodite to Pyrgos tis Rigaenas) 1. CAROB TREE Ceratonia siliqua. Carob, Olive, and Lentisk are old species which survived the ice ages from Tertiary
More informationCommon Name: GEORGIA ROCKCRESS. Scientific Name: Arabis georgiana Harper. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: GEORGIA ROCKCRESS Scientific Name: Arabis georgiana Harper Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Brassicaceae/Cruciferae (mustard) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1
More information7th Grade US History Standard #7H117 Do Now Day #17
Course: US History/Ms. Brown Homeroom: 7th Grade US History Standard #7H117 Do Now Day #17 Aims: SWBAT read and analyze a map locating representative Native American populations SWBAT compare how geography
More informationCommon Name: PONDSPICE
Common Name: PONDSPICE Scientific Name: Litsea aestivalis (Linnaeus) Fernald Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Laurus aestivalis Linnaeus, Litsea geniculata (Walter) G.
More informationPHYSIC NUT. (Jatropha curcas) enabling deployment of underutilized species. Global Facilitation Unit. for Underutilized Species
Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species PHYSIC NUT (Jatropha curcas) enabling deployment of underutilized species What is Physic Nut and where does it come from? Also known as Barbados nut,
More informationTransmission of an established geographical indication of spirit drinks
Ref. Ares(2017)6324190-21/12/2017 Transmission of an established geographical indication of spirit drinks Vilniaus džinas/vilnius Gin EU No: PGI-LT-02030 Submitted On 21-12-2017 PGI 1. TECHNICAL FILE 1.1.
More informationSm. Ericaceae. Rhododendron arboreum. chalan. LOCAL NAMES English (rose tree,rhododendron); Nepali (lali gurans); Trade name (chalan)
LOCAL NAMES English (rose tree,rhododendron); Nepali (lali gurans); Trade name () BOTANIC DESCRIPTION is one of the most stately and impressive rhododendron species. It is extremely variable in stature,
More informationTAXONOMY Plant Family. Species. Scientific Name GENERAL INFORMATION
Plant Propagation Protocol for Lupinus amphibius ESRM 412 Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/luam2.pdf 3 TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Common
More informationREDUCTION OF DIPLYCOSIA INDICA (2009) TO GAULTHERIA AKAENSIS (2006) (ERICACEAE)
Panda, S., J.L. Reveal, and M. Sanjappa. 2012. Reduction of Diplycosia indica (2009) to Gaultheria akaensis (2006). Phytoneuron 2012-35: 1 7. Published 23 April 2012. ISSN 2153 733X REDUCTION OF DIPLYCOSIA
More informationJapanese Knotweed Red Winged Blackbird
Japanese Knotweed Red Winged Blackbird Emerald Ash Borer White Ash Tree Asian Long Horned Beetle Maple Tree I am a beautiful songbird native to North America. I live in marine and freshwater wetlands and
More informationPlant Propagation Protocol for Thermopsis gracilis ESRM 412 Native Plant Production Spring Thermopolis gracilis Howell (THGR6)
Plant Propagation Protocol for Thermopsis gracilis ESRM 412 Native Plant Production Spring 2015 Thermopolis gracilis Howell (THGR6) Thermopsis gracilis Howell var. gracilis Thermopsis gracilis Howell var.
More informationEthnobotany. Lecture 4
Ethnobotany. Lecture 4 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University January 16, 2013 Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 4 January 16, 2013 1 / 39 Outline 1 Main food source plants: grains Oat Rice 2 Indian
More informationGLOSSARY Last Updated: 10/17/ KL. Terms and Definitions
GLOSSARY Last Updated: 10/17/2017 - KL Terms and Definitions Spacing 4ETa Zone(s) Background Drill Elevation Climate Soil Ecoregion 4 Recommended base spacing between containerized, cutting, plug or sprig
More informationProf. Ruthie García Vera Historia de Estados Unidos. Ancient Cultures of North America
Prof. Ruthie García Vera Historia de Estados Unidos Ancient Cultures of North America Three groups dominate the oldest period of North American prehistory: The Hohokam The Anasazi The Mound Builders *the
More informationPreviously Used Scientific Names: Clinopodium ashei (Weatherby) Small, Satureja ashei Weatherby
Common Name: ASHE S SAVORY Scientific Name: Calamintha ashei (Weatherby) Shinners Other Commonly Used Names: Ohoopee wild basil, Ashe s calamint, Ashe s wild savory Previously Used Scientific Names: Clinopodium
More informationCommon Name: GEORGIA ALDER. Scientific Name: Alnus maritima (Marshall) Muhlenberg ex Nuttall ssp. georgiensis Schrader & Graves
Common Name: GEORGIA ALDER Scientific Name: Alnus maritima (Marshall) Muhlenberg ex Nuttall ssp. georgiensis Schrader & Graves Other Commonly Used Names: seaside alder Previously Used Scientific Names:
More informationPRODUCTION AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF CARDAMOM IN INDIA
PRODUCTION AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF CARDAMOM IN INDIA Dr.R.Govindasamy Guest Lecturer, Department of Economics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore Abstract Cardamom is generally produced in the tropical
More informationPlant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II
Plant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II Botanical Name: Abies concolor Common Name: white fir Family Name: Pinaceae pine family General Description: Plants in the genus Abies (fir) do best in the
More informationOutline. Improving Cardamom production through the spraying of sugar rich solutions at Cardamom flowering stage
Improving Cardamom production through the spraying of sugar rich solutions at Cardamom flowering stage EFICAS workshop, Monday, March 27th 2017, Luang Prabang Outline Understanding Cardamom boom in northern
More informationof where they lived. However, the Sioux rarely stayed in one place. They were nomadic. They moved where and when the buffalo moved.
The Plains Indians The land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains was once known as the Great Plains. In the summer, the temperature often went above 100 degrees. The area usually flooded
More informationDragon Fruit - Hylocereus undatus
Banana / Papaya / Mango / Passion fruit / Pineapple / Rambutan / Wood-apple / Avo cado / Grapes / Durian / Pomegranate / Carambola / Amberalla / Sweet Orange / Water Melon / Grape fruit / Guava / Mangosteen
More informationChapter 3 PERFORMANCE OF SPICES TRADE IN INDIA AND KERALA
Chapter 3 PERFORMANCE OF SPICES TRADE IN INDIA AND KERALA India occupies a prominent position in the world spice trade. In the estimated world trade of species of 8,50,000 tonnes valued at US$ 2,200 millions,
More informationFlowering Plants and Civilization
Flowering Plants and Civilization Coffee The most commonly drunk food in the world. 350 million cups per day Where does it come from? Originally from Ethiopia. Now mostly cultivated in Brazil and Columbia.
More informationSWAMP MILKWEED. Asclepias incarnata
SWAMP MILKWEED Asclepias incarnata Description Swamp milkweed is a native, perennial, wildflower with fragrant, showy pink flowers. It gets its common name from its white sap. Habitat Swamp milkweed is
More informationBauhinia x blakeana Family: Fabaceae Hong Kong Orchid
Stephen H. Brown, Horticulture Agent Lee County Extension, Fort Myers, Florida (239) 533-7513 brownsh@ufl.edu http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/hort/gardenhome.shtml Bauhinia x blakeana Family: Fabaceae Hong Kong
More informationA. Definition: Study of how people use plants.
I. A. Definition: Study of how people use plants. I. B. Plant Use Categories: 1. Structure & wood 2. Medicine 3. Food from seeds, fruit, flowers, stems & buds I. B. Plant Use Categories: 4. Fiber 5. Beverages
More informationPreviously Used Scientific Names: Ophrys smallii (Wiegand) House, Listera reniformis Small
Common Name: APPALACHIAN TWAYBLADE Scientific Name: Listera smallii Wiegand Other Commonly Used Names: kidney-leaf twayblade, Small s twayblade Previously Used Scientific Names: Ophrys smallii (Wiegand)
More informationPreviously Used Scientific Names: Portulaca teretifolia ssp. cubensis (Urban) Ortega
Common Name: GRIT PORTULACA Scientific Name: Portulaca biloba Urban Other Commonly Used Names: grit purslane Previously Used Scientific Names: Portulaca teretifolia ssp. cubensis (Urban) Ortega Family:
More information(Mol.) Ktz. Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae. Caesalpinia spinosa. LOCAL NAMES English (wattle,chestnut); Spanish (tara,quebracho,huarango,guaranga)
LOCAL NAMES English (wattle,chestnut); Spanish (tara,quebracho,huarango,guaranga) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Caesalpinia spinosa is a shrub or small tree up to 5 m high with reflexed prickles along its spreading
More informationUnit E: Fruit and Nut Production. Lesson 6: Production of Pomegranate
Unit E: Fruit and Nut Production Lesson 6: Production of Pomegranate 1 Terms Aril 2 I. Punica granatum is commonly referred to as pomegranate. A. The pomegranate originated in areas around Afghanistan
More informationThe First Americans. You didn t discover it, we were already here.
The First Americans You didn t discover it, we were already here. 9/3/2015 Template copyright 2005 www.brainybetty.com 2 Primary and Secondary Sources Primary Source: An original, first hand account created
More informationRESULTS OF THE MARKETING SURVEY ON DRINKING BEER
Uri Dahahn Business and Economic Consultants RESULTS OF THE MARKETING SURVEY ON DRINKING BEER Uri Dahan Business and Economic Consultants Smith - Consulting & Reserch ltd Tel. 972-77-7032332, Fax. 972-2-6790162,
More informationIMPORTATION OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA
IMPORTATION OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTNER (WATERLILY, LOTUS) AS ROOTS FROM EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS AND NICARAGUA INTO THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Risk Assessment
More informationperennial fruits actinidia HARDY KIWIS, KIWI BERRIES, BOWER VINE AND SILVER VINE
perennial fruits actinidia HARDY KIWIS, KIWI BERRIES, BOWER VINE AND SILVER VINE Hardy kiwis are cold hardy vines native to eastern Asia. There are multiple species that grow from southern China to the
More informationPsa and Italian Kiwifruit Orchards an observation by Callum Kay, 4 April 2011
Psa and Italian Kiwifruit Orchards, 2011 The Psa-research programme in New Zealand draws on knowledge and experience gained from around the world particularly in Italy, where ZESPRI, Plant & Food Research
More informationCOMMODITY PROFILE SOYBEAN
COMMODITY PROFILE SOYBEAN The soybean or soya bean (Glycine max) is known as the Golden Bean of the 20 th century. Though Soybean is a legume crop, it is classed as an oilseed rather than a pulse. It is
More informationOther Commonly Used Names: Fremont s virgins-bower, Fremont s clematis, Fremont s curly-heads
Common Name: FREMONT S LEATHER FLOWER Scientific Name: Clematis fremontii S. Watson Other Commonly Used Names: Fremont s virgins-bower, Fremont s clematis, Fremont s curly-heads Previously Used Scientific
More informationThe pineapple looks very similar to the pinecone, very popular all over the world for its sweet and tart flavour.
Pineapple Assorted Ananas comosus; Ananas bracteatus Common names Pineapple, Ananas, Nanas, Pina. Origin The pineapple is native to southern Brazil and Paraguay where wild relatives occur. It was spread
More informationSustainable Cultural Development of Ethnic Tea Garden Workers, Bangladesh
119 THAAP Journal 2015: Culture, Art & Architecture of the Marginalized & the Poor Sustainable Cultural Development of Ethnic Tea Garden Workers, Bangladesh Shaila Islam and Istiaque Ahmed Introduction
More informationGROUNDNUTS MATOKE PLANTAIN WILD POTATO OKRA CASSAVA
MAIZE GROUNDNUTS MATOKE PLANTAIN WILD POTATO OKRA CASSAVA BITTER MELON YAM SWEET POTATO MAIZE GROUNDNUTS MATOKE PLANTAIN WILD POTATO OKRA CASSAVA BITTER MELON YAM SWEET POTATO MAIZE GROUNDNUTS MATOKE PLANTAIN
More informationfollowed animals from Asia.
Native American Tribes Study Guide Test: JACOBS: Friday, October 1 st REYOR: Tuesday, October 5 th. Name: Date: Vocabulary Migration: moving from one region to another. Ancient Americans migrated to North
More information(Forssk.) Edgew. Capparidaceae. Capparis decidua
LOCAL NAMES Arabic (tundub,sodad,murkheit,kursan); French (caprier sans feuilles,caprier); Hindi (karir,karil); Somali (meringa) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Capparis decidua is a bushy shrub in dense tufts, 4-5
More informationCOMMISSION REGULATION (EU)
24.4.2010 Official Journal of the European Union L 104/45 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 353/2010 of 23 April 2010 approving minor amendments to the specification for a name entered in the register of protected
More informationPRUNUS AMERICANA (ROSACEAE) IN THE ARKANSAS FLORA
Johnson, G.P. 2013. Prunus americana (Rosaceae) in the Arkansas flora. Phytoneuron 2013-33: 1 5. Published 20 May 2013. ISSN 2153 733X PRUNUS AMERICANA (ROSACEAE) IN THE ARKANSAS FLORA GEORGE P. JOHNSON
More informationIntegrated Pest Management for Nova Scotia Grapes- Baseline Survey
Integrated Pest Management for va Scotia Grapes- Baseline Survey This is a collaborative research project between the Hillier lab at Acadia University and GGANS/WANS to investigate potential insect threats
More information