Greenhouse and field evaluation of rapeseed cultivars and lines for resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

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1 Jurnal f Oilseed Brassica July 0 4(): Greenhuse and field evaluatin f rapeseed cultivars and lines fr resistance against Sclertinia sclertirum (Lib.) de Bary Alireza Dalili Department f plant prtectin Agricultural and Natural Resurces Researches Center f Mazandaran P. O. Bx Sari Iran Crrespnding authr: ar_dalili@yah.cm (Received: 0 Feb 0; Revised: 6 April 0; Accepted: 8 May 0) Abstract Sclertinia stem rt (SSR) f rapeseed caused by Sclertinia sclertirum (Lib) de Bary is ne f the mst imprtant disease f rapeseed- mustard causing significant lsses in bth quality and quantity f seed. In recent years the disease has becme very serius in nrthern Iran. In present investigatin rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) gentypes were evaluated fr their reactin against SSR under greenhuse and field cnditins. The results f green huse study recrded disease index (DI) f and 56. respectively in gentypes RGS00 HAYOLA 40 SARIGOL RASOPT and ZAR40. Gentypes9SAR RGOPT RG40 and RW9 recrded cnsiderably higher DI and 6.9 respectively. Under field cnditins gentypes RASOPT HAYOLA 40 RGS00 SARIGOL and ZAR40als shwed lwest infectin percent f and.5 respectively while RGSAR RW9 RG40 and 9SAR- gentypes prved t be mre susceptible t SSR. Reactin f ur study shwed similar reactin f all gentypes under bth greenhuse and field cnditins. Key wrds: Sclertinia sclertirum rapeseed disease incidence tlerant Intrductin Sclertinia stem rt (SSR) caused by Sclertinia sclertirum (Lib) de Bary is ne f the mst imprtant disease f rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) respnsible fr causing significant lsses f seed yield in the wrld (Zha et al. 004). Sclertinia sclertirum is ne f the mst nn- hst-specific plant pathgen (Purdy 979) infecting ver 400 species f plants in 75 different families (Bland and Hall 994). Several imprtant cntrl measures including cultural bilgical and chemical have been develped but use f resistance t SSR will be mst useful when applied in cmbinatin with ther cultural means (Garg et al. 008). T btain SSR resistant r tlerant gentypes t SSR in ilseed rape ilseed Brassica breeders have been using bth mrphlgical (Li et al. 006) and physilgical (Dng et al. 008) characters f the hst gentypes. Results f several researchers reprted cnsiderable differences in reactin between rapeseed cultivars and hybrids (Bailey 987; Bardley et al. 006; Grag et al. 00; Lie et al. 006; Lie et al. 009; Sedun et al. 989; Zha et al. 004). The sclertinia stem rt f rapeseed is a very serius disease in nrthern Iran. The present investigatin was under taken B. napus gentypes fr their reactin against SSR under greenhuse and field cnditins. Material and Methds Fungal islatin Sclertinia stem rt- infected plant samples were cllected frm Mazandaran Prvince in nrthern Iran during Pieces f infected plant after surface sterilizatin in 0.8% sdium hypchlrite fr min. were placed n PDA plates and incubated at ± ºÑ in darkness fr fur days. The cultures were purified using hyphal tip culture technique maintained n PDA at 4±ºÑ and used fr inculating gentypes in the greenhuse.

2 6 Evaluatin f rapeseed gentypes resistance t S. sclertirum in greenhuse Eleven rapeseed lines and cultivar were btained frm the seed and plant imprvement Institute f Iran. Fr planting plastic pts were filled with autclaved sandy lam sil. The experiment was perfrmed in a randmized cmplete design with three replicatins. The inculatin was carried ut using technique f Lewartwska et al. (994) where stems at 0 cm abve the sil level were inculated at flwering stage with wheat grains vergrwn with mycelium f S. sclertirum; infected grains were DI = cvered with mist cttn and attached t stem with parafilm. Fr each line r cultivar 9 inculated and 9 nn inculated cntrl plants frm replicatins were used. Disease incidence and intensity were recrded - weeks after artificial inculatin using rating frm 0 (n stem disclratin) t 5 (disclratin sclertia premature ripening f the whle plant and lw seed prductin). Numerical values f and 5 respectively were assigned t - 5 rating and the disease index (DI) was calculated fllwing the frmula f (Dueck et al. 98). Data were analyzed were perfrmed using MS-Excel and MSTAT-C prgram. (.5 * Y ) (.5 * Y ) (.75 * Y 4) (5 * Y 5) Ttal f plants * 0.05 DI: disease index: Y Y Y4 and Y5: number f plants with scre t 5 respectively Field evaluatin f rapeseed gentypes resistance t S. sclertirum The B. napus gentypes were evaluated in randmized cmplete blck design with three replicatins in sclertia infested sil at Biekl Agriculture Research Statin Neka Iran during 0- in plt cnsisting f fur rws f 5 m length. Crp management practices including land %Q = preparatin crp rtatin fertilizer and weed cntrl were fllwed as recmmended the fr lcal area. Based n the percent disease incidence and intensity the mean degree f infectin was calculated fllwing the frmula f Krüger(98) and analyses were perfrmed using MS-Excel and MSTAT-C. ( n * 0) ( n *0) ( n * 0)...( n *00) n Q= degree f infectin: n=number f assessed plants: 0 t 00=% 0f plant affected Results and Discussin Evaluatin f rapeseed gentypes resistance t S. sclertirum in greenhuse Cmparisn f disease index demnstrated existence f significant differences (P<0.0) between B. napus gentypes (Table ). Table. Analysis f variance fr disease index fr rapeseed gentypes in greenhuse KValue ns Surce Degrees f Freedm Sum f Squares Replicatin Gentypes Errr Ttal : N significant : Significant at % prbability level Cefficient f Variatin: 8.56% ** Mean Squares FValue ns **

3 The results shwed that gentype RGS00 had the lwest (5.8) and gentype 9SAR- the highest (69.4) disease index; RGOPT and RASRG althugh had disease index f 66.7 and 67. respectively the differences were statistically nt significant frm 9SAR- (Fig ). 6 Field evaluatin f rapeseed gentypes resistance t S. sclertirum Field evaluatin demnstrated significant (p<0.0) differences in mean degree f infectin between rapeseed gentypes (Table ). Results shwed that RASPOT HAYOLA 40 and RGS00 gentypes had significantly lwer mean degree f infectin 5.8 and respectively (Fig ). Statistically RASPOT was significantly mre resistant t S. sclertirum than all ther gentypes. The gentypes RW9 and RG40 with mean degree f infectin 0 and 9 respectively were fund t be significantly mre susceptible than mst ther gentypes. Fig. Mean cmparisn f disease index in different gentypes f rapeseed t SSR in the greenhuse In ur greenhuse evaluatin studies nne f line rapeseed gentypes shwed cmplete resistance t S.sclertirum. The gentypes hwever differed significantly in their reactin t SSR. Researcher Table. Analysis f variance fr infectin degree in rapeseed gentypes under field cnditin KValue Surce Degrees f Freedm Sum f Squares Mean Squares FValue Replicatin Gentype ns ** Errr _ ns ** : N significant; : Significant at % prbability level ; Cefficient f Variatin:.88% frm Australia china and France reprted partially resistant t SSR in B. napus lines (Li et al. 006 Li et al. 009 Zha et al. 004). Zha and Meng (00) have reprted t have identified the lci was assciated with partial resistance t S. sclertirum in rapeseed. Newman and Bailey (987) als reprted absence f cmplete resistance t SSR in rapeseed cultivars. Bardley et al. (006) bserved absence f cmplete resistance against S.sclertirum in canla gentypes althugh significances differences between gentypes were bserved. Fig. Mean cmparisn f degree f infectin in different gentypes f rapeseed under field cnditin Kht et al.(0) reprted reactin f B. napus and 698 similar t that f the partially resistance check cultivar Hayla 57. Li et al. (009) in their field

4 64 evaluatin studies in Western Australia reprted significant differences amng 95 B. napus and B. juncea gentypes fr their reactin against S. sclertirum. Garg et al. (00) evaluated several Brassica gentypes fr their reactin against S. sclertirum and als reprted cmplete althugh partial resistance in sme was bserved. Dalili et al. (004) in their tw years filed evaluatin studies f 5 rapeseed gentypes reprted cultivars Fset and Ebni with the lwest and highest susceptibility DI f and respectively. Fernand and Wu (00) fund rapeseed cultivar Zhngyu 8 t be highly tlerant cmpared cultivar Wester fr their reactin against SSR. References Bailey DJ Screening fr resistance t Sclertinia sclertirum in ilseed rape using detached leaves. Tests Agrchem Cult 8: 5-5. Bland GJ and Hall R.994. Index f plant hsts f Sclertinia sclertirum. Can J Plant Pathl 6: Bradley CA Hensn RA Prter PM LeGare DG del Ri LE and Kht SD Respnse f canla cultivars t Sclertinia sclertirum in cntrlled and field envirnments. Plant Dis 90: 5-9. Dalili SA Alavi SV and Arab G. 004.Evaluatin f relative resistance f rapeseed cultivars and lines t sclertinia stem rt and islatin f the casual agent. Seed and Plant Imprvement J 0: 5-4. Dng C Liu Y Hu Q and Liu S Expressing a gene encding wheat xalate xidase enhances resistance t Sclertinia sclertirum in ilseed rape (Brassica napus). Planta 8: -40 Dueck J Mrrall RAA and McKenzie DL. 98. Cntrl f Sclertinia sclertirum in rapeseed with fungicides. Can J Plant Pathl 5:89-9. D n g X J i R G u X Fernand WGD and Wu J. 00. Develpment f greenhuse prcedure t screen fr tlerance in canla. Phytpathlgy 9: S8. Garg H Atri Chhaya Sandhu PS Kaur B Rentn M Banga SK Singh H Singh C Barbetti MJ and Banga SS. 00. High level f resistance Sclertinia sclertirum in intrgressin lines derived frm hybridizatin between wild crucifers and the crp Brassica species B. napus and B. juncea. Field Crps Res 7:5-58. Garg H Sivasithamparam K Banga SS and Barbetti MJ Ctyledn assay as a rapid and reliable methd f screening fr resistance against Sclertinia sclertirum in Brassica napus gentypes. Austral Plant Pathl 7:06. Kht SD Bilgi VN del Ri LE and Bardley CA. 0. Identificatin f Brassica napus lines with partial resistance t Sclertinia sclertirum. On line. Plant Health Prgress di:0.094/ PHP RS. Krüger W. 98. Oilseed rape. Pests and diseases. Semund Hamburg.9pp. Lewartwska E Jedryczka U and Frencel L The methds f winter ilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) resistance evaluatin against Sclertinia sclertirum (Lib) debary. IV Sympsium n plant immunity t diseases and Pests. Dbrich Bulgaria. Plant Sci Li CX Li H Sivasithamparam K Fu TD Li YC Liu SY and Barbetti MJ Expressin f field resistance under Western Australian cnditins t Sclertinia sclertirum in Chinese and Australian Brassica napus and Brassica juncea germplasm and its relatin with stem diameter. Austral J Agric Res 57:-5. Li CX Liu SY Sivasithamparam K and Barbetti MJ New surces f resistance t Sclertinia stem rt caused by Sclertinia sclertirum in Chinese and Australian Brassica napus and B. juncea germplasm screened under Western Australian cnditins. Australasian Plant Pathl 8: Newman PL and Bailey DJ Screening fr resistance t Sclertinia sclertirum in ilseed rape in the glasshuse. Tests Agrchem. Cult. 8:50-5. t

5 Purdy LH Sclertinia sclertirum: histry diseases and symptmatlgy hst range gegraphic distributin and impact. Phytpathlgy 69: Sedun FS Seguin-Swartz G and Rakw GFW Genetic variatin in reactin t Sclertinia stem rt in Brassica species. Can J Plant Sci 69: Zha J and Meng J. 00. Genetic analysis f lci assciated with partial resistance t Sclertinia sclertirum in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Ther Appl Genet 06: Zha J Peltier AJ Meng J Osbrn TC and Grau CR Evaluatin f Sclertinia stem rt resistance in ilseed Brassica napus using a petile inculatin technique under greenhuse cnditins. Plant Dis 88:0-09.