NORTH CAROLINA TOBACCO 2000

Transcription

1 NORTH CAROLINA MEASURED CROP PERFORMANCE TOBACCO 2000 D. T. Bowman A. Glenn Tart Official Variety Testing Department ofcrop Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MAP 7 VARIETY DESCRIPTION WEATHER GRAPHS TABLES Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Cultural practices for the Official Variety Test, Comparison of certain varieties in Official Variety Trials across three years ( ) 25 Comparison of certain varieties in Official Variety Trials across two years ( ).. 26 Ratings for leaf ripening, holding ability, curability, and mechanical harvesting ability for selected commercial varieties.. 27 Table 5. Summary information on disease resistance, Table 6. Comparison of varieties for certain characteristics "for three locations, Table 7-9. Individual location data, Table Comparison of advanced breeding lines Table 15. Pedigrees of entries in the 2000 Official Variety Test

3 INTRODUCTION l American flue-cured tobacco is known worldwide for its unique smoking qualities. The Flue-Cured Tobacco Minimum Standards Program was initiated in 1964 to ensure that released varieties have acceptable agronomic, physical, chemical and smoke characteristics. The North Carolina Official Variety Trials for flue-cured tobacco are conducted annually to provide information to growers and the tobacco industry on performance of varieties that have passed the Minimum Standards Program and may be available to the growers in North Carolina. Breeding lines are also included as a first step in advancing these potential varieties through the Minimum Standards Program. The Acreage-Poundage Program tends to encourage quality of flue-cured tobacco by limiting the production in terms of pounds per acre. varieties contribute substantially to leaf quality and should be carefully selected by the grower. Therefore, this bulletin has been written with emphasis on the quality of various varieties that are available to tobacco growers. Data are presented for three, two years and one year over all locations and by location in this bulletin. Growers are cautioned to examine data from two and three-year tables prior to selection of a variety to grow on their farms. They are also encouraged to grow a small acreage of the new variety rather than the whole crop at once. ITechnical assistance by Ken Barnes, John Denton, Phil Johnson, Dwight Parrish, and Jane Dove Long are gratefully acknowledged.

4 2 The Official Variety Trials consist of small replicated plots located on four research stations. The Regional Minimum Standards Program evaluates potential new varieties by the Regional Small Plot Test and Regional Farm Test. Results of these tests are reported separately in the Flue-Cured Variety Evaluation Committee Report. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Official variety Test Thirty-two released varieties and twenty-eight experimental lines were tested at four locations (Figure 1) in The Official Variety Tests were conducted on disease-free soil insofar as possible. The experimental locations are as follows: Border Belt Tobacco Research Station, Whiteville, NC, representing the Border Belt. Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station, Kinston, NC, representing the Eastern Belt. Upper Coastal Plain Research Station, Rocky Mount, NC, representing the Eastern Belt. Oxford Tobacco Research station, Oxford, NC, representing the Middle Belt.

5 3 Agencies, Contact Person, and Addresses of 2000 Sponsors Aqency and Contact Person Clemson University Albert Johnson Gold Leaf Seed Co. Marion Hawkins North Carolina State university Verne Sisson North Carolina State university Earl Wernsman Address Pee Dee REC Florence SC PO Box 458 Hartsville, SC PO Box 1168 Oxford, NC Crop Science Dept. North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC varieties CU K, Coker, GL, X Oxford, OX, NC NC TG ProfiGen Mark Nielsen PROFIGEN A170 ASTECC Bldg Univ. of Kentucky Lexington, KY PV, PQ R. G. Seed Company Richard Gwynn speight Seed Farms Rachel Snyder VPI C.A. Wilkinson Route 6, Box 133 Oxford, NC Box 1250 Winterville, NC Southern Piedmont Research station Box 448 Blacksburg, VA RG Speight VA The entries were coded and seeded in plant beds which received normal cultural practices at three locations; greenhouse plants were used at all locations. At transplanting, the plants were individually selected for uniformity and planted into one-row plots, each of which consisted of twenty competitive plants spaced 22 or 24 inches apart, depending upon locations. The row spacing was four feet at all locations. Additional cultural practices are

6 4 shown in Table 1. Each entry was replicated three times in a randomized, complete block design at each location. 2 After topping, all entries were treated with commercial contact and systemic sucker control chemicals. Individual plots were harvested according to degree of maturity and primings were tagged and kept separate throughout curing, sorting, and grading. Performance data were collected on yield, quality, agronomic characteristics, disease resistance,3 and physical quality traits. Data on agronomic characteristics were collected in the field. Dollar value per hundredweight and grade indices are shown to emphasize quality differences among the varieties. Dollar value per hundredweight was calculated from a two-year average price paid per pound on the flue-cured market for a particular government grade. After the tobacco was sorted into lots, a Federal Tobacco Inspector assigned an appropriate government grade to each lot from each plot. The average dollar value per hundredweight. was then computed based on a weighted average by stalk position. Each entry was rated also with a grade index ranging from 1 to 100. This index was calculated by assigning a numerical value to each government grade of each entry. An average grade index value was then obtained for each entry in the same manner as dollar per hundredweight. Grades N2 and B1L represent the practical extremes with values of 1 and 100 assigned to these respective grades. The 2 statistical analyses were performed by Mrs. Joy smith. Her assistance is gratefully acknowledged. 3 Dr s. David Shew, and Tom Melton of the Plant Pathology Department and Dr. Verne Sisson of the Department of Crop Science cooperated on the tests for disease reaction. Their assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

7 data utilized a revised version of the grade index as originally developed by E. Wernsman and E. Price (1975). SEASONAL CONDITIONS: Transplanting was somewhat delayed due primarily to slow growth of transplants (Table 1) which in turn was caused by the weather (data not shown). Below-normal rainfall was experienced at most locations in May and June; adequate rainfall was evident at most locations in July and August (see accompanying graphs). It continued to be dry in Oxford in July. As a consequence, Oxford applied 3.5 inches irrigation in JUly. Yield and quality was good to excellent depending on management. Overall it was an excellent year for tobacco production. Growers are cautioned against using anyone-year or one location data in making varietal selection decisions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The data presented in Tables 2 and 3 summarize how varieties performed over a period of years at various locations. These tables give a general indication of the stability of the varieties since they include performance data over many locations and years. In Table 2, varieties that were common in 1998, 1999, and 2000 are compared for a number of agronomic characteristics. Two-year data are presented in Table 3 for 1999 and Table 4 shows ratings for leaf ripening rate, holding ability, curability, and machine harvesting ability; these ratings are based on data collected over years and locations thus some of the newest varieties may not have ratings for leaf ripening rate and holding ability.

8 6 Information on disease resistance is presented in Table 5. Data were collected on black shank, bacterial wilt, root knot nematodes, and mosaic. Root knot resistance is recorded as resistant or segregating; virus resistance is identified by type. These data were furnished by Drs. Tom Melton, Verne Sisson, and David Shew. The average performance across three locations in 2000 is shown in Table 6. The Whiteville location was discarded due to drowning early in the season. Individual location data for commercial varieties are presented in Tables 7-9 while advanced breeding line data are found in Tables Table 15 lists the pedigrees, year of release, and the developer of commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines in the 2000 Official Tobacco Variety Tests.

9 FIGURE 1- LOCATION OF OFFICIAL VARIETY TEST NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE ~ T Experiment Station-Tobacco

10 8 VARIETY DESCRIPTION Information regarding agronomic performance which mayor may not be found in this and other publications for the commercially available varieties is listed for the grower's benefit. Coker 48 - It has high resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. It yields better than the check varieties, NC 95 and NC Days to flower after transplanting is about average. Average leaf number is nearly 20 leaves per plant on a higher than average stalk. Coker This variety has low resistance to black shank and Granville wilt, and resistance to Fusarium wilt, root knot nematodes, and tobacco mosaic virus. This variety has a moderate number of leaves on a medium height stalk. It has tolerance to weather fleck. It has fair-good 'holding ability.' Coker It has low resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. It yields comparable to the standard varieties and has a much higher quality as indicated by grade index. Coker 371 Gold - It was developed by Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company from a complex cross involving Speight G-28 and NC 82. Coker 371 Gold has high resistance to black shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt and brown spot. It has fair-good 'holding ability.' CU This variety was developed by Clemson University with tobacco budworm resistance on a Speight G-28 background. It ripens slowly on the stalk and is more adapted to the Border and Eastern Belts. It produces good yields width better than average quality. It has tall plants with an average of 20 leaves per plant. It is moderately easy to cure.

11 9 GL939 - This variety has high resistance to both black shank and Granville wilt with additional resistance to root-knot nematodes. It has K 326 as one of its parents. It has excellent curability with a late leaf-ripening rate. It has good mechanical harvesting ability with '19 leaves on a 37 inch stalk. It averages 65 days from transplanting to mid-bloom. It has average yields of mostly medium bodied orange tobacco. X-149 This variety was developed from a number of crosses involving Speight G-28, K 399 and several breeding lines. It has moderate resistance to black shank and high resistance to Granville wilt and is resistant to the Southern root-knot nematode. It has fair-good 'holding ability.' X It has low resistance to black shank and Granville wilt; it has resistance to the common root-knot nematodes. It is known for its high quality and curability. It has a moderate number of leaves on a ~ow stalk. It is tolerant to brown spot and has excellent 'holding ability.' X (Tested as NK 3240) was developed by Northrup King Seed Company from a cross of McNair 944 and NC 82. K 340 has high resistance to black shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt. It has a low ground sucker count and flowers, on the average, days after transplanting with nearly 19 harvestable leaves. X-346 Developed by Northrup King Seed Company from a cross involving K 326 and a breeding line. It has high resistance to black shank and Granville wilt and is resistant to the Southern root-knot nematode. It has good-excellent 'holding ability.'

12 10 X (Tested as NK 5168) was developed by Northrup King Seed Company from a cross of K 326 and (an experimental line). It has moderate resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. It is also resistant to root-knot nematodes. It has above average yields with leaves on a medium height stalk. It has few ground suckers and excellent 'holding ability.' X It has high resistance to black shank and low resistance to Granville wilt. It averages nearly 20 leaves per plant on a short stalk. It averages days to flower. It is a high-yielding variety with average quality but with only fair 'holding ability.' X This variety carries high resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. It is resistant to the most prevalent species of root-knot nematodes occurring in the flue-cured tobacco area. It is sensitive to weather fleck. It has fair-good 'holding ability.' X This variety developed from a cross between K 326 and the breeding line K 730 has low resistance to black shank and high resistance to Granville wilt. It produces good yields of good quality tobacco with good 'holding ability.' It has resistance to Southern root-knot nematodes. It averages 19 leaves on a medium height stalk. McNair This variety has a number of leaves with a short stalk. It has low resistance to black shank, moderate resistance to Granville wilt and resistance to root-knot nematodes. A short, compact plant of good storm resistance, it tends to mature at a moderate rate and flowers somewhat earlier than some multi-disease resistance varieties. leaf. It produces adequate yields of high-quality

13 11 McNair It has moderate resistance to black shank and low resistance to Granville wilt. It is a high-yielding variety with average quality. NC 27NF - This is a "non-flowering" variety that produces high yields with a high grade index. It was developed by breeders at North Carolina state University from a cross of Coker 319 and a non-flowering genotype. NC 27NF has low resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. It is sensitive to brown spot and has good 'holding ability.' NC 37NP - This is a "non-flowering" variety that produces high quality leaf. It was developed by breeders at North Carolina state University from cross involving a non-flowering genotype with Coker 319 and NC 82. It has low resistance to black shank and Granville wilt and resistance to root-knot nematodes and has only fair 'holding ability.' NC 55 - Developed from a cross of K 326 and Coker 371 Gold with low resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. It also has resistance to Southern root know nematodes and potato virus 'y' or PVY. It yields nearly the same as K 326 with equal quality and curability. Its' days to flower, plant height, and leaf number are similar to K 326. NC 60 - This variety produces good yields with a high grade index. It was developed at the Oxford Tobacco research station from a cross between McNair 944 and Speight G-28. This variety has high resistance to black shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt and is resistant to the common root knot nematode. NC 60 has above

14 12 average number of ground suckers and produces slightly more than 19 leaves on the average. NC 71 Hybrid flue-cured tobacco with high black shank and moderate Granville wilt resistance and also resistant to Southern root-knot nematode. Yield, quality, and curability are the same as K 326. Days to flower, plant height, and number of leaves per plant are similar to K 326. NC 72 - This is an F1 hybrid with excellent resistance to black shank and root-knot nematodes and low resistance to Granville wilt. It produces high yields on a 39 inch stalk averaging 18.6 leaves. It is a full-season variety (late leaf ripening) with excellent curability and good mechanical harvest ability. Leaves are mostly medium-bodied lemon and orange. NC 82 - An average yielding variety with high quality. It has an intermediate number of leaves on a medium to short stalk. Flowers fairly early and may prematurely flower. It has high resistance to black shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt, and brown spot. It is not subject to extensive damage from weather fleck and good 'holding ability.' NC 95 - One of the first varieties with disease resistance and high quality. It has low resistance to black shank and high resistance to Granville wilt and resistance to the most prevalent species of root knot nematodes found in North Carolina and to Fusarium wilt. NC A high-yielding hybrid with average quality but with resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus. It has very high resistance to Black Shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt. It is also resistant to the most prevalent species of root-knot nematodes

15 13 found in North Carolina. It averages nearly 19 leaves on a short plant, with fair harvest ability. It has a with fair holding ability. late leaf ripening rate NC An average-yielding variety with excellent curability. It averages nearly 19 leaves on an average plant height. It has moderate resistance to Black Shank, Granville wilt, and is resistant to the most prevalent species of root-knot nematodes. It has a late leaf ripening rate. NC This variety has high resistance to Granville wilt and low resistance to black shank. It produces leaves on a short stalk with fair-good 'holding ability.' NC This variety has low levels of resistance to black shank and is susceptible to Granville wilt. It is essentially a Hickstype tobacco with is known for its unique quality in terms of flavor and aroma of the cured leaf. It is used as one of the standard varieties. IT has a tendency to flower prematurely. Oxford This variety has high resistance to black shank and high resistance to Granville wilt with additional resistance to root-knot nematodes. It produces average yields with nearly 19 leaves on a 37" stalk. It has fair mechanical harvest ability (leaves are fairly close together). Oxford 207 has good curability and averages 69 days from transplanting to mid-bloom. Leaves are medium bodied with primarily orange color. Oxford 414NF - This variety, developed by N. C. State University, is a cross between NC 37 NF and K 346. It has moderate black shank and Granville wilt resistance. It is tolerant to the Southern

16 14 root-knot nematode. It produces excellent yields with excellent curability (ease of curing). It is a non flowering variety. Oxford It resulted from a cross between Speight G-28 and Coker It has excellent resistance to black shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt. It produces slightly below average yields of average quality tobacco. Leaves average nearly 20 per plant on a short stalk. Leaves ripen early and it has only fair 'holding ability.' PVH03 - This is a hybrid developed by Profigen with low resistance to black shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt. It is resistant to both Southern root-knot nematode and tobacco mosaic virus. It produces moderate y~elds of good quality tobacco. PVH09 - This is a hybrid developed by Profigen with low resistance to black shank and moderate,resistance to Granville wilt. It is also resistant to the Southern root-knot nematode and tobacco mosaic virus. It produces moderate yields of fair quality tobacco. Reams Hl - This resulted from a cross of Speight G-28 and Reams 158. It has moderate resistance to both black shank and Gravnille wilt. It produces slightly below average yields of average quality tobacco. Days to flower, plant height, and leaf number are average compared to other varieties. Leaves ripen average, i.e. not early or late and it has fair-good 'holding ability.' Reams This variety produces high quality tobacco on a medium high stalk. It was developed by Reams Seed Company from a cross between McNair 944 and Hicks. 'It yields in the low range with 20 leaves per stalk. It has moderate resistance to black shank with

17 15 low resistance to Granville wilt. It has fair-good 'holding ability'. Reams This variety produces moderately low yields with a high grade index.. It was developed by Reams Seed Company from a cross between McNair 944 and Hicks. This variety has moderate resistance to black shank and low resistance to Granville wilt. It produces leaves on a slightly higher than average plant. RG8 - Has moderate resistance to Granville wilt and black shank. It produces nearly 20 leaves on a short stalk. It has excellent 'holding ability.' RGll - This variety has high resistance to both black shank and Granville wilt and has resistance to the most prevalent species of root-knot nematodes. It produces average yields on a tall stalk with 21 leaves per stalk. The cured leaf has excellent physical quality. There isn't a problem with premature flowering in a normal year. It has good-excellent 'holding ability.' RG13 - It has moderate resistance to both black shank and Granville wilt and resistant to the most prevalent species of root-knot nematodes. It produces average yields and quality and has fairgood 'holding ability.' RG17 - It has high resistance to Granville wilt and is resistant to the Southern root-knot nematode. It has tolerance to brown spot but low resistance to black shank. It produces high yields of good quality tobacco. It is fairly easy to cure with nearly 19 leaves on a medium height stalk. Leaves ripen at a moderate rate and it has excellent.'holding ability.'

18 16 RG22 Has high resistance to Granville wilt and moderate resistance to black shank. It produces leaves on a short stalk. It has good-excellent 'holding ability.' RG81 - Developed from a cross of K 326 and K 399. It yields nearly the same as K 326 with slightly lower quality. It is moderately easy to cure. Days to flower, plant height, and number of leaves per plant are similar to K 326. It is a late maturing- variety with moderate resistance to black shank and Granville wilt and also resistant to Southern root knot nematode. RGH4 Hybrid flue-cured tobacco with tobacco mosaic virus resistance. It also has moderate resistance to black shank and high resistance to Granville wilt with resistance to Southern rootknot nematode. It has slightly lower yield and quality than K 326. It is moderately easy to cure. It is slightly taller than K 326 with leaves spaced farther apart than K 326. It has a moderate leaf ripening rate. RGH12 - Hybrid flue-cured tobacco with moderate resistance to black shank and Granville wilt along with resistance to root-knot nematodes. It is an early variety in terms of leaf ripening rate with excellent curability. It yields above average. RGHSl - This is a hybrid developed by RG Seeds with high resistance to black shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt. It is also resistant to the Southern root-knot nematode. It produces excellent yields of excellent quality tobacco. RGH61 - Hybrid flue-cured tobacco. It has moderate resistance to black shank and low resistance to Granville wilt and resistance to Southern root-knot nematodes. It yields slightly less than K 326

19 17 with equal quality and ease of curing. It flowers four days earlier than K 326. speight G-28 It has moderate resistance to black shank and Granville wilt with resistance to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematodes. It averages around 66 days from transplanting to flowering with more than 19 leaves on a short stalk. This variety has very few ground suckers. It has good 'holding ability.' speight G-70 - This variety yields much higher than NC 2326 and quality is about the same. It has an intermediate number of leaves with a low stalk, flowers about average. It has resistance to root knot nematodes. It has high resistance to black shank and low resistance to Granville wilt. Its cured leaf is about the same color and texture as NC 2326 with a higher percentage of medium to heavy bodied tobacco, less chaffy leaf and lower nicotine content. speight G-l08 It has moderate resistance to black shank and Granville wilt and is also resistant to the common root-knot nematode. It was developed by Speight Seed Farms from a cross of Speight G-70 and Speight G-28. This variety flowers on the average 70 days after transplanting with 19 harvestable leaves. Speight G-lll - This variety has moderate resistance to both black shank and Granville wilt and has resistance to the most prevalent species of root-knot nematodes. It produces above-average quality leaves at an average yield per acre. It has excellent 'holding ability. ' Speight G This variety came from a cross between K 326 and Speight G-96. Granville wilt. It has moderate resistance to both black shanks and This variety produces average yields of less than

20 18 average quality. It produces nearly 20 leaves on a stalk of average height and flowers later than most varieties. 'holding ability.' It has good Speight 168 It has excellent resistance to black shank and Granville wilt and root-knot nematodes. It produces average yields on a 3 foot stalk with good leaf spacing. Leaves ripen at a moderate rate with excellent curability and mostly lemon and orange color with medium body. Speight This variety has high resistance to black shank and moderate resistance to Granville wilt and is resistant to root-knot nematodes. It produces excellent yields on a moderate-size stalk. Leaves ripen at a moderate rate with good curability and primarily orange in color and medium body. Leaves are spaced apart at an above-average distance. speight The variety resulted from a cross of Coker 371 Gold and Speight G-28. It has high resistance to black shank and Granville wilt. It is also resistant to Southern root-knot nematodes. It produces moderate yields of good quality tobacco. Speight H20 - An average-yielding variety with average curability. It produces 19 harvestable leaves on 42 inch stalk which provides one of the widest leaf spacings for machine harvest. It has very high black shank resistance, high Granville wilt resistance; resistance to tobacco mosaic virus and the most prevalent species of root-knot nematodes. It has a moderate to late leaf ripening rate. speight NF3 - This is a non-flowering variety with six genetic sources in its pedigree. It has high resistance to both black

21 19 shank and Granville wilt. It produces average yields on a moderate-size stalk. Leaves ripen at a moderate rate with good curability and mostly orange in color with medium body and texture. The leaves are spaced apart at a moderate distance. VA 116 This variety was developed by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Southern University from a cross involving NC 82 and Coker 319. It has moderate resistance to black shank and low resistance to Granville wilt. It has only fair 'holding ability.'

22 eatherlimbus.co. Weekly Weather Data ~O) (April - August 2000) RainfallI August ~ 120 ~ ~ 100 ( - ~ 80 ~ ": - ": -,.. 60 '",.. 40 '" - ] ] 20 I... Max Temp...- Min Temp o Rainfall I ( C 0'"''. ",,,,." II ",,,,",,,,,,,,. -, Ii, " <I I. '{- II, [. "-"'-!'" \~, II -" ~ "", -,", )",, " I ' April May June July August :0 Ol 4 S --ft Ol I\J ~ 3 ::J ::Y CD CJ)

23 00) y WeatClgecombe Co. Weekly Weather IRainfall I Data (April - August 2000) 1--Max Temp... Min Temp o RainfallI I _. :D ~. - 3 ::J ~ 2.5.-=::: ::J o - 2 zr CD (J) '-"'" 1.5 I\) OJ ~ August ( 20 - o ',. II II I "" ', " " ', - 11 '11 '"' "', " e I' 11 ''1 " "'I"" ' Ap ril May June July August

24 eatheillville Co. Weeldy Weather Data 000) (May-September 2000) grainfalli 120 I " 5 1--Max Temp "* Min Temp EJRainfalll 100.' I r I I :D ~. 3 :::J -h I\.) 0) I\.) 60 -I r I /,:,I~~ I --:::::: :::J o 2 zr :1 I I F\i~ ; 1 I I _I CD (J) ""'--'" ugust September. o, I I..Y~" II ';': '1,.. ~ ".:'. ", ~II ' I I '> II' :C' ~-", ;1-' II '" II 1 I"'''":;...,, I h~" 1 V '''-.-11 :,~,.;!! <_." ~" May June July August September

25 eather rloir Co. Weekly Weather Data 00) (April - August 2000) ainfall I I 1--Max Temp SFMin Temp DRainfall I I I ~ I <I :n 60 I A / ~-- ~rll... n --:::::: ::::J 1.5 o zr 'co CJ) 40 I~I II-I '-" I I 11 I I I I I II 1 20 I I II II I II lin 1111 nlllill l ll l ~. ::::J s:u -h ~ w \ July August o I II II I I I I I " II " " I I " " " I I " II " " II April May June July August

26 TABLE 1. CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR THE OFFICIAL VARIETY TEST Chemical Date Date Fertili- Side- Soil Soil of First Station zation Dressing Type Treatment Transplanting Harvest Border Belt Tobacco 700lA 200#/A Norfolk Fine Telone C Apr 26 July Research station Sandy Loam 12 galla Whiteville, NC Ridomil 1 pt/a Lower Coastal Plain 475#/A 130#/A Goldsboro Ridomil 1 qt/a 25 Apr Research station Fine Telone C-17 Kinston, NC Sandy Loam 10 galla Lorsban 2 qt/a Upper Coastal Plain 400#/A 200#/A Norfolk Nemacure 2gai/A 1 May Research station Sandy Loam Lorsban 2qt/A Rocky Mount, NC Oxford Tobacco 5001/A 150#/A Helena uradan 4F 1 gall 10 May 2 Aug Research Station Sandy Loam hlor-o-pic 6 galla ~ Oxford, NC Ridomil 1 pt/a ~

27 25 TABLE 2. COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL VARIETIES IN OFFICIAL VARIETY TRIALS ACROSS THREE YEARS ( ). CURED LEAF ANAI.xSIS DAYS LEAVES PLANT NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE TO PER HEIGHT LENGTH SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A $/CWT. INDEX FLOWER PLANT INCHES INCHES,, ALK. COKER 371-GOLD GL K K K K K K K NC NC NC OX RG RG RGH RGH RGH SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT NF

28 26 TABLE 3. COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL VARIETIES IN OFFICIAL VARIETY TRIALS ACROSS TWO YEARS ( ). CURED I.EAF ANAI,YSIS DAYS LEAVES PLANT NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE TO PER HEIGHT LENGTH SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A $/CWT. INDEX FLOWER PLANT INCHES INCHES,, ALK. COKER 371-GOLD GL K K K K K K K NC NC NC NC OX OX 414 NF RG RG RGH RGH RGH RGH SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT NF

29 27 TABLE 4. RATINGS FOR LEAF RIPENING, HOLDING ABILITY, CURABILITY AND MECHANICAL HARVESTING ABILITY FOR SELECTED COMMERCIAL VARIETIES. LEAF HOLDING HARVEST VARIETY RIPENING ABILITY CURABILIITY ABILITY COKER 371 Early/Mod Good/Fair Exc. Fair GL 737 Mod.//Late NA Good Good GL 939 Late NA Exc. Good K 149 Late Good/Fair Exc. Fair K 326 Late Exc. Exc. Fair K 346 Late Exc./Good Good Good K 358 Mod./Late Exc. Exc. Good K 394 Mod./Late Fair Fair Good K 399 Mod./Late Good/Fair Good Fair K 730 Moderate Good Exc. Good NC 55 Mod./Late NA Exc. Fair NC 71 Late Exc. Exc. Fair NC 72 Mod./Late Exc. Exc. Good NC 297 Late Fair Good Fair OX 207 Mod./Late NA Good Good OX 414 NF Mod./Late NA Exc. Fair NC 606 Late NA Exc. Good RG 17 Mod./Late Exc./Good Exc. Fair RG 81 Mod./Late Good Exc. Fair RGH4 Mod./Late NA Exc. Good RGH12 Early NA Exc. Fair RGH51 Mod./Late Exc./Good Exc. Exc. RGH61 Mod./Late Exc./Good Exc. Good RG 81 Mod./Late NA Good Fair SPEIGHT 168 Mod./Late Exc./Good Exc. Good SPEIGHT 172 Mod./Late NA Good Good SPEIGHT 179 Late Exc./Good Good Fair SPEIGHT 190 Mod./Late NA Exc. Fair SPEIGHT NF3 Mod./Late Exc./Good Exc. Good SPEIGHT H2O Mod./Late NA Exc. Good 'NA=Data not available.

30 28 TABLE 5. SUMMARY INFORMATION ON DISEASE RESISTANCE VARIETY BLACK ~ GRANVILLE ~ ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE 1 Coker GL R K R K R K R K R K K R K R NC R PVY, Etch NC R NC R NC R TMV NC R OX R OX 414 NF R RG R RG R RGH R TMV RGH R RGH R RGH R Speight NF R Speight R Speight R Speight R Speight H R TMV 1varieties are rated with numerical ratings; the lower the number the higher the resistance. Root-knot nematode resistance is rated either resistant or blank (susceptible). 2pvy - Potato virus 'y', TMV - Tobacco Mosaic Virus

31 29 TABLE 6. COMPARISON OF VARIETIES FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS FOR THREE LOCATIONS CURED LEAF ANALYSIS DAYS LEAVES NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE TO PER PLANT SPACE SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A $/CWT. INDEX FLOWER PLANT HEIGHT INCHES % % ALK. COKER 371-GOLD GL K K K K K K K NC NC NC NC NC OX OX 414 NF RGH RGH RG RGH RGH RG SPEIGHT NF SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT GL PO RG7H RG7H SPEIGHT H2O PO Mean C.V.% R2 (%) L.S.D

32 30 TABLE 7. COMPARISON OF VARIETIES FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS AT KINSTON NC CURED LEAF ANALYSIS LEAVES NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE PER PLANT SPACE SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A $/CWT. INDEX PLANT HEIGHT INCHES % % ALK. COKER 371-GOLD GL K K K K K K K NC NC NC NC NC OX OX 414 NF RGH RGH RG RGH RGH RG SPEIGHT NF SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT GL PO RG7H RG7H SPEIGHT H2O PO Mean C.V.% R 2 (%) L.S.D

33 31 TABLE 8. COMPARISON OF VARIETIES FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS AT ROCKY MOUNT NC CURED LEAF ANALYSIS DAYS LEAVES NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE TO PER PLANT SPACE SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A $/CWT. INDEX FLOWER PLANT HEIGHT INCHES % % ALK. COKER 371-GOLD GL K K K K K K K NC NC NC NC NC OX OX 414 NF RGH RGH RG RGH RGH RG SPEIGHT NF SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT GL PO RG7H RG7H SPEIGHT H2O PO Mean C.V.% R 2 (%) L.S.D

34 32 TABLE 9. COMPARISON OF VARIETIES FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS AT OXFORD NC CURED LEAF ANALYSIS DAYS LEAVES NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE TO PER PLANT SPACE SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A S/CWT. INDEX FLOWER PLANT HEIGHT INCHES % % ALK. COKER 371-GOLD GL K K K K K K K NC NC NC NC NC OX OX 414 NF RGH RGH RG RGH RGH RG SPEIGHT NF SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT GL PO RG7H RG7H SPEIGHT H2O PO Mean C.V.% R 2 (%) L.S.D

35 33 TABLE 10. COMPARISON OF ADVANCED BREEDING LINES FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS FOR FOUR LOCATIONS CURED LEAF ANALYSIS DAYS LEAVES NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE TO PER PLANT SPACE SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A $/CWT. INDEX FLOWER PLANT HEIGHT INCHES % % ALK. NC NC K AVH NC TG NC TG NC TG NC TG NC TG OX OX OX OX OX OX RG8H RG426NF RG8H RG8H RG8H SPEIGHT H SPEIGHT H SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT ULT ULT Mean C.V.% R2 (%) L.S.D

36 34 TABLE 11. COMPARISON OF ADVANCED BREEDING LINES FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS AT WHITEVILLE NC CURED LEAF ANALYSIS DAYS LEAVES NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE TO PER PLANT SPACE SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A $/CWT. INDEX FLOWER PLANT HEIGHT INCHES % % ALK. NC NC K AVH NC TG NC TG NC TG NC TG NC TG OX OX OX OX OX OX RG8H RG426NF RG8H RG8H RG8H SPEIGHT H SPEIGHT H SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT ULT ULT Mean C.V.% R2 (%) L.S.D

37 35 TABLE 12. COMPARISON OF ADVANCED BREEDING LINES FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS AT KINSTON NC CURED LEAF ANALYSIS LEAVES NODE RED. TOT. RATIO YIELD VALUE INDEX GRADE PER PLANT SPACE SUG. ALK. SUG. VARIETY LBS/A $/A $/CWT. INDEX PLANT HEIGHT INCHES % % ALK. NC NC K AVH NC TG NC TG NC TG NC TG NC TG OX OX OX OX OX OX RG8H RG426NF RG8H ' RG8H RG8H SPEIGHT H SPEIGHT H SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT SPEIGHT ULT ULT Mean C.V.% R 2 (%) L.S.D