Pollinators in plant protection: hazards and utility possibilities

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1 Pollinators in plant protection: hazards and utility possibilities Estonian University of life Sciences Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Chair of Plant Health Reet Karise, PhD

2 Why we study bees? Apples Mangos Rambutan Kiwi Fruit Plums Peaches Nectarines Guava Rose Hips Pomegranites Pears Black and Red Currants Alfalfa Okra Strawberries Onions Cashews Cactus Prickly Pear Apricots Allspice Avocados Passion Fruit Lima Beans Kidney Beans Adzuki Beans Green Beans Orchid Plants Custard Apples Cherries Celery Coffee Walnut Cotton Lychee Flax Acerola Photo by Macadamia Dave Dupler Nuts Sunflower Photo Oil by Jim Goa Cane beans Lemons Buckwheat Figs Fennel Limes Quince Carrots Persimmons Palm Oil Loquat Durian Cucumber Hazelnut Cantaloupe Tangelos Coriander Caraway Chestnut Watermelon Star Apples Coconut Tangerines Boysenberries Starfruit Brazil Nuts Beets Mustard Seed Rapeseed Broccoli Cauliflower Cabbage Brussels Sprouts Bok Choy (Chinese Cabbage) Turnips Congo Beans Sword beans Chili peppers, red peppers, Photo by bell loveapplesblob peppers, green peppers Papaya Photo by Tom Leroy Safflower Sesame Eggplant Raspberries Elderberries Blackberries Clover Tamarind Cocoa Black Eyed Peas Vanilla Cranberries Tomatoes Grapes

3 Heatmap of ecosystem services from semi-natural habitats in the European Union i) Guidelines and web-based tool designed for farmers to enhance exploitation of semi-natural habitats for ecosystem services provision ii) Recommendations to policy-makers

4 Pesticide residues found in beehives in Estonia? From 51 substances 17 were found Not dependent on amount of agricultural land in foraging territory Karise et al., 2014 (Project report), topic suitable to understand background for a HORIZON2020 call

5 Effects of sublethal doses of pesticides to bees 4 DGE => Continuous 4 DGE => CGE VCO 2 (ml h -1 ) Time (hours) % 0.002% VCO 2 (ml h -1 ) Time (hours) Before contact After Before contact After contact contact Respiratory measurements allow detection of borderline between reversible and irreversible effects of different dosages Topic included in call of HORIZON2020

6 How bees react on mixtures of pesticides? Topic included in call of HORIZON2020 Synergistic interactions between a variety of insecticides and an EBI fungicide in dietary exposures of bumble bees (Bombus terrestris L.) Risto Raimets, a, * Reet Karise, a Marika Mänd, a Tanel Kaart, b Sally Ponting, c Jimao Song c and James E. Cresswell c WAITING APPROVAL Fungicide imazalil causes synergistic effects with Fipronil, Thiamethoxam and Cypermethrin, but NOT with imidacloprid Pesticide mode of actions on bees are variable even within the same group of chemicals

7 Bee-vector technology EU-ERANET activity of the CORE Organic Programme II

8 % of beetles dead Sub-project: Assessment of precision plant control methods for cruciferous crops Suitability of microbiological preparations against insect pests in oilseed crops Hazard of microbiological preparations on pollinators and other useful insect fauna Mean; Whisker: Mean±SE Control BotaniGard n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. p=0,1 p=0.06 % of bees dead Mean; Whisker: Mean±SE Control BotaniGard Key questions: i) Control of insect pests; ii) Create a dynamic control thresholds; iii) Development of RNA-interfence method against pollen beetles; iv) To use bee-vectoring in application of the novel products The unimodal mismatch distributions shown by all regional European population of B. aeneus except the Baltic are compatible with either rapid population expansion or range expansion accompanied by high dispersal between populations Days Days

9 Thank you Collaborators: Marika Mänd, prof Eve Veromann, PhD Risto Raimets Gerit Dreyersdorff Anna Bontšutšnaja Riin Muljar

10 Photo: B. Maccagnani Photo: Hogendoorn Photos: R. Karise Photos: R. Karise Photo: BioPest Photos: R. Karise