Sky-blue Aster. Summary. Protection Endangered in New York State, not listed federally.
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1 Sky-blue Aster Scientific Name Family Name Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) Nesom Asteraceae Aster Family Photo credits: Kimberly J. Smith Did you know? This beautiful aster was originally described in 1835 by botanist John Leonard Riddell and named Aster oolentangiensis after the Olentangy River in Ohio where he found it near Worthington, Ohio. Riddell misspelled the river name with two Os and thus the species has that spelling. Its name was later changed to Aster azureus to reflect its sky blue flower color. When the genus was changed to Symphyotrichum the older species name had precedence. Summary Protection Endangered in New York State, not listed federally. Rarity G5, S1 This level of state protection means: listed species are those with: 1) 5 or fewer extant sites, or 2) fewer than 1,000 individuals, or 3) restricted to fewer than 4 U.S.G.S. 7 ½ minute topographical maps, or 4) species listed as endangered by U.S. Department of Interior. A global rarity rank of G5 means: This species is demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. A state rarity rank of S1 means: This plant is endangered/critically imperiled in New York because of extreme rarity (typically 5 or fewer populations or very few remaining individuals) or is extremely vulnerable to extirpation from New York due to biological factors. Conservation Status in New York There is one large existing population with hundreds of plants and another population with just one plant which is probably extirpated. There are three historical occurrences from 1888 to 1936 but they are also probably extirpated. NYNHP Conservation Guide - Sky-blue Aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense)
2 Short-term Trends The large population has been fairly stable over time although it was reduced at one time by excessive mowing. Long-term Trends The large population has been fairly stable over time although it was reduced at one time by excessive mowing. Conservation and Management Threats Excessive mowing of the plants have reduced populations in the past. Conservation Strategies and Management Practices Keep areas open but prevent succession by mowing every one or two years in the fall after seed has dispersed. Research Needs Research is needed to see if the large population can be augmented by seed propagation. Habitat The two known extant sites for Sky-blue Aster in New York are in grassy or herb-dominated openings within upland forests, with calcareous or at least somewhat rich soils (New York Natural Heritage Program 2013). Open, dry, sandy, loamy, or rocky soils, dry to wet (seasonally drying) prairies, alvars, glades, bluffs, dunes, barrens, open deciduous woods, oak and/or pine savannas (FNA 2006). Prairies and dry open woods (Gleason and Cronquist 1991). Associated Ecological Communities Calcareous Talus Slope Woodland An open or closed canopy community that occurs on talus slopes composed of calcareous bedrock such as limestone or dolomite. The soils are usually moist and loamy; there may be numerous rock outcrops. Rich Mesophytic Forest A hardwood or mixed forest that resembles the mixed mesophytic forests of the Allegheny Plateau south of New York but is less diverse. It occurs on rich, fine-textured, well-drained soils that are favorable for the dominance of a wide variety of tree species. A canopy with a relatively large number of codominant trees characterizes this forest. Canopy codominants include five or more of the following species: red oak, red maple, white ash, American beech, sugar maple, black cherry, cucumber tree, and black birch. NYNHP Conservation Guide - Sky-blue Aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense) 2
3 Other Probable Associated Communities Mowed roadside/pathway Associated Species Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) American Hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata) Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) Long-fruited Anemone (Anemone cylindrica) Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Woodland Sedge (Carex blanda) Climbing Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) White Ash (Fraxinus americana) American Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Woodland Sunflower (Helianthus divaricatus) A St. John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum) Flaxleaf Whitetop Aster (Ionactis linariifolius) Large False Solomon s-seal (Maianthemum racemosum) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Canada Bluegrass (Poa compressa) White Oak (Quercus alba) Red Oak (Quercus rubra) Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) Small Skullcap (Scutellaria parvula) Solidago Yellow Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) White Basswood (Tilia americana) Riverbank Grape (Vitis riparia) Identification Comments Symphyotrichum oolentangiense is a native perennial that grows in erect, dense clumps of 1 to 5 or more stems reaching up to 1.5 m tall. The plants are short-rhizomatous or have branched, woody stems and roots. Away from the flower arrays the stems vary from being nearly smooth (glabrate) to covered with stiff, short hairs (hispidulous), within the arrays the stems bear either minute, long, soft straight hairs (pilosulous) or straight stiff, sharp appressed hairs (strigillose). Leaves are mostly concentrated towards the lower stem and are thick and firm, with entire or toothed margins, are variously hairy on both surfaces, and typically wither by flowering. The lower leaves are distinctive with long, often winged stalks with expanded, heart-shaped bases and scabrous upper surfaces. The upper leaves are lance-like and stalkless but do not clasp the stem. As with all asters, the infloresences are arranged radially into "heads" of many separate ray and disc flowers, with each head superficially resembling a single flower. The flowering heads of Sky-blue Aster are borne in open, loose, narrowly-branched, stiffly upright, more or less pyramidal clusters. The heads are 19 to 34 mm across and have 10 to 25 usually pale to azure blue to violet-purple (rarely rosy, white or bluish white), ray petals. The whorls of bracts (involucres) enclosing the flower base are bell-shaped to elliptic bell-shaped and 4.5 to 8 mm long. The individual NYNHP Conservation Guide - Sky-blue Aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense) 3
4 involcral bracts (phyllaries) are in (3-)4-6 series, lying flat (appressed) or slightly spreading with a distinct dark diamond-shaped tip. The fruits are dull purple or stramineous with purple streaks, oblong-egg-shaped (obovoid) and more or less compressed. They are mm long and 4-5-nerved, and smooth (glabrate) to sparsely covered with short stiff hairs and tipped with cream or slightly rose-tinged hair tufts (pappi) 3-4 mm long (Brouillet et al 2006). Best Life Stage for Identifying This Species Entire flowering or fruiting plants are needed for identification. The Best Time to See Skyblue aster typically flowers mid-august through late September, the fruits are typically present beginning in early October may persist into mid-november. Flowering Fruiting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Similar Species The time of year you would expect to find Sky-blue Aster in New York. Symphyotrichum laeve has sessile, smooth, glabrous leaf faces in contrast to S. oolentangiense's stalked and noticeably rough and hairy leaves. Symphyotrichum concolor has sessile lower leaves S. cordifolium is more compact and has leaves with more deeply lobed bases, and is generally a forest species while S. oolentangiense is associated with more open sites. Conservation Comments This was changed in the Asteraceae volume 20 of Flora North America and the NY Flora Atlas. All varieties are now in synonomy with the species. Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Plantae Anthophyta Order Dicots (Dicotyledoneae) Family Asterales Asteraceae (Aster Family) NYNHP Conservation Guide - Sky-blue Aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense) 4
5 Synonyms Aster azureus (Lindl.) Aster oolentangiensis (Riddell) Aster shortii (Lindl.) Symphyotrichum oolentangiense var. oolentangiense Additional Resources Links USDA plants Ontario Wildflowers Flora of North America New Yokr Flora Atlas species page Best Identification Reference Brouillet, L., J.C. Semple, G.A. Allen, K.L. Chambers, and S.D. Sundberg Symphyotrichum Nees. Pages in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Editors), Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Volume 20, Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. References Gleason, Henry A. and A. Cronquist Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 910 pp. Holmgren, Noel The Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. Keys, Jr.,J.; Carpenter, C.; Hooks, S.; Koenig, F.; McNab, W.H.; Russell, W.;Smith, M.L Ecological units of the eastern United States - first approximation (cd-rom), Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. GIS coverage in ARCINFO format, selected imagery, and map unit tables. Mitchell, Richard S. and Gordon C. Tucker Revised Checklist of New York State Plants. Contributions to a Flora of New York State. Checklist IV. Bulletin No New York State Museum. Albany, NY. 400 pp. NatureServe NatureServe Central Databases. Arlington, Virginia. USA Weldy, T. and D. Werier New York flora atlas. [S.M. Landry, K.N. Campbell, and L.D. Mabe (original application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research University of South Florida New York Flora Association Albany, New York Weldy, Troy W. and David Werier New York Flora Atlas. [S.M. Landry, K.N. Campbell, and L.D. Mabe (original application development), Florida Center for Community Design and NYNHP Conservation Guide - Sky-blue Aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense) 5
6 Research. University of South Florida]. New York Flora Association, Albany, NY. Available on the web at ( New York Natural Heritage Program 625 Broadway, 5th Floor, Albany, NY Phone: (518) This project is made possible with funding from: - New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Hudson River Estuary Program - Division of Lands & Forests, Department of Environmental Conservation - New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Information for this guide was last updated on Aug 15, 2017 This guide was authored by Stephen M. Young, Elizabeth Spencer, Richard M. Ring. NYNHP Conservation Guide - Sky-blue Aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense) 6
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