IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF OPENCAST SYSTEM FOR COMPLEX STRUCTURE ORE DEPOSITS

Transcription

1 Iteratoal Joural of Cvl Egeerg ad Tecology (IJCIET) Volue 9, Issue 3, Deceber 208, pp , Artcle ID: IJCIET_09_3_004 Avalable ole at ttp:// ISSN Prt: ad ISSN Ole: IAEME Publcato Scopus Idexed IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF OPENCAST SYSTEM FOR COMPLEX STRUCTURE ORE DEPOSITS Serge Igorevtc Fo ad Vladr Vtorovc Ivaov Sat Petersburg Mg Uversty , Sat Petersburg, Russa Federato ABSTRACT Regulato of strpped ad ready for excavatg reserves o te beces ad te sze of a reserve strp of operatg platfors allow carryg out te optal forato of te opecast worg zoe correspodg to te establsed opecast perforace overburde rato, as well as provg te relablty of g opecast systes. Eaceet of te opecast operato relablty ca be aceved by reducg te uber of parts a seres coecto (betwee te preparato of roc ass to wtdrawal by excavato, trasportato, trac wors, plg ad betwee overburde reovals ad g operatos), creasg te operato relablty of eac part of te opecast, esurg equpet redudacy, creatg eral reserves, ad outstrppg of overburde reovals. Key words: Opecast Mg, Relablty Level, Reserve Supply Capacty, Reservesto-Producto Rato Cte ts Artcle: Serge Igorevtc Fo ad Vladr Vtorovc Ivaov, Iprovg te Relablty of Opecast Syste for Coplex Structure Ore Deposts, Iteratoal Joural of Cvl Egeerg ad Tecology, 9(3), 208, pp ttp:// INTRODUCTION Moder e egeerg codtos for te developet of deep ope casts are caracterzed by te uprejudced worseg of e egeerg as well as g ad geologcal codtos of developet. Te forato of te opecast operatg zoe space ad te s carred out by cagg te wdt of operatg platfors ad carryg out pusbac of opecast loadg face te course of g operatos. To ata relable operato of te opecast, t s ecessary to ave a reserve strp of operatg platfor, cocetratg ready-to-excavato reserves. Regulato of ready-to-excavato reserves o te beces, subject to te regulartes of te opecast space forato, allow creatg te certa sape of opecast loadg face correspodg to te axal perforace relablty of te e egeerg opecast syste [, 2]. ttp:// 36 edtor@aee.co

2 Serge Igorevtc Fo ad Vladr Vtorovc Ivaov Avalablty of ready-to-excavato ore reserves te opecast s a factor affectg te opecast perforace. Isuffcet aout of tese reserves leads to a reducto te excavato frot ad crease ore dluto, reduces te qualty ad creases te cost of producto. Te excess of te optal aout of ready-to-excavato reserves leads to te losses assocated wt te preservato of sgfcat worg captal, creased costs for te ateace ad repar of g, a crease ore losses [3]. Te outstrppg of te beces s caracterzed by te wdt of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor ad ready-to-excavato reserves, wc detere te degree of terdepedecy operatos of te beces. Te creato of a reserve betwee te dvdual parts of te opecast (beces, tecologcal processes) caracterzes te coecto patter of tese parts, wc s dfferet fro te parallel coecto because te falure of ay part does ot terrupt at te sae te te operato of oter parts, tey ca fucto certa te at te expese of te reserve. 2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Te researc objectve of te preset artcle s to detere te optal dstrbuto of readyto-excavato reserves te course of opecast developet of steeply dppg coplex structure ore deposts order to esure a g level of opecast syste relablty. 3. METHODS Te developet of coplex structure ore deposts by eas of ope casts coposed of orebearg beces s caracterzed by te varablty of te volue of ready-to-excavato reserves bot pla ad dept. Te volue of ready-to-excavato reserves cocetrated te reserves trp of te operatg platfors depeds o a certa e egeerg specfcs as well as g ad geologcal factors. Tere are caracterstcs of edogeous coplex-structure deposts of all geetc types, te dstrbuto of edogeous deposts over deep levels of dslocato etaorps, classfcato of coplex foratos ad sgs of coplex-structure ore deposts, plots cotag blocs, allowg qualtatvely assess te degree of coplexty of producg bloc [4-6]. To quatfy te producg blocs, we proposed te geeral coplexty dex of te geologcal ad orpologcal structure for opecast g ad g ad tecologcal codtos of ore g te producg bloc [7, 8]. Te coplexty dex depeds o te structural type of te depost, te ature of te cotacts betwee ore locus ad sterle grouds, te etal dstrbuto te ore, as well as te g ad tecologcal codtos of ore g producg a bloc. Te ger te coplexty dex, te eaver g codtos of te depost, te ger te rs of desg, ad te greater te operatg costs. Te losses ad dluto durg extracto wll be also ger. Tese crcustaces wll reduce te relablty of te opecast as a egeerg syste. Te ore-bearg rato of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor defes te proporto of ore bodes cotaed te reserves trp of te operatg platfor of te ore-bearg beces of te opecast, processg coplex structure ore deposts. Te ore-bearg rato of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor of te -t bec (К ORE) ca be wrtte as ttp:// 37 edtor@aee.co

3 Iprovg te Relablty of Opecast Syste for Coplex Structure Ore Deposts К S jore ORE S REZ, () were S REZ s te average area of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2 ; SK S SOIL S REZ 2, (2) were SK s te roof area of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2 ; SSOIL s te sol area of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2 ; Sj ORE s te average area of te j-t ore body wt te reserve strp at te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2 ; SjК Sj SOIL SjORE 2, (3) Were SjK s te area of te j-t ore body wt te roof of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2 ; Sj SOIL s te area of te j-t ore body wt te sol reserve strp of te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2. Te total volue of te excavato ready reserves, 3 P S j REZ j, (4) Were s te uber of ore bodes wt te reserve strp of te operatg platfors of te opecast; s te uber of operatg beces te opecast. Te average area of te j-t ore body wt te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2 ; Sj ROOFAREA Sj SOILAREA SjOPORE 2, (5) Were Sj ROOF AREA s te area of te j-t ore body wt te roof of te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2 ; Sj SOIL AREA s te area of te j-t ore body wt te sol of te operatg platfor of te -t bec, 2. Te volue of vsble opecast reserves, 3 V US M j REZ j, (6) Were M s te uber of ore bodes wt te operatg platfors of te opecast. Relablty s uderstood as te property of te syste to perfor specfed fuctos, eepg ts perforace dcators wt te specfed lts for te requred perod of te or te requred output [9]. Mg equpet redudacy ad creatg a reserve outstrppg of beces allows reacg cosderable perforace relablty of te opecast. Outstrppg of te beces s caracterzed by te wdt of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor ad volue of excavato ready reserves, wc detere te degree of te terdepedecy of te beces operato. S ttp:// 38 edtor@aee.co

4 Serge Igorevtc Fo ad Vladr Vtorovc Ivaov Te creato of a reserve betwee te dvdual parts of te opecast (beces, ad tecologcal processes) caracterzes te coecto patter of tese parts dfferet fro te parallel oe because te falure of ay part does ot sultaeously terrupt te operato of oter parts wc ca operate durg a certa te at te cost of reserves. Eacg te relablty of opecast operato ca be aceved by reducg te uber of parts seres coecto creasg te relablty operato of eac part of te opecast, esurg equpet redudacy, creatg eral reserves, ad outstrppg overburde reovals. For parts of te opecast, suc as adjacet beces, as well as overburde reovals ad g operatos, equpet redudacy s possble because of ter large uber. Redudat equpet s effectve we provg te relablty of producto processes. Te real opportuty of creasg relablty of opecast g systes s te creato of readyto-excavato reserves of erals ad outstrppg of overburde reovals. Te tecologcal syste eas a set of eleets ad objects uted by regular teracto or certa terdepedece, ad esurg te pleetato of certa fuctos []. Te opecast g syste cossts of subsystes of overburde reovals ad g operatos avg depedet goals ad objectves aed at pleetg a sgle fucto,.e. g operatos. Te ready-to-excavato reserves eac level allow coductg g operatos regardless of te overlyg forato wt a certa te perod. Te avalablty factor of te processg ca [] s defed as: o G t o t t fo, (7) Were to s te te of correct operato of te aufacturg ca of te -t bec; tfo s te forced outage ours te aufacturg ca of te -t bec; s te uber of forced outage ours of te aufacturg ca of te -t bec for te cosdered perod of te. Te avalablty factor of te processg ca correspods to te relablty of operato of te top level, wle for oter levels te relablty of ter operato wll deped ot oly o te avalablty factor of te beces but o te stoc aog te. Te avalablty factor caracterzes te probablty of te worg effcecy of te e egeerg syste suc as opecast at a radoly selected pot te, deteres te readess of ts syste to wor, ad allows assessg te servce perforace of te syste. Te avalablty factor of te -t bec of te opecast () s assocated wt te forced outage rate () by te followg relatosp []: п. (8) Te forced outage rate caracterzes te probablty of syste falure o a radoly cose pot te. Tus, te creato of a reserve a operatg level of te opecast proves te relablty as log as ts agtude exceeds te uber of forced outage ours of te overlyg forato. п, (9) ttp:// 39 edtor@aee.co

5 Iprovg te Relablty of Opecast Syste for Coplex Structure Ore Deposts Were s te provso of producg level wt reserves for te selected perod of te, years. However, te reserves-to-producto rato ca be calculated by [0] B L E, years (0) Were E s te operatoal output of te excavator at te -t level, 3 /year; s te uber of excavators at te -t level ecessary for te pleetato of te aual scope of wor; В s te wdt of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor of te -t bec, ; L s te wor frot legt at te -t level, ; s te egt of te bec at te -t level,. I te presece of a coverg strppg o steeply dppg coplex structure ore deposts, te relablty of te overburde beces (subsyste overburde beces) trougout te year s detered by te forula: P B B B( K B BL B В L 2) B ( 2) B ( 2) B BB B EB 2 ( ) B2 BL2 B2 B( BB 2B E2B 3 L K ) B ( ) B ( ) B ( 2) B E( 2) B ( ) B E( ) B, () were Pв s te relablty of te -t overburde bec (, 2, 3,..., ); в s te uber of excavators at te -t overburde level; в s te avalablty factor of te -t overburde bec; Lв s te wor frot legt at te -t overburde level, ; в s te egt of te -t overburde bec, ; Вв s te wdt of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor of te - t overburde bec, ; E в s te operatoal output of te excavator at te -t overburde bec, 3 /year. Te relablty of ore-bearg beces (g subsystes) durg te year, tag to accout te relablty of te overburde reovals subsyste, ca be wrtte as: Pp p P К( K В 2) ORE p ( B К ( B L ) оore op op op p op Eop ( 2) p ( 2) p ( 2) p L ) ( ) р К( К ) ORE ( B L ) ORE p p p p pe p 2 ( B ( ) p ( ) p ( ) p L K ) ( 2) p E( 2) p ( ) p E( ) p, (2) Were Pp s te relablty of te -t roc-bearg ore bec, tag to accout te relablty of te overburde bec operato (, 2, 3,..., ); К оore ( BopLop op ) o opeop s te provso of te upper ore-bearg bec wt reserves (caracterzes te reserve betwee te lower overburde ad te upper ore-bearg beces); К ORE ( BpLp p ) p pep s te provso of te -t ore-bearg bec wt reserves; p s te uber of excavators at te -t ore-bearg level ecessary for pleetato of te aual scope of wors; Lp s te wors frot legt at te -t ore-bearg level, ; Вp s te wdt of te reserve strp of te operatg platfor at te -t ore-bearg bec, ; p s te egt of te -t ore-bearg bec, ; Ep s te operatoal output of te excavator at te - t ore-bearg bec, 3 /year. ttp:// 40 edtor@aee.co

6 Serge Igorevtc Fo ad Vladr Vtorovc Ivaov Te aalyss of te obtaed depedeces ( ad 2) allows cocludg tat te relablty of te bec operato s detered by te avalablty factor of te processg ca o te gve bec, te relablty of te overlyg bec operato, as well as te reserve supply capacty (te volue of ready-to-excavato reserve sad outstrppg of overburde reovals) betwee tese beces. Wle cosderg te opecast as a syste cosstg of bec parts, ad deterg te relablty of ts operato, te usg te seres coecto of te parts s possble, because provdg te desred opecast perforace results fro te operato of all te beces, ad ot just fro te lower bec. Te parallel coecto of parts does ot reflect te actual odel of te opecast e egeerg syste, because at stoppg oe or ore beces, te operato of reag beces, as a rule, caot provde te ecessary perforace. Terefore, te opecast e egeerg syste s a syste wt a parallel coecto of te parts, te relablty of wc s detered as a wegted average: P K ( P ) ( P ) K [ P ] В o 2 2 ( ) ( ) K 2 3, (3) Were P s te relablty of te -t ore-bearg level; s te aual volue of eral resources extracto at te -t level, 3. I te developet of coplex deposts, were all ds of erals are extracted o all te operatg beces, te avalablty factor of te processg ca caracterzes te relablty of te upper bec. For te lower beces, te relablty wll be detered ot oly by te avalablty factors but also by te volue of ready-to-excavato reserves of eral resources te beces. At te developet of coplex deposts, te relablty of opecast e egeerg syste durg te year s expressed by te followg forula: P K G r G f f G f 2 r r ( 2) f ( ) f ( ) f ( 2) E f ( ) E E 2 r G 2 f E 3 K (4) f ;, 2, 3,..., r, were s te avalablty factor of te -t opecast bec; f s te uber of extracted erals; s te uber of worg beces te opecast (, 2, 3,..., ); Gf s te volue of ready-to-excavato reserves of te f-t type of eral product at te -t opecast bec; s te uber of excavators at te -t opecast bec; op s te operatoal effcecy of te excavator, 3 /year. Matag u wdt of operatg platfors at two or ore adjacet levels s udesrable sce ts case, te sultaeous g operatos at te adjacet beces are possble. Terefore, te reserve supply capacty (te volue of ready-to-excavato reserves ad outstrppg of overburde reovals) eed to be o all of te operatg beces. 4. RESULTS Iprovg te operato relablty of steeply dppg coplex structure ore deposts s aceved te case we te volue of ready-to-excavato reserves of te uderlyg orebearg bec s saller ta tat of te upper bec. ttp:// 4 edtor@aee.co

7 Iprovg te Relablty of Opecast Syste for Coplex Structure Ore Deposts Fgure sows te dstrbuto of te volue of ready-to-excavato reserves over te egt of te opecast loadg face at te ed of te ore-bearg levels prepared at 40, 25 ad 0. To esure te opecast operato relablty of steeply dppg coplex structure ore deposts, te opecast loadg face profle cosstg of ore-bearg beces sould tae a covex sape. Fgure. Dstrbutg te volue of ready-to-excavato reserves over te egt of te opecast loadg face at te ed of te ore-bearg levels prepared at 40, 25 ad 0 of te opecast developg steeply dppg coplex structure ore deposts 5. CONCLUSION Te establset of o-ufor ratoal dstrbuto of ready-to-excavato reserves at te ed of preparato of all levels te course of te opecast developet, tat provdes a g level of opecast syste s relablty, allows for optal plag of g operatos ad te forato of opecast loadg face. REFERENCES [] Hustruld, W. A., Kucta, M. E. ad Mart R. K. Ope Pt Mg Plag ad Desg. Boca Rato: CRC Press, 203. [2] Fo, S. I. ad Bazarova, E. I. Opecast e paraeters sestvty aalyss at prelary study of a g project. Zaps Gorogo Isttuta [Bullet of Mg Isttute], 26, 205, pp [3] Fo, S. I. Rs aalyss etod for a opecast g project. Aual of Uversty of Mg ad Geology St. Iva Rls, 55, 202, pp [4] Caus, J. P. Maageet of eral resources. Mg Egeerg, 54(), 2002, pp [5] O`Hara, T. A. uc gudes to te evaluato of ore bodes. Bull. Ca. Ist. M. Metall, 73(84), 980, pp [6] Agosov, M. I., Terpogosov, Z. A. ad Starev, V. G. Tpovye etodcese polozeya po preeyu odcj a tverdye polezye sopaeye v processe razrabot estorozde [Typcal etodologcal provsos o te applcato of te codtos for sold erals te course of feld developet]. Isttute for Coplex Developet of Meral Resources of te USSR Acadey of Sceces, 98. [7] Fo, S. I. Foudatos for teccal solutos orgazg excavato of ope ore pts. Zaps Gorogo sttuta [Bullet of Mg Isttute], 22, 206, pp ttp:// 42 edtor@aee.co

8 Serge Igorevtc Fo ad Vladr Vtorovc Ivaov [8] Yuatov, B. P., Baov, B. N. ad Srov, V. P. Otrytaya razrabota slozostrutury estorozdej cvety etallov [Ope developet of coplex structure ore oferrous etals deposts]. Moscow: Nedra, 973. [9] Pesov, A. A. ad Matso, N. A. Dostupost' eral'o-syr'evy resursov [Te avalablty of eral resources]. Moscow: Scece, [0] Fo, S. I. ad Kava, P. B. Ocea effetvost vestrovaya otrytoj razrabot slozostrutury estorozdej [Assesset of te vestet ope developet of tecoplex structure deposts]. Mg Iforato-Aalytcal Bullet, 5, 20, pp [] Fo, S. I. Productvty of ope casts ad dead for eral raw aterals. Sat Petersburg: Tea Publsers, 999, pp [2] Jogwo K ad Jeogo Co, O te Reforced Relablty of Forward Collso Warg Syste wt Mace Learg, Iteratoal Joural of Mecacal Egeerg ad Tecology, 9(5), 208, pp ttp:// 43 edtor@aee.co