MYCOTAXON ROBERT L. GILBERTSON. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and

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1 MYCOTAXON Vol. II, NO. 1, pp April-June 1975 PENIOPHORA TAMARICICOLA IN NORTH AMERICA 1/ ROBERT L. GILBERTSON Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and HAROLD H. BURDSALL, JR. Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin Field work over the past 5 years in southern Arizona has disclosed the presence of a fungus previously unreported from North America. This fungus is Peniophora tamaricicola, described in 1961 by Boidin and Malençon from Morocco, where it was reported as common on Tamarix. Peniophora tamaricicola is one of the important decay fungi on dead branches of several Sonoran Desert shrubs and trees. It is particularly common in Arizona on mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.) and can generally be found in all areas where mesquite with dead branches is present. The following description is based on the collections cited from Arizona. PENIOPHORA TAMARICICOLA Boidin et Malençon in Boidin, Rev. Mycol. 26: Basidiocarps resupinate, becoming widely effused, adnate, drying tough and horny in consistency and cracking extensively into small angular blocks; hymenial surface smooth to distinctly tuberculate, pruinose, pink when fresh, pale purplish-gray on dried specimens (Pale Smoke 1/ University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Article No

2 144 Gray, Pallid Mouse Gray or Light Gull Gray) 2 ; margin abrupt and fertile; subiculum pale brown, hymenial layer lighter in color and distinct in longitudinal sections; hyphal system monomitic; subicular hyphae (Fig. la) 3-4 µ Fig. 1. Microscopic characters of basidiocarp of Peniophora tamaricicola. a. subicular hyphae; b. gloeocystidia; c. dendrohyphidia; d. basidia; e. basidiospores. Color notations are those of Ridgeway (1912).

3 145 in diam, agglutinated and difficult to separate, yellow- brown near substrate, thin- to thick-walled, all with inconspicuous clamp connections, swollen vesicular gloeo cystidia present in subiculum, some with refractive granular contents, strongly positive in sulphuric benz aldehyde reagent; hymenial gloeocystidia (Fig. lb) occasional, projecting slightly, acuminate, some with refractive contents, weakly to distinctly positive in sul furic benzaldehyde reagent, up to 60 x 10 µ; dendrohyphidia (Fig. 1c) present, lightly to heavily incrusted, sparsely branched, stalk 2-5 µ in diam; basidia (Fig. 1d) narrowly clavate or slightly swollen at the base, 4-sterigmate, x µ, developing by percurrent proliferation, with new basidia developing through old basal septa and ensheathed in collapsed walls of old basidia; basidiospores (Fig. le) cylindric to allantoid, hyaline, smooth, thin- walled, negative in Melzer's reagent, x µ; spore print orange-white to light orange. Associated with a white rot of dead branches. Specimens Examined from Arizona:--(at ARIZ or CFMR) 3 on Baccharis sarothroides Gray (desert broom): RLG and 10061, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., Pima County. on Celtis reticulata Torr. (western hackberry): ERC ,and , Guadalupe Canyon, Peloncillo Mts., Cochise County. on Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose et Johnst. (yellow palo verde): RLG and HHB 5952, Redington Rd., Rincon Mts., Pima County. on Condalia mexicana Schlect. (Mexican blue-wood): RLG 10585, Peck Canyon Rd., Tumacacori Mts., Santa Cruz County. on Fouquieria splendens Engelm. (Ocotillo): RLG 7741, Guadalupe Canyon, Peloncillo Mts., Cochise County. on Fraxinus velutina Torr. (velvet ash): ERC and HHB 6225, Guadalupe Canyon, Peloncillo Mts., Cochise County; HHB 5994, 5995, Sycamore Canyon, Atascosa Mts., Santa Cruz County. 3Herbarium abbreviations are those of Stafleu (1974).

4 146 on Juglans major (Torr.) Heller (Arizona black walnut): RLG 10257, Sycamore Canyon, Atascosa Mts., Santa Cruz County. on Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (common mesquite): RLG 7182, Sonoita Cr., Patagonia, Santa Cruz County; RLG 8368A, Kelley's Wash, Santa Catalina Foothills, Pima County; ERC 70, Cottonwood Springs, Sonoita Cr., Santa Cruz County; ERC 176, Box Canyon 10 mi. east of Florence, Pinal County; RLG 10040, Patagonia Mts., Santa Cruz County; RLG 10055, HHB 5849 and 5855, Santa Rita Experimental Range, Santa Rita Mts., Pima County; HHB 5883, highway 90, S.E. of Sierra Vista, Cochise County; RLG 10234, HHB 5948 and 5953, Redington Rd., Pima County; RLG and ERC , and HHB 6223, Guadalupe Canyon, Peloncillo Mts., Cochise County; RLG and ERC , Aravaipa Canyon, Pinal County; ERC , Peppersauce Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., Pima County; ERC , near Kitt Peak Rd. on highway 86, Papago Indian Res., Pima County; ERC , Camp Grant Wash, Pinal County; RLG 10577, Peck Canyon Rd., Tumacacori Mts., Santa Cruz County; RLG 10792, highway 90, N. of Sierra Vista, Cochise County; HHB 7263, Old Spanish Trail near Collossal Cave, Pima County; HHB 6221, Guadalupe Canyon, Sonora, Mexico. Peniophora tamaricicola was originally described as common on Tamarix in Morroco. Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. (athel) and T. gallica L. (salt- cedar) are both common introduced plants in southern Arizona, but we have not yet found P. tammicicola on them. Of special interest is the development of the basidia by means of percurrent proliferation. This phenomenon has never been reported for a member of Peniophora Cke. sect. Coloratae Bourd. et Galz. The Arizona specimens have been compared with an isotype of P. tamaricicola (LY No. 3928) sent by Dr. Boidin and found to agree well in all respects. Peniophora tamaricicola was readily isolated from mass basidiospore deposits and grew vigorously on 1.5% Difco Bacto malt extract- agar medium.

5 147 Cultural Characteristics: Growth on malt extract- agar (MEA) slow to medium, mm diam/week at 25 C; advancing zone white and woolly, mat (Figs. 2,3,4,5) after two weeks with white, appressed powdery surface, sometimes with appressed, sodden circular areas; powdery layer forming a tough membrane on agar surface, and remaining white for several weeks; later becoming tan, some areas with sparse loosely interwoven aerial hyphae developing above surface, especially at the edge of dish, producing a thick woolly rim; agar stained brown in most isolates, sometimes only after 3 weeks, one isolate lost this ability; odor of apricots; on gallic acid medium (Fig. 6) no growth in two weeks, the agar stained up to 1 cm from inoculum; on tannic acid medium (Fig. 7) growth 5-12 mm in radius/week, mat white, becoming tan, texture appressed woolly, margin irregular, abrupt; agar stained about 5 mm beyond margin of mat; reaction to syringaldazine (Harkin and Obst, 1973) strongly positive (Spinel Red to Acajou Red) indicating laccase production. Figs.2-7. Cultures of P. tamaricicola after 2 weeks. 2. HHB 5948 on MEA; 3. HHB 5883 on MEA; 4. HHB 5953 on MEA; 5. RLG on MEA; 6. RLG on gallic acid medium; 7. RLG on tannic acid medium.

6 148 Hyphae of two types throughout cultures; some µ broad, thin-walled, hyaline, clamped, frequently branched, with some irregular swelling, these constant in the marginal, aerial (Fig. 8a) and submerged hyphae (Fig. 8c); Fig. 8. Microscopic characters of culture of P. tamaricicola. a. hyphae from aerial mycelium; b. hyphae from membranous mat; c. hyphae from submerged mycelium. All from HHB others µ broad, hyaline, clamped,, thin-walled or with slight wall thickening; in membranous mat (Fig. 8b) hyphae agglutinated and densely entangled, walls up to 0.5 µ thick, with yellow tint and yellow encrusting material appearing as irregular wall thickening after several weeks. Temperature Relations: Average mat diameters in 21 days in the dark (except for measuring time) at constant temperature follow: 4, no growth; 12, mm; 16, mm; 20, mm; 28, mm; 32, mm; 36, 1-3 mm; 38 and above, no growth. Cultures studied: HHB 5883, 5948, 5953, RLG 10792, all at CFMR.

7 149 Remarks: The appressed, powdery, tough membrane with the sodden "poc-like" areas combined with the brown staining of the malt agar is distinctive for this fungus. These isolates have a tendency to vary substantially in growth rate. Other characters, such as the mat texture and coloration vary among individual runs on the same isolate more than is usually experienced. The ability to stain the. agar has been lost in one isolate (5953) while another (5883) bleaches the agar and stains the agar brown only in age. The key pattern according to the system used by Davidson, et al. (1938) is A-P-I The species code according to the system used by Nobles (1965) is Acknowledgments Work at the University of Arizona was supported by McIntire-Stennis funds allocated through the University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. Collections designated with the initials ERC were made by Dr. E. R. Canfield whose participation in the field work is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks is also extended to Ms. Teresa E. Scotton for her technical assistance. Literature Cited

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